Citizenship amendment bill 2020 pdf in assamese

Continue 04 September 2020, 09.51 AM ISTThe assembly passing proposal has led to celebrations in some areas. Welfare of ordinary tribes and backward classes Minister Chandan Brahma said it was a historic day as the assembly passed three bills allowing the creation of these councils.17 December 2019, 10.25 am ISTET explains why it revived the anti-foreigner sentiment of the 1980s. Protesters say THE CAB will make the NRC redundant and grant citizenship to illegal immigrants.13 December, 2019, 11.52 AM ISTTens thousands of anti-CAB protesters descended on the streets of Assam on Wednesday, clashing with police and plunging the state into... 03 sep, 2020, 08.47 PM ISTImam was also arrested on January 28 in a case related to violent protests against the Amendments to the Citizenship Act near Jamia Milli Islamiyah University last December.June 23, 2020, 09.47 AM ISTSystematically, the Communist government of Nepal with a few years that made special relationships and unique; The 1950 Treaty of Peace and Friendship, the open border and now the kinship.14 December 2019, 02.31 PM ICS adoption of the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill in Parliament, in the Northeastern States, especially in connection with the simultaneous adoption of the NRC, protests and violent agitation continue. The suspension of Internet services has been extended for another 48 hours, taking into account the current situation with law and order in the state.14 December 2019 09.02 At the ISTBeldanga railway complex in the Murshidabad district of West Bengal, protesters set fire to; 5 CMs say they will not comply with the law; protests are taking place in Shillong, Kolkata, Delhi, Chennai, Kerala and Gujarat. Mamata Banerjee calls for a major protest in Kolkata on Monday.04 October 2020, 12.13 AM ISTReferring to form a new political party called Raijor Dol Kristaq Mukti Sangram Samiti (KMSS), Saikia said, that while some of Assam's regional political parties have become virtually non-existent, new regional parties have come up with a thing.14 September 2020, 09.11 PM Finance Minister ISTASSA and BJP leader Gimant Biswa Sarma told media in Guwahati , the formation of political parties when elections are just around the corner, but naturally. However, the candidates of this party will receive no more than 700-1500 votes in each constituency. On September 17, 2020, 12.51 AM ISTV written response to a question from Sambhaji Chatrapati in Rajya Sabha, Reddy said: The high-level committee set up by the Ministry of the Interior under paragraph 6 of the Assam Agreement has submitted its report to the Assam government and its recommendation is pending before the State Government. On November 22, 2019, 05.25 PM ISTLocals staged a protest against the Citizenship Amendment Bill (CAB), demanding its withdrawal in Guwahati on November 22. Different organizations i. . September 7, 2020, ISTBJP Secretary General ISTBJP Recently, in Guwahati, BL Santos held a two-day meeting with the main committee, as well as with office officials, and considered the party's preparations for next year's elections. The Citizenship Rights For Migrants in India Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019Parliament of India Long Title Act further amend the Citizenship Act, 1955. CitationAct No 47 2019B as part of SabhaPassed10 December 2019 (2019-12-10)Taken byRajya SabhaPassed11 December 2019 (2019-12-11)At the end of December 2019 (2019 (2019))-12-12) Signed 12 December 2019 (2019-12-12)Signed ByRam Nath Kovind, President of IndiaEffective10 January 2020 (2020-01-10) 2019Bill quotingBill No. 370, 2019Bill published December 9, 2019; 10 months ago (2019-12-09)Vedalamit Shah, Minister of the InteriorFirst reading December 9, 2019 (2019-12-09)Second reading 10 December 2019 (2019-12-10)Third reading December 11, 2019 (2019-12- 11)Citizenship Act, 1955Status: The Citizenship (Amendments) Act 2019 was passed by the Indian Parliament on December 11, 2019. He amended the Citizenship Act of 1955 to provide a pathway to Indian citizenship for illegal migrants from Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi and Christian religious minorities who fled persecution from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan until December 2014. Muslims from these countries have not been granted such a right. This act was the first time that religion was often used as a criterion for citizenship under Indian law. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), which heads the Indian government, has promised in previous election manifestos to offer Indian citizenship to members of persecuted religious minorities who have migrated from neighbouring countries. Under the 2019 amendment, migrants who entered India by 31 December 2014 and suffered from religious persecution or fear of religious persecution in their country of origin were entitled to citizenship. The amendment also relaxed the requirement to live for the naturalization of these migrants from twelve to six years. According to the Intelligence Bureau, there will be just over 30,000 direct beneficiaries of the bill. The amendment was widely criticized as discriminatory on the basis of religion, especially for the exclusion of Muslims. