DOCSLIB.ORG

Socio-Economic Change and Class Consolidation in Ottoman Beirut and Damascus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Socio-Economic Change and Class Consolidation in Ottoman Beirut and Damascus National Library Bibliotheque riationale +Iof Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Direction des acquisitions et Bibfiographic Services Branch des services bibliographiques 395 Weiiington Street 395, rue 'Weliington Ottawa, Ontario Ottawa (Ontario) KIA ON4 K14 ON4 AVIS The quality of this microform is La qualit6 de sette microforme heavily dependent upon the depend grandement de la qualite quality of the original thesis de la these soumise au submitted do; microfifming. microfilmage. Nous awns tout Every effort has been made to fait pour assurer une qualite ensure the highest quality of superieure de reproduction. reproduction possible. If pages are missing, contact the S'il manque des pages, veuillez university which granted the cornmuniquer avec I'universite degree. qui a confere le grade. Some pages may have indistinct La qualite d'impression de print especially if the original certaines pages peut hisser a pages were typed with a poor desirer, surtout si les pages typewriter ribbon ~r if the originales ont 6te university sent us an inferior dactylographiees a I'aide d'un photocopy. ruban use ou si 19universitensus a fait parvenir une photocopie de qualitti inf8rieure. Reproduction in full or in part of La reproduction, mhepartielk, this microform is governed by de cette microforme est soumise the Canadian Copyright Act, a ia ioi canadienne sur ie droii R.S.C. ?970, c-. C--30, and d'auteur, SRC 1979, c. C-30: et subsequent amendments. ses amendements subsequents. BRIDGING THE DICHOTOMY: SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHANGE AND CLASS CONSOLIDATION IN OTTOMAN BEIRUT AND DAMASCUS M. James Quilty B.A. (Honours), Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1987 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of History O M. James Quilty, 1992 Simon Fraser University September, 1992 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means without the permission of the author. National Library Bibliothhue nationale 1*1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Direction des acquisitions et Bibliographic Services Branch des services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395,rue Welling!on Ottawa. Ontario Ottawa (Ontario) KlA ON4 KIA ON4 The author has granted an L'auteur a accorde une licence irrevocable non-exclusive licence iar6v~cabfe ef non exclusive allowing the National Library of perrnettant a la Bibliotheque Canada to reproduce, loan, nationale du Canada de distribute or sell copies of reproduire, pr&er, distribuer ou his/her thesis by any means and vendre des copies de sa these in any form or format, making de quelque maniere et sous this thesis available to interested quelque forme que ee soit pour persons. mettre des exemplaires de cette these a la disposition des personnes interessees. The author retains ownership of L'auteur conserve la proprietb du the copyright in his/her thesis. droit d'auteur qui protege sa Neither the thesis nor substantial these. Mi la these ni des extraits extracts from it may be printed or substantiels de celle-ci ne otherwise reproduced without doivent &re imprimes ou his/her permission. autrement reproduits sans son autorisation. ISBN 0-315-91215-4 APPROVAL NAME: M. James Quilty DEGREE: TITLE OF THESIS: Bridging the Dichotomy: Socio-Economic Change and Class Consolidation in Ottoman Beirut and Damascus EXAMINING COMMITTEE: CHAIR: J. I. Little William Cleveland, profess& John Spagnolo, ~s~ci'&6ofessor - . Donald M. Reid, Professor Georgia State University at Atlanta DATE: 27 October 1992 PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE I hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis, project or extended essay (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Title of Thesis/Project/Extended Essay Bridging the Dichotomy: Socio-Economic Change and Class Consolidation in Ottoman Beirut and Damascus Author: ' zgnaturej LY --- - " M. James Quilty (name) (date) .. 