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) called it fundamentally discriminatory, adding that while India's goal of protecting persecuted groups is welcome, this should be achieved through a non-discriminatory non-discriminatory national asylum system. Critics have expressed fears that the bill will be used alongside the National Register of Citizens (NRC) to make many Muslim citizens aer, as they be unable to meet the strict requirements for birth or identity. Commentators also question the exclusion of persecuted religious minorities from other regions such as Tibet, Sri Lanka and Myanmar. The Indian government says that Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh have Islam as their state religion, and therefore Muslims are unlikely to face religious persecution there. However, some Muslim groups, such as Hazaras, have historically faced persecution in these countries. The adoption of the law sparked mass protests in India. Assam and other northeastern states have seen violent demonstrations against the bill over fears that granting Indian citizenship to refugees and immigrants would lead to the loss of their political rights, culture and land rights and would motivate further migration from Bangladesh. In other parts of India, protesters claimed that the bill discriminated against Muslims and demanded that Indian citizenship be granted to Muslim refugees and immigrants. Major protests against the law were held at universities in India. Muslim University students Aligarha and Jamia Milli Islamiyah claimed that the police had brutally killed her. The protests resulted in the deaths of several demonstrators, injuries to protesters and police officers, damage to public and private property, the detention of hundreds of people and the suspension of local Internet phones in some areas. Some states have announced that they will not comply with the law. The Home Office said states did not have the legal authority to stop the CAA. The Indian Constitution's Reference Citizenship Act, which was introduced in 1950, guaranteed citizenship to all citizens at the beginning of the Constitution and made no distinction on the basis of religion. The Indian government passed the Citizenship Act in 1955. The law provides for two means of obtaining Indian citizenship by foreigners. After seven years of living in India, people from indivised India were provided with registration facilities. Those from other countries received naturalization funds after twelve years of living in India. The political events of the 1980s, particularly those related to the violent movement of Assam against all migrants from Bangladesh, triggered changes to the Citizenship Act of 1955. The Citizenship Act was first amended in 1985 following the signing of the Assam Agreement, under which the Indian Government of Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi agreed to identify foreign nationals, remove them from their pre-election roles and expel them from the country. Additional amendments were made to the Citizenship Act in 1992, 2003, 2005 and 2015. In December government of the National Democratic Alliance led by Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Janata (BJP) passed the Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2003 with far-reaching changes to the Citizenship Act. He added the notion of illegal immigrants to the Act by making them ineligible to apply for citizenship (by registration or naturalization) and declaring their children also illegal immigrants. Illegal immigrants were identified as citizens of other countries who entered India without valid travel documents, or who remained in the country after the period permitted by their travel documents. They may be deported or imprisoned. The 2003 amendment also affected the Government of India to establish and maintain a National Register of Citizens. The bill was supported by the Indian National Congress as well as leftist parties such as the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M). During the parliamentary debate on the amendment, opposition leader Manmohan Singh stated that refugees belonging to minority communities in Bangladesh and elsewhere had faced persecution and asked that governments' approach to granting them citizenship should become more liberal. According to M.K. Venu, the wording of the 2003 amendment being discussed by Adwani and Singh was based on the idea that Muslim groups in Pakistan and Afghanistan that had experienced persecution should also be treated with compassion. Immigrants and refugees very large number of illegal immigrants, the largest of whom are from Bangladesh, live in India. The Border Management Task Force reported 15 million illegal migrants in 2001. In 2004, the government of the United Progressive Alliance (ICD) told parliament that there were 12 million illegal Bangladeshi migrants in India. Reasons for the scale of migration include porous borders, historical migration patterns, economic causes, cultural and linguistic links. Many illegal migrants from Bangladesh eventually gained the right to vote. According to Niraj Jayal, this granting of rights was widely described as an attempt to win the elections by the votes of illegal migrants from Bangladesh. An unknown number of Pakistani Hindu refugees live in India. An estimated 5,000 refugees arrive each year, citing religious persecution and forced conversion. A much larger number of refugees, an estimated 5 to 13 million people, have come from Bangladesh over a decade due to various complex factors. India has not signed either the 1951 UN Refugee Convention or the 1967 Protocol. It has no national refugee policy. All the refugees rushed as illegal migrants. While India is prepared to accept refugees, its traditional position, formulated by Jawaharlal Neru, is that such refugees should return to their countries after the situation According to the U.S. Committee on and immigrants, India accepts more than 456,000 refugees, with some 200,000 from non-neighbouring countries being housed through UNHCR. According to Shuvro Sarker, since the 1950s and especially since the 1990s, Indian governments have studied and developed laws to naturalize refugees and asylum seekers within various political parties. These projects have struggled with issues related to the massive influx of refugees, urban planning, the cost of basic services, obligations to protected tribes, and the impact on India's pre-existing regional poverty level. The Bharatiya Janata Party's activities of detecting, removing and deporting illegal migrants have been on the BJP's agenda since 1996. In the 2016 assembly elections in the border state of Assam, BJP leaders campaigned in the state, promising voters that they would rid Assam of Bangladeshis. At the same time, they also promised to protect Hindus who had fled religious persecution in Bangladesh. Commentators felt that the proposal for citizenship had taken on a new meaning in the context of efforts to identify and deport illegal immigrants. Illegal migrants could obtain citizenship if they were non-Muslims on the grounds that they were refugees; Only Muslims will be deported. In its manifesto for India's 2014 general election, the BJP promised to provide a natural home for persecuted Hindu refugees. A year before the 2016 election, in Assam, the government of legal refugees belonging to religious minorities from Pakistan and Bangladesh issued them long-term visas. Citizens of Bangladesh and Pakistan belonging to minority communities were exempted from the requirements of the Passports (Entry to India) Act 1920 and the Aliens Act 1946. In particular, Hindus, Sikhs, Christians, Jains, Parsis and Buddhists were mentioned who were forced to seek refuge in India because of religious persecution or fear of religious persecution. The right to release was made according to the migrant, arriving in India by 31 December 2014. In 2016, the BJP government introduced a bill to amend the citizenship law, which would have made non-Muslim migrants from Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh eligible for Indian citizenship. The bill stalled in parliament after widespread political opposition and protests in northeastern India. Opponents of the bill in Assam and India's northeastern states have said that any migration from Bangladesh, regardless of religion, would lead to the loss of indigenous political rights and culture. According to Niraj Jayal, while the BJP promised to grant Indian citizenship to all Hindu migrants from Bangladesh during its election campaigns in the 2010s, the amendment bill angered many in Assam, including his political allies they see the amendment as a violation of the Assam Agreement. The agreement promised to identify and deport all illegal Bangladeshi migrants who entered the state after 1971, regardless of their religious identity. In 2018, when the draft amendment was being discussed, numerous Assamist organizations filed a petition and campaigned against it. They fear that the amendment will encourage more migration and reduce employment opportunities for indigenous people in the state. In parallel with the drafting of the amendment to the Citizenship Act 1955, the BJP Government has completed work on updating the National Register of Citizens (NRC) in assam. The NRC process was enacted by citizenship rules adopted in 2003 and was implemented in Assam under the supervision of the Supreme Court as a result of a 2014 Supreme Court decision. This was envisaged by previous peace agreements in the north-east and, in particular, the Assam Agreement. The updated registry was made public in August 2019; approximately 1.9 million inhabitants were not included in the list and were in danger of losing their citizenship. Many of the victims were Bengali Hindus, who constitute the bjp's core voter base; commentators said the BJP had withdrawn its support for the NRC Assam in connection with that. On 19 November 2019, Interior Minister Amit Shah said in Rajya Sabha (upper house of the Indian Parliament) that the National Register of Citizens would be implemented throughout the country. The BJP government first introduced a bill to amend the Citizenship Act in 2016 that would have made non-Muslim migrants from Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh eligible for Indian citizenship. Although the bill was passed by Lok Sabha, or the lower house of the Indian Parliament, it stalled in Rajya Sabha, following widespread political opposition and protests in north-eastern India. The BJP reaffirmed its commitment to amend the Citizenship Act in its 2019 election campaign. She stated that religious minorities, such as Hindus and Sikhs, were being persecuted in Muslim-majority neighbouring countries and promised to quickly find a path to citizenship for non-Muslim refugees. After the election, the BJP Government drafted a bill that addressed the problems of the north-eastern states. It excluded Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, Megalaya and Manipur, with the exception of non-tribal cities vacated under previous rules. It also excluded the tribal areas of Assam. The Indian government, in proposing the amendment, stated that its bill was aimed at providing faster access to citizenship for those fleeing religious persecution in neighbouring countries and asylum in India. The bill was introduced in Lok Sabha on 19 July 2016 as a Bill, 2016. It was referred to the Joint Parliamentary Committee on 12 August 2016. The Committee submitted its report to Parliament on 7 January 2019. The bill was passed into consideration and passed by Lok Sabha on January 8, 2019. It is under consideration and past Rajya Sabha. As a result of the dissolution of the 16th Lok Sabha, this bill expired. After the formation of the 17th Lok Sabha, on December 4, 2019, the Cabinet of the Union passed the citizenship (amendment) bill on December 4, 2019 for submission to parliament. The bill was introduced in the 17th Lok Sabha by Interior Minister Amit Shah on December 9, 2019, and was passed on December 10, 2019, with 311 deputies voting in favor and 80 against the bill. The bill was passed by Rajya Sabha on 11 December 2019 by 125 votes in favour and 105 votes against. Among those who voted were Janata Dahl (United), AIADMK, Biju Janata Dal, TDP and the YSR Congress Party. After receiving consent from the President of India on December 12, 2019, the bill acquired the status of an act. The introduction of CAB began on 20 December 2019, when the Minister for Union Affairs, Mansouh Mindiaya, presented citizenship certificates to seven refugees from Pakistan. Amendments to the Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2019 amended the Citizenship Act 1955, amending the following reservations in