111 Abstract In the past decade Beirut and Damascus, and the notables that dominated these cities, have been the focus of some excellent social historical study. The two cities have never been the subject of a single comprehensive analysis, however, and are only occasionally treated together in the same work. The existing literature on Damascus mentions Beirut only in the context of the latter's rise in economic znd diplomatic stature at expense of the former. Similarly, discussions of Beirut usually consider Damascus in terms of its declining position in the region. Related to this historiographical eccentricity is the hermetic seal that seems to separate the literature on the two cities. Beirut has been studied by historians interested in those qualities which differentiated it from most other Syrian cities: its role as a non-Muslim enclave and a centre of western learning, western capital penetration, and, for much of the nineteenth century, a liberal (implicitly western) inter-sectarian tolerance. Damascus, on the other hand, has been looked upon as the embodiment of an Ottoman political, economic, and social system in disarray. Its main interest for historians has been its role in solidifying a political opposition to western encroachment, Arab Nationalism, and the social prerequisites to this coalescence, the consolidation of a notable class in the latter nineteenth century. This thesis attempts to bridge tf-e dichotomy that has separated the treatment of Ottoman Beirut and Damascus and their notables by comparing the development of the two cities over the course of the long nineteenth century. This comparison focuses specifically upon the socio-economic changes that were integral to the consolidation of the urban notability: the impact of European econornic penetration and Ottnrnafi refom; the cities' position relative to their hinterlands; the notables' relationship with their European and Ottomm patrons and their own urban clientele; and finally the notables' relations with each other, both within each city arid between Beirut and Damascus. Through this comparative znalysis, the thesis seeks to demonstrate that major material similarities existed between Beirut and Damascus in the last decades of Ottoman rule. In concludes that the forces of class consolidation were not more prevalent in Damascus but equally active, and inhibited, in both Damascus and Beirut. Since this thesis re-evaluates the findings of the existing literature on the Syrian notability, it is largely based upon secondary sources. Where it has been opportune to do so, however, it has been augmented by material from the British Foreign Office's series of consular reports entitled Confidential Print: Turkey, 1841-1914,424 Series. This thesis is dedicated to Richard Morgan, who reached the end before me. vi Acknowledgements This thesis would have been impossible without the considerable assistance given me by the teachers and students with whom I have worked since arriving at SFU. I would like to thank them for their support and direction, and for all the tolerance they have shown the self-indulgences that have marked my stay. In this regard B would particularly like to thank Bill Cleveland and John Spagnolo-the latter for insisting that the apparent muddle of the Middle East was actually a complex, the former for allowing me to explore this complexity, and for demanding that I express the complex comprehensibly. vii Table of Contents .. Approval ....................................................................................................... II ... Absmct ....................................................................................................... u Dedication .....................................................................................................v Acknowledgments ...........................................................................................vi Introduction . CONTTNUlTY AND CLASS CONSOLIDATION IN LATE OTTOMAN SYRIA: A RECONSIDERATION .......................................................................... -1 Chapter One . THE SYRIAN POLITICAL ECONOMY AND EUROPEAN PENETRATION IN THE LONG NINETEENTH CENTURY .................................................. 15 the Ottoman command economy to 1800 ....................................................... 16 the Syrian political eco~iornyfrom 7 800 ........................................................19 Chapter Two. THE NOTABILITY OE NINETEENTH CENTURY DAMASCUS AND BEIRUT: CITY AND HINTERLAND, PATRON AND CLIENT ......................... 45 Beirut. ?3amascus, and their hinterlands ........................................................ 46 the Damascene estates and their Beiruti counterparts in the long nineteenth century ...... 55 ascending linkages and institutional structures ........................................ 56 descending linkages: migration, social integration. and mobilisation .............. 63 Chapter Three. THE. PEGINNINGS OF CLASS CONSOLIDATION: FAMILY, MERCHANT CAPITAL, AND UPWARD MOBILITY ..................................... 75 merchant capird and material diversification
Load more

Recommended publications
  • TOCQUEVILLE in the OTTOMAN EMPIRE the OTTOMAN EMPIRE and ITS HERITAGE Politics, Society and Economy