section 2, subsal section (1), post paragraph (b): 103 Provided that any person belonging to a Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jai, Parsi or Christian community from Afghanistan, Bangladesh or Pakistan who entered India before 31 December 2014 or who was released by the central government under paragraph (c) of section (2) section 3014 of the Passports (Entry to India) Act 1920 or the application of the provisions of the Aliens Act 1946 or any rules or regulations that have developed them should not be considered an illegal migrant for the purposes of this law; A new section 6B (in the section on naturalization) with four provisions has been inserted, the first of which states: (1) the Central Government or the body it has indicated on that behalf may, under such conditions, restrictions and order, as may be prescribed, on the application made on that behalf, to issue a certificate of registration or a certificate of naturalization to the person specified in the clause (section 1) 2. The liberated classes of persons were previously defined in the Aliens (Amendment) Ordinance of 2015 (issued under the Aliens Act, 1946): The release of a certain class of foreigners. - (1) Persons belonging to minority communities in Bangladesh and Pakistan, namely Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and Christians who were forced to seek refuge in India because of religious or fear of religious persecution and entered India no earlier than 31 December 2014 (a) without valid documents, including passport or other travel documents, and which were released under Rule 4 of the 1950 Rules of Passport (Entry to India) 1950; or (b) with valid documents, including a passport or other travel document, and any of these documents expired, exemptions are granted from the provisions of the Aliens Act 1946, as well as orders made in connection with their stay in India without such documents or after the expiration of these documents, as may be the case with them. In 2016, the Rules were further amended, adding Afghanistan to the list of countries. Exceptions were granted to the north-eastern regions of India in paragraph (4) of section 6B: (4) Nothing in this section extends to the tribal territory of Assam, Megalaya, Mizoram or Tripura, as included in the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution and the area covered by the Inner Line, notified under the Regulation on the Eastern Borders of Bengal, 1873. who are Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and Christians from Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan, and who entered India no earlier than December 31, 2014. The law does not mention Muslims. According to the Intelligence Bureau, 31,313 people, including 25,447 Hindus, 5,807 Sikhs, 55 Christians, 2 Buddhists and 2 Parsis, will be the direct beneficiaries of the Amendment Act. Under the law, one of the requirements for citizenship through naturalization is that the applicant had to live in India for the past 12 months and for 11 of the previous 14 years. The bill weakens this 11-year requirement for people belonging to the same six religions and three countries. The bill exempts the tribal areas of Assam, Magalaya and Tripura from its applicability. It also frees up areas regulated through the inner permit line, which include Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram and Nagaland. On December 9, 2019, it was also announced that Manipur would be included in the Internal Line Permit. The bill includes new provisions to revoke the registration of the Overseas Civil India (OCI) if there is any violation of the provisions of this law or the provisions of any other Indian law. This also adds an opportunity for the OCI owner to be heard before the cancellation. The selectively addressing religious persecution for majority Muslim neighboring countries is only Exemption section in the amendment to the act that does not pay attention to refugees from all neighboring countries. Of all the countries on the border, China, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan (north or northwest), Bangladesh and and (in the east) and Sri Lanka (in the south), this law only mentions Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan, meaning Muslim majority countries on the border are considered only by design in the Act. The amendment is limited to India's Muslim-majority neighbours and does not take into account the persecuted Muslims of those countries. According to The Economist, if the Indian government was concerned about religious persecution, it should have included Ahmadiyyas, a Muslim sect that was viciously persecuted in Pakistan as heretics, and Hazaras, another Muslim sect that was killed by the Taliban in Afghanistan. They should be treated as minorities. India's Minister for Minorities, Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi, defended the expulsion of the Ahmadis, saying That India did not consider them to be non-Muslims. A 1970 Supreme Court decision in Kerala deemed Ahmadiyyas to be Muslim under Indian law. Naqvi added that India had granted refuge to various persecuted sects at different times, and Ahmaddias would not be forgotten. Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh are Muslim-majority countries that have changed their constitutions in recent decades to declare Islam their official state religion. Therefore, according to the Indian Government, Muslims in these Islamic countries are unlikely to face religious persecution. The government says Muslims cannot be treated as persecuted minorities in these Muslim-majority countries. The BBC asserts that, although these countries have provisions in their constitution guaranteeing rights to non-Muslims, including freedom to practice their religion, non-Muslims are in practice discriminated against and persecuted. Excluding other persecuted communities, the law does not include migrants from non-Muslim countries fleeing persecution in India, Rohingya Muslim refugees from Myanmar, Hindu refugees from Sri Lanka and Buddhist refugees from Tibet, China. The Act does not mention Tamil refugees from Sri Lanka. In the 1980s and 1990s, Sri Lankan Tamils were allowed to settle as refugees in Tamil Nadu because of systematic violence by Sinhalese sri Lankans. These include 29,500 mountain Tamils of the country (Malayha). The law does not provide assistance to Tibetan Buddhist refugees who arrived in India in the 1950s and 1960s. Their refugee status has been around for decades. According to a 1992 UNHCR report, the then Indian Government stated that they remained refugees and were not eligible to acquire Indian citizenship. The law does not apply to Muslim Rohingya refugees from Myanmar. The Indian government is deporting Rohingya refugees to Myanmar. The National Register of Citizens is a registry of all legal citizens whose construction and maintenance was authorized by the 2003 amendment to the Citizenship Act. From January 2020, it was implemented only for the state of Assam, but the BJP promised its implementation for the whole of India in its 2019 election manifesto. The NRC documents all legal citizens so that people who have been left behind can be recognized as illegal immigrants (often called foreigners). The experience of the NRC Assam shows that many people were declared foreigners because their documents were deemed insufficient. In this context, there are fears that the current amendment to the Citizenship Act provides a shield to non-Muslims who may claim to have fled persecution from Afghanistan, Pakistan or Bangladesh, while Muslims do not have such benefits. Such a statement may only be possible for people in border States that bear some ethnic resemblance to the people of Afghanistan, Pakistan or Bangladesh, but not to the people of the interior. Muslim leaders interpreted the CAA-NRC package in these terms, for example, that Muslims in the country would be targeted (considering the documents insufficient) as potential foreigners, leaving all non-Muslims. In an interview with India Today, Interior Minister Amit Shah gave assurances that no Indian citizen should be bothered. We will adopt special provisions to ensure that no Indian citizen from minority communities is victimized in the NRC process. But the Indian Express said the NRC's goal is precisely to identify Indian citizens. Thus, these references to Indian citizens remain inexplicable. Locals protest against CAB in New Delhi on December 14, 2019. Violent protests erupted in Assam, where protesters argued that the new provisions of the law were not opposed to previous agreements, such as the Assam Agreement, and that they could lead to loss of political rights and culture. The Indian-Japanese summit in Guwahati, in which Shinzo Abe was to attend, was canceled. The United Kingdom, the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Israel and Canada issued travel warnings to people visiting the northeastern region of India, telling their citizens to exercise caution. In other parts of India, political and student activists protested that the law marginalizes Muslims, harms and sought to provide Muslim migrants and refugees with refugees for its secular foundations. Protesters demanded that the law grant Indian citizenship to Muslim immigrants and refugees. Protests against the bill were held in several megacities across India, including Kolkata, Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Hyderabad and Jaipur. Rallies also took place in the various Indian states of West Bengal, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Telangana, Bihar, Maharastra, Kerala and Karnataka. Twenty-seven people were killed by police firing firearms across India. Various cities around the world, including New York, Washington, D.C., Melbourne, Paris, Berlin, Geneva, Barcelona, San Francisco, Tokyo, Helsinki and Amsterdam, have witnessed protests against the law and police brutality faced by Indian protesters. Kerala's human chain was formed by approximately 6-7 million people and spread over a distance of 700 kilometers Students from various universities such as Jamia Millia Islamiyah, The Muslim University of Aligarha, Nadwa College, Jawaharlal Nehru University, IIT Kanpur, IIT Madras, Jadavpur University, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, IISc, University of Pondicherry, and IIM More than 25 student associations from across India joined the protests. On December 15, police forcibly entered the campus of Jamiya Milli Islamiyah University, where protests were taking place, and detained students. Police used batons and tear gas against students. More than 100 students were injured and an equal number were detained. The actions of the police were widely criticized and led to protests throughout the country. Muslims across India have come out to protest against the CAA-NRC package with a new affirmation of their identity as Indians. Muslim women began a protest in Shaheen Bagh on December 15, 2019, as a 24/7 sit-in peaceful protest. On February 5, 2020, protesters in Shaheen Baga blocked a major highway in New Delhi using non-violent resistance. On 24 February, violent clashes broke out in north-eastern Delhi, killing seven people and injuring more than 100 others. The death toll rose to 42 in 36 hours, with 250 people injured. The Indian government's response on December 16, after the protests began on the fifth day, Prime Minister Narendra Modi called for calm in a series of tweets that said: No Indian has anything to worry about this act. This act is only for those who have faced years of persecution outside and have no other place but India . As caA protests raised concerns about the combined impact of caa with the NRC, the government tried to downplay its nrtiving on the NRC Narendra Modi and Interior Minister Amit Shah said that there has been no talk of a pan-Indian NRC in their government at this time, and neither the Cabinet nor the Legal Department have discussed it. In view of the violence and damage to public property during