    TOCQUEVILLE IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND ITS HERITAGE Politics, Society and Economy edited by Suraiya Faroqhi and Halil Inalcik Advisory Board Fikret Adanir • Idris Bostan • Amnon Cohen • Cornell Fleischer Barbara Flemming • Alexander de Groot • Klaus Kreiser Hans Georg Majer • Irène Mélikoff • Ahmet Yas¸ar Ocak Abdeljelil Temimi • Gilles Veinstein • Elizabeth Zachariadou VOLUME 28 TOCQUEVILLE IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE Rival Paths to the Modern State BY ARIEL SALZMANN BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2004 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available on http://catalog.loc.gov ISSN 1380-6076 ISBN 90 04 10887 4 © Copyright 2004 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, Rosewood Drive 222, Suite 910 Danvers MA 01923, USA Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands SALZMAN_f1-v-xv 11/12/03 11:08 AM Page v v To my mother and father This page intentionally left blank SALZMAN_f1-v-xv 11/12/03 11:08 AM Page vii vii CONTENTS List of Illustrations ...................................................................... ix Preface ........................................................................................ xi List of Abbreviations .................................................................. xiii Note on Transliteration ............................................................ xv Introduction: Tocqueville’s Ghost .................................................. 1 In Search of an Archive ...................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Palestine About the Author
    PALESTINE ABOUT THE AUTHOR Professor Nur Masalha is a Palestinian historian and a member of the Centre for Palestine Studies, SOAS, University of London. He is also editor of the Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies. His books include Expulsion of the Palestinians (1992); A Land Without a People (1997); The Politics of Denial (2003); The Bible and Zionism (Zed 2007) and The Pales- tine Nakba (Zed 2012). PALESTINE A FOUR THOUSAND YEAR HISTORY NUR MASALHA Palestine: A Four Thousand Year History was first published in 2018 by Zed Books Ltd, The Foundry, 17 Oval Way, London SE11 5RR, UK. www.zedbooks.net Copyright © Nur Masalha 2018. The right of Nur Masalha to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988. Typeset in Adobe Garamond Pro by seagulls.net Index by Nur Masalha Cover design © De Agostini Picture Library/Getty All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of Zed Books Ltd. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978‑1‑78699‑272‑7 hb ISBN 978‑1‑78699‑274‑1 pdf ISBN 978‑1‑78699‑275‑8 epub ISBN 978‑1‑78699‑276‑5 mobi CONTENTS Acknowledgments vii Introduction 1 1. The Philistines and Philistia as a distinct geo‑political entity: 55 Late Bronze Age to 500 BC 2. The conception of Palestine in Classical Antiquity and 71 during the Hellenistic Empires (500‒135 BC) 3.
    [Show full text]
  • 6 X 10.5 Three Line Title.P65
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-51949-6 - The Second Ottoman Empire: Political and Social Transformation in the Early Modern World Baki Tezcan Index More information Index Abaza Hasan Pasha, 215–216 effects of survival of brother on, 71 Abaza Mehmed Pasha, 162, 173, 213 fratricide, 64 Abdulhalim¨ Karayazıcı, 65, 66, 143–148, Mehmed Pasha (Sokolluzade) and, 108 150–151 Mustafa Agha and, 110–111 Abdullah Efendi, 169 Mustafa Efendi and, 118 Abdurrahim¨ family, 5, 220 Osman II and, 115 Abou-El-Haj, Rifa’at Ali, 9, 34, 217, pious acts of, 70 219 rebellions and, 71, 120n22 absolutism, 80, 213 Safavid wars, 131–132 appointments, royal power of, 55 Sun’ullah Efendi and, 70 army and, 152, 180 warrior sultan tradition and, 120 conservatives and, 49, 53 Ahmed III, 197n18, 222–223, 225 constitutionalists and, 48–59 Ahmed Pasha (deputy grand vizier), 167, 169 court politics and, 114 Ahmed Pasha (Etmekcizade). See definition of, 54, 80 Etmekcizade Ahmed Pasha divine law and, 29, 53, 157 Akarlı, Engin, 41 historiography and, 215 alcohol, 66, 67(fig), 174 liberals and, 49, 53 Aleppo, 15, 95, 104, 132, 148–149, 159–160, long wars and, 180 162, 178n85, 189, 212 market economies and, 80 Algeria, 223–224 Mehmed III, 65 Ali Agha, 171, 172 Murad III, 97 Ali Bey, 121 Murad IV, 214 Ali Efendi (Sarı), 37–38, 121. See also Mustafa I, 77, 109 Mullah Ali Mustafa II, 43–44, 219 Ali Pasha (d. 1511), 101 Osman II, 80–81, 109, 116, 128–141, 153 Ali Pasha (1581–1621), 110, 111, 132–136, political authority and, 44 137 public law and, 47, 48 alps, qualities of, 84–85 sciences and, 29, 241 ambassador reports, reliability of, 113 Second Empire and, 150 Amcazade Huseyin¨ Pasha, 219 social mobility and, 53, 54–55, 58 ancien regime´ , 191, 194, 226 ulema and, 29, 44, 169, 171 Andrews, Walter, 1, 4, 191 Age of Beloveds, The, 1, 4 Ankara, Battle of (1402), 88 agriculture, 17, 80, 88, 197, 231 .Seealso army timars absolutism and, 152, 180 Ahizade Huseyin,¨ 74 administrators of, 80 Ahmed Bey.