the demonstration, on 19 December, the police banned protests in several parts of India with the introduction of section 144, which prohibits the collection of more than 4 people in public space as illegal, namely parts of the capital Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and Karnataka, including Bangalore. Chennai police refused permission to hold marches, rallies or any other demonstration. Internet services have been shut down in several parts of Delhi. Thousands of protesters were detained as a result of the ban, including several opposition leaders and activists such as Ramachandra Guha, Sitar Echuri, Yogendra Yadav, Umar Khalid, Sandeep Dixit, Tehsin Punavala and D Raja. Rallies in support of See. also: The Citizenship Amendment Act - demonstrations by pro-CAA Student groups such as the Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarti Parishad, the student wing of Hindu nationalist Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, held rallies in support of the amended Citizenship Act. They also accused members of Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee's party of misinforming the state's residents about the new law. Similarly, some 15,000 people joined a BJP rally in support of the law in Rajasthan. On December 20, 2019, dozens of people held demonstrations in Central Park, Connaught Place, New Delhi in support of the Law. ABVP members held a rally in support of the CAA and NRC in Kerala. Hundreds of citizens took to the streets in support of the Bangalore Citizenship Act. Members of the Social Democratic Party of India, affiliated with the Islamist militant organization people's front of India, received 10,000 rupees for attacking leaders supporting the CAA in Bengaluru, according to police, Hindu refugee families in Assam, who have lived in a refugee camp since the 1960s and who have so far been denied Indian citizenship, said the amendment initially raised hope. They added that recent protests against the law and demands for its repeal had made them fear for the future. In New Delhi, about 600 refugees from Pakistan living in a camp made up of tiny shacks celebrated the new law. A delegation of Sikh refugees from Afghanistan three decades ago thanked the Indian Government for amending the citizenship law. They stated that the amended law would allow them to finally obtain Indian citizenship and join mainstream life. Some Rohingya Muslims India was not optimistic about the amendment and feared that they would be deported. Other Rohingya refugees expressed gratitude for being allowed to remain in India, but made no comment on the law so that they would not provoke a backlash. They said the local police had asked them not to protest against the law. The bill was opposed by the Indian National Congress, which said it would create tensions in communities and polarize India. The chief ministers of the Indian states of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Punjab, Kerala and Rajasthan and the allied Puducherri territory, led by the governments of non-BJP governments, have said they will not comply with the law. According to the Union's Interior Ministry, states do not have the legal authority to stop the implementation of the CAA. The Ministry stated that the new legislation had been adopted in accordance with the Union List of the 7th List of the Constitution. States cannot reject it. On December 21, Modi stated that the NRC had been implemented in Assam only to follow a directive from India's Supreme Court and that no decision had been made on its implementation nationwide. The Muslim League of the Indian Union has asked the Supreme Court of India to declare the bill illegal. The Royal Tribune family also filed a petition with the Supreme Court against the bill. The first hearing of the Supreme Court of India on 60 motions, contesting the law, took place on December 18, 2019. During the first hearing, the court refused to comply with the Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2019. On January 22, 2020, some 143 petitions were heard, including several petitions filed after December 18, 2019. The court again rejected the application for 100,000 m. Bench, chaired by the Chief Justice of India SA Bobde indicated that the issue could be referred to the grand bench. as the next hearing date. The next hearing was scheduled for April 21, 2020. Comments and petitions by India's Foreign Intelligence Agency, the REA, expressed concern during the ouster before a joint parliamentary committee, and said the bill could be used by agents of foreign intelligence agencies to legally infiltrate India. Shiv Shankar Menon, a former national security adviser, called the incident the very goal that isolated India from the international community. Harish Salve, a former solicitor general of India, stated that the bill did not violate Article 14, Article 25 and Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. A group of prominent figures and organizations from some 12 countries representing Bangladesh's minorities issued a joint statement describing the Act humanitarian situation, under which India has partially fulfilled its obligations to the minorities of Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan. The National Sikh Front, a group representing Sikhs in Jammu and Kashmir, said it supported the law because it would help Sikh refugees in India who had left Afghanistan. More than 1,000 Indian scientists and scientists have signed a petition against the bill. The petition stated that the use of religion as a criterion of citizenship in the proposed bill is incompatible with the basic structure of the Constitution. A similar number of Indian academics and intellectuals have issued a statement in support of the law. The petition stated that the act fulfills a long- standing requirement for asylum for persecuted religious minorities from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan. International reaction of the United States: The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) called for sanctions against Amit Shah and other chief executives in connection with the adoption of the bill. In response, the Indian Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a statement stating that the USCIRF statement was neither accurate nor justified and that neither the SAA nor the NRC sought to strip Indian citizens of their citizenship. The U.S. House of Representatives Foreign Affairs Committee questioned the bill's purpose and noted that the religious test of citizenship undermines this very basic democratic principle. However, on December 19, the U.S. Secretary of State said that the U.S. respects Indian democracy because it has an unstuasted internal discussion on the Citizenship Act. United Kingdom : The outgoing British High Commissioner to India, Dominic Asquith, said that the UK expressed hope that the Indian government would address the people's concerns as its manifesto commitment to all, development for all, and the trust of all (sabka saat, sabka vikas, sabka vishvas) : Australian MP David Shoebridge represented the movement in the Legislative Council, calling for serious attention to India' government so that they include a human rights provision. Russia's deputy ambassador to India, Roman Babushkin, said Russia considers the legislation to be an internal matter for India. French Ambassador to India Emmanuel Lenain said That France considers the legislation to be an internal matter of India and respects it. Pakistan: Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan criticized the law. resolution, which called the law discriminatory and claimed to be contrary to bilateral agreements and agreements between India and Pakistan, especially those on the security and rights of minorities in the countries concerned. This act was condemned by both the Hindu and Sikh communities of Pakistan. In particular, it was rejected by the Pakistan Hindu Council, a representative body of Hindus in the country. Many legislators have protested the legislation. They included Lal Chand Malhi, a member of the national assembly from Pakistan's ruling Tehreek-e-Indaf party, and Sachanand Lahwani, a member of the Sindh Provincial Assembly. Bangladesh: Bangladeshi Foreign Minister A.K. Abdul Momen said the bill could weaken India's historical character as a secular nation, and denied that minorities faced religious persecution in his country. In an interview with Gulf News, Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina said in India people face many challenges and expressed concern, saying: We don't understand why (the Indian government) did this. It wasn't necessary. However, it has maintained its position that CAA and NRC are india's internal affairs. She also said that Prime Minister Modi had assured her that there was no return migration from India. Maldives: Maldives Parliament Speaker and former President Mohamed Nasheed said the CAA is an internal matter for India and has been democratically adopted through both houses of parliament. Malaysia: Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad has criticized the law and said it could deprive some Muslims of citizenship. India rejected the criticism and stated that the law did not deprive any Indian of any faith in it or its nationality. Afghanistan: Former Afghan President Hamid Karzai has called on the Indian government to treat all minorities equally. In an interview with The Hindu, he said, We don't have persecuted minorities in Afghanistan. Referring to the Afghan conflict, he said: The whole country is being persecuted. We have long been at war and conflict. All the religions of Afghanistan, Muslims, Hindus, and Sikhs, which are our three main religions, have suffered. Kuwait: Some 27 legislators in Kuwait expressed deep concern over the offensive legislative and repressive security measures taken by the Indian government against Muslims. They asked the Government of Kuwait to make diplomatic efforts and to contact the UN to address the problem. Bahrain: The Shura Council (Council of Representatives) called on the Government of India to refrain from implementing the law, taking into account the rights of Muslims and respecting international principles. Sri Lanka: Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa has called the CAA an internal matter for India. Answering questions He said: Sri Lankans can come back any time they want, Sri Lankans can come back. Their houses are there. They can come back at any time. We have no objections. Recently, about 4,000 of them have returned. It all depends on what they want. Supranational United Nations: The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights criticized the law and called it fundamentally discriminatory in nature. She added: While India's broader naturalization laws remained in force, the amendments would have a discriminatory impact on people's access to citizenship. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights has filed an application to the Supreme Court of India to amend the Citizenship Act (CAA) in 2020. The European Union's ambassador to India, Hugo Astuto, said he hoped the CAA discussion would be in line with the high standards set by the Indian constitution. Organization of Islamic Cooperation: OIC expressed its concern about the current situation of the SAA-NRC and urged the Government of India to ensure the security of the Muslim minority and to fulfil the commitment of the Charter of the United Nations. Cm. also Illegal Immigration to India Indian National Citizenship Act National Register of Indian Citizens Refugees in India Aliens Act, 1946 Illegal Migrants Act (Tribunal Definition), 1983 Assam Agreement (1985) 1971 Bangladesh, Genocide of Religious Discrimination in the Pakistani Community (South Asia) Notes to Sharma (2019), p. 523: First, citizen status biased against religious identity is by no means an idea new.... A thorough examination of citizenship policies and laws adopted since independence confirms the assertion that citizenship