    [Show full text]
  • A TRIBUTE to the KINGLY VIRTUES of SULTAN AHMED I (R
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Istanbul Sehir University Repository A TRIBUTE TO THE KINGLY VIRTUES OF SULTAN AHMED I (r. 1603- 1617): HOCAZÂDE ABDÜLAZİZ EFENDİ (d. 1618) AND HIS AHLÂK-I SULTÂN AHMEDÎ A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF İSTANBUL ŞEHİR UNIVERSITY BY SEMRA ÇÖREKÇİ IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY SEPTEMBER 2012 ABSTRACT This thesis aims to offer a literary-historical analysis of Ahlâk-ı Sultân Ahmedî (Morals of Sultân Ahmed), an early seventeenth-century Ottoman treatise on ethics prepared for Sultan Ahmed I (r. 1603-1617). This work of ethics was originally written in Persian in 1494-5 under the title, Ahlâk-ı Muhsinî (Morals of Muhsin), by Hüseyin Vâiz Kâşifî, a renowned Timurid scholar and intellectual. This work of ethics was dedicated to the Timurid ruler, Hüseyin Baykara (r. 1469-1506), but the main adressee was his son Ebu‘l-Muhsin Mirza. In around 1610, Ahmed I ordered a translation of this Persian work into Ottoman Turkish, a task which was completed, with some critical additions, in 1612 by Hocazâde Abdülaziz Efendi (d. 1618), the fourth son of the famous Hoca Sadeddin Efendi (d. 1599). Overall, this thesis is an attempt to provide a critical examination of Ahlâk-ı Sultân Ahmedî particularly with respect to the question of how such a translated book on ethics was used as a tool to create as well as to legitimize a powerful image of the Ottoman sultan at a time of crisis and change in the Ottoman imperial and dynastic establishment.
    [Show full text]
  • Kenan Tekin Dissertation Approved for Deposit
    Reforming Categories of Science and Religion in the Late Ottoman Empire Kenan Tekin Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2016 © 2016 Kenan Tekin All rights reserved ABSTRACT Reforming Categories of Science and Religion in the Late Ottoman Empire Kenan Tekin This dissertation shows that ideas of science and religion are not transhistorical by presenting a longue durée study of conceptions of science and religion in the Ottoman Empire. I demonstrate that the idea of science(s) was subject to a tectonic change over the course of a few centuries, namely between the early modern and modern period. Even within a specific epoch, conception of science and religion were in no way monolithic, as evidenced by the diversity of approaches to these categories in the early modern period. To point out continuity and change in the ideas of science and religion, I study classifications of sciences in the early modern Ottoman Empire, by comparing two works; one by Yahya Nev‘î and the other by Saçaklızâde Muhammed el-Mar‘aşî. Nev‘î wrote from the context of the court in Istanbul, while Saçaklızâde represented the madrasa environment in an Anatolian province, thus providing a contrast in their orders of knowledge. In addition, the dissertation includes a study of the concept of "jihat al- waḥda" (aspect of unity) of science, as discussed by commentators from the early modern period. After first providing a textual genealogy, I argue that this concept reveals the dominant paradigm of scientific thinking during this period.
    [Show full text]
  • Ibrahim Pasha Grand Vizir of Suleiman the Magnificent
    Ibrahim Pasha Grand Vizir of Suleiman the Magnificent By Hester Donaldson Jenkins INTRODUCTION The life of Ibrahim Pasha, as full of strange events as the most highly‐ colored romance, paradoxical, and to western students of society almost incomprehensible in its rapid changes, is very difficult to place soberly before Occidental readers; yet its very strangeness is typical of the Orient, and if we could understand this romantic life we might find we held a key to much in Turkish life and thought. But our only chance of understanding it is to banish from our minds western conceptions and accept as facts what seem like wild imaginings. Ibrahim Pasha was not of the Turkish race, a fact which accounts for some of the paradoxes of his career, but his life was passed in a Turkish environment, one of whose notable characteristics is that it has always at once included and modified so many alien elements. In any consideration of the Turkish people, the most important thing to hold in mind is that the Turks are neither Aryan nor Semitic, being unrelated to Persians, Arabs, Greeks, or Hebrews. When ethnologists dare not speak definitely of race distinctions, the layman cannot venture to place the Turk in the “Touranian” or other group, but he can accept the fact that the Turks came into Europe from Central Asia and are in some way related to the Tatars and Mongols in the East, and probably to the Magyars and Finns in the West. The Turks of Central Asia during the period from the eighth to the eleventh centuries seem to have possessed qualities which characterize Turks of the period we are studying, and even mark the Turk of the present day.
    [Show full text]
  • The Historical Development of Genoa Square in Acre Israel from the Seventh Century to the Present Day
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Theses (Historic Preservation) Graduate Program in Historic Preservation 1995 The Historical Development of Genoa Square in Acre Israel from the Seventh Century to the Present Day Amy Suzanne Hollander University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses Part of the Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons Hollander, Amy Suzanne, "The Historical Development of Genoa Square in Acre Israel from the Seventh Century to the Present Day" (1995). Theses (Historic Preservation). 272. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/272 Copyright note: Penn School of Design permits distribution and display of this student work by University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Suggested Citation: Hollander, Amy Suzanne (1995). The Historical Development of Genoa Square in Acre Israel from the Seventh Century to the Present Day. (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/272 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Historical Development of Genoa Square in Acre Israel from the Seventh Century to the Present Day Disciplines Historic Preservation and Conservation Comments Copyright note: Penn School of Design permits distribution and display of this student work by University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Suggested Citation: Hollander, Amy Suzanne (1995). The Historical Development of Genoa Square in Acre Israel from the Seventh Century to the
    [Show full text]
  • The Ottoman Empire
    TEACHING MODERN SOUTHEAST EUROPEAN HISTORY Alternative Educational Materials The Ottoman Empire THE PUBLICATIONS AND TEACHER TRAINING ACTIVITIES OF THE JOINT HISTORY PROJECT HAVE BEEN MADE POSSIBLE THROUGH THE KIND FINANCIAL BACKING OF THE FOLLOWING: UK FOREIGN & COMMONWEALTH OFFICE Norwegian People’s Aid United States Institute of Peace Swiss Development Agency DR. PETER MAHRINGER FONDS TWO ANONYMOUS DONORS THE CYPRUS FEDERATION OF AMERICA Royal Dutch Embassy in Athens WINSTON FOUNDATION FOR WORLD PEACE And with particular thanks for the continued support of: 2nd Edition in the English Language CDRSEE Rapporteur to the Board for the Joint History Project: Costa Carras Executive Director: Nenad Sebek Director of Programmes: Corinna Noack-Aetopulos CDRSEE Project Team: George Georgoudis, Biljana Meshkovska, Antonis Hadjiyannakis, Jennifer Antoniadis and Louise Kallora-Stimpson English Language Proofreader: Jenny Demetriou Graphic Designer: Anagramma Graphic Designs, Kallidromiou str., 10683, Athens, Greece Printing House: Petros Ballidis and Co., Ermou 4, Metamorfosi 14452, Athens, Greece Disclaimer: The designations employed and presentation of the material in the book do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the publisher (CDRSEE) nor on the sponsors. This book contains the views expressed by the authors in their individual capacity and may not necessarily reflect the views of the CDRSEE and the sponsoring agencies. Print run: 1000 Copyright: Center for Democracy and Reconciliation in Southeast Europe (CDRSEE)
    [Show full text]
  • Portrayal of Ottoman Empire in Iranian High School History Textbooks
    International Journal of Progressive Education, Volume 16 Number 2, 2020 © 2020 INASED Portrayal of Ottoman Empire in Iranian High School History Textbooks Kemal Kaya i Van Yuzuncu Yil University Abstract This article focuses on how the relations between Ottoman and Iran, which are important states of Islamic history, are discussed in Iranian high school history textbooks. The shadow of collective belief and identity constructed through history education reverberates across the fields of international and foreign policy. Past relations affect two peoples not only politically but also socially and culturally, which mostly manifest themselves in the field of education. The way bilateral relations are addressed in textbooks directly affects the way two peoples perceive each other. The aim of this study is to determine the portrayal of the Ottoman Empire in Iranian high school history textbooks in terms of the relationship between history and identity. Document analysis was used to collect data from high school second- and third-grade history textbooks published between 2017 and 2018. A descriptive model was used. Qualitative research method was used for data collection, analysis and interpretation. Iranian history textbooks depict the Ottoman Empire as a neighboring state that sees itself as the protector of Islam and pursues anti-Shiite politics because it does not want a strong state in its east. They also portray the Ottoman Empire as an aggressive and opportunistic state that uses the internal weaknesses of the Iran State, which sees itself as the protector of Shiism. Keywords: Islamic Republic of Iran, History Textbooks, Perception, Identity, Othering DOI: 10.29329/ijpe.2020.241.1 ------------------------------- i Kemal Kaya, Assoc.