in India has always been based on the implicit belief that India is for Hindus. - Sen (2018), page 10-11: Nehru's response (to Patel's warning) made it clear that Muslim migrants from Pakistan cannot join the ranks of refugees in India... Thus, despite wide public statements promising citizenship to all displaced persons from Pakistan, only Hindu migrants are considered refugees in India after partition. has been secretly smuggled in before, this bill seeks to do so inspired. - According to the Indian Intelligence Bureau, referred to the Joint Parliamentary Committee, 31,313 people were granted long-term visas using the criteria mentioned in the law. Among them are 25,447 Hindus, 5,807 Sikhs, 55 Christians, 2 Buddhists and 2 Parsis. They were expected to be the direct beneficiaries of the Act. It included, in addition to India, Bangladesh. In 2012, Prakash Karat, then secretary general of the CPI (M), wrote to Manmohan Singh, then prime minister, recalling his 2003 statement and urging him to make a suitable policy amendment to allow minority refugees to easily obtain citizenship. Statistics from the Indian government in 2014 show 289,394 stateless persons in India. Most of them were from Bangladesh and Sri Lanka (about 100,000), followed by countries such as Tibet, Myanmar, Pakistan and Afghanistan. The excluded people of the Assam NRC were 0.5 million Bengali Hindus and 0.7 million Muslims, with the remainder composed of local and Hindus from northern India. Road 13-A, Shaheen Bagh (GD Birla Marg) - Matura Road - Kalindi Kunj - Shaheen Bagh is the border crossing that connects New Delhi with Neuda and Faridabad. - USCIRF has previously expressed its support for Lautenberg-Specter amendments, a U.S. law that is considered similar to caa. Inquiries: b MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS NOTIFICATION S.O. 172 (E) (PDF). Herald of India. January 10, 2020. Received on January 10, 2020. The Citizenship Amendment Act takes effect from today because the MHA issues a notice. Indian Express. January 10, 2020. The Citizenship Amendment Bill: India's new anti-Muslim law, BBC News reported December 11, 2019. b Parliament passes the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill 2019. pib.gov.in. received on December 18, 2019. a b c d Regan, Helen; Gupta, Swati; Khan, Omar. India is adopting a controversial citizenship bill that excludes Muslims. The government, run by the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), said the bill was aimed at protecting religious minorities fleeing persecution in their countries. - b c Gringlas, Sam. India is adopting a controversial citizenship bill that would exclude Muslims. Npr. a b Slater, Joanna (December 18, 2019). Why protests erupt over India's new citizenship law. The Washington Post's archive from the original on December 18, 2019. Received on December 18, 2019. New Year's Eve in India - night of resolution or revolution?. TRT World. January 1, 2020. Received on January 2, 2020. From CAA to Art 370 Cancellations: 5 of Modi's boldest government moves. Free press magazine. December 20, 2020. Received on January 2, 2020. - Sankalpit Bharat Sashakt Bharat Archived November 10, 2019 at Wayback Machine, BJP Sankalp Patra Lock Sabha 2019 (Manifesto, 2019) - b c Kaur Sandhu, Kamaljit; Singh, Mausami (December 9, 2019). The Amendment Bill to the Citizenship Act has public approval, was part of the manifesto: Amit Shah. India today. Bill amendments to the Citizenship Act ... was to provide protection to people who living in miserable human conditions, while rejecting the argument that a Muslim may suffer religious persecution in Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan, saying that a Muslim is Muslim to face religious persecution in an Islamic country - Citizenship (Amendment), 2019 (PDF). PRS India.: For these groups of individuals, the 11 year requirement will be reduced to five years. This is in addition to a twelve-month residency just before applying for citizenship. Saha, Abhishek (January 20, 2019). Explains why Assam, Northeast are angry. Hindustan Times. Received on December 11, 2019. The question is: How many immigrants will benefit from the Citizenship Act? 25,447 Hindus, 5,807 Sikhs, 55 Christians, two Buddhists and two Parsis, according to the Intelligence Bureau. First post. Trivati, Rahul (December 17, 2019). The Amendments to the Citizenship Act deciphered what it had for India. Economic times. - b Intelligence Bureau to verify citizenship applications, The Telegraph, 9 January 2019. - Spokesperson for the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in the Archives of 19 December 2019 in the Travel Machine, Jeremy Lawrence, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (December 13, 2019) - b c Chaudhry, Suparna (December 13, 2019). India's new law could leave millions of Muslims stateless. The Washington Post. - b c d e Vishwanath, Apurva; Sheriff, Kaunain (December 25, 2019). Explains: What NRC-CAA means to you. Indian Express. Hettleman, Jeffrey; Raj, Suhasini (December 11, 2019). The Indian Parliament is adopting a citizenship bill, bringing it closer to the law. The New York Times. Received on December 18, 2019. is India's claim of minorities true? December 12, 2019. The Indian government states, The constitutions of Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh provide for a specific state religion. As a result, many persons belonging to the Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jai, Parsi and Christian communities have faced persecution because of religion in these countries. Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Archive from the original on December 24, 2019. What does the new Indian Citizenship Act mean? The New York Times. December 13, 2019. ISSN 0362-4331. Archive from the original on December 19, 2019. Is India's claim of minorities true? December 12, 2019. Samuel, Segal (December 12, 2019). India had simply revised its citizenship criteria to exclude Muslims. Vox. b Saha, Abhishek (