    [Show full text]
  • The Provincial Reforms of the Early Tanzimat Period As Implemented in the Kaza of Avrethisari*
    THE PROVINCIAL REFORMS OF THE EARLY TANZIMAT PERIOD AS IMPLEMENTED IN THE KAZA OF AVRETHISARI* Mehmet Alaaddin YALÇINKAYA ** INTRODUCTION In this paper I shall investigate the a'yanlık institution and the provincial reforms in the reign of Mahmud II and the early Tanzi- mat Period in the light of an entry of the sİCil in the kaza of Avret- hisan in Salonica (Selanik)!. In the first part, I shall give some information about the emer- gence and the development of the institution of A'yanlık which is of significance with respeet to the above documenl. The second part attempts to investigate the provincial reforms of Mahmud II while the third part examines in some details the proV'incial admin- istration at the beginning of the Tanzimat-i Hayriyye period. In the last part Ishall investigate the importance of the tevzi' defteri of the kaza of Avrethisari asa historical source. This study is based on an entry of the tevzi defteri belonging to the early Tanzimat period, precisely from 29 August 1840 (1 Receb 1256), and therefore this study is confined to this period. As is known, from the second half of the seventeenth century until the early Tanzimat period tevzi (masanf) defterleri are the primary sources for the history of Ottoman provincial administration. The mentioned sİCil in use for this study is a very good example of a type of Iate tevzi' (masanf) defteri. Therefore, it may be useful to * This artiele is based on my M.A. dissertation submitted to the Centre for Byzan- tine, Ottoman and Modem Greek Studies, Birmingham University, England 1989.
    [Show full text]
  • Administration, Society, and Economy in Ottoman Antakya (Antioch), 1750-1840 Ali Capar University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
    University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 12-2017 A Portrayal of an Ottoman City and Its Inhabitants: Administration, Society, and Economy in Ottoman Antakya (Antioch), 1750-1840 Ali Capar University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Islamic World and Near East History Commons, Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons, and the Political History Commons Recommended Citation Capar, Ali, "A Portrayal of an Ottoman City and Its Inhabitants: Administration, Society, and Economy in Ottoman Antakya (Antioch), 1750-1840" (2017). Theses and Dissertations. 2535. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2535 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. A Portrayal of an Ottoman City and Its Inhabitants: Administration, Society, and Economy in Ottoman Antakya (Antioch), 1750-1840 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History by Ali Capar Gaziantep University Bachelor of Arts in History, 2008 University of Arkansas Master of Arts in History, 2013 December 2017 University of Arkansas This dissertation is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. ____________________________________________ Nikolay Antov, Ph.D. Dissertation Director ____________________________________________ Joel Gordon, Ph.D. Committee Member ____________________________________________ Laurence Hare, Ph.D. Committee Member ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the main features of the social and economic life of the district of Antakya between 1750 and 1840 to essentially understand the characteristics of the daily life of society, administration, political developments, and economic activities in this particular city.
    [Show full text]
  • SABIL AL-JAZZAR Architectural Documentation of the Exterior Wall Fountain of Al-Jazzar Mosque
    SABIL AL-JAZZAR Architectural Documentation of the Exterior Wall Fountain of al-Jazzar Mosque Alison Hortig January 2010 International Conservation Center TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 4 MAPS AND LOCATION 5 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTATION 7 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 9 HISTORICAL AND PHYSICAL ANALYSES 16 ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE 13 PHYSICAL SURVEY 14 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS 24 RECOMMENDATIONS 25 BIBLIOGRAPHY 26 ALISON HORTIG | SABIL AL-JAZZAR | JANUARY 2010 2 INTRODUCTION Built into the exterior wall of the Al-Jazzar Mosque complex, the ornate Ottoman Rococo sabil is viewed by nearly every visitor to the Old City of Akko. A unique structure, it is unlike any other located in Israel. After observation of visitors and locals alike, it appears however, that very few recognize its distinct intricacies and beauty that have remained relatively well preserved in throughout its two century lifetime. Upon request of the Mosque authority, the following architectural documentation has been undertaken as a step towards the contribution to the sabils conservation. Methodology The documentation process was approached through the work of a building surveyor in conjunction with the compilation of architectural drawings and the development of a 3-dimensional computer model of the structure. The 3D model helps the viewer gain a greater understanding of the various components and design techniques employed by the builder of the structure through the exploration of form and detail. The model can be viewed within the architectural drawings chapter of this report. In addition to architectural, an extensive photographic documentation has been conducted to identify significant details and overall massing, and compiled to form an interactive, navigable representation of the structure in situ.
    [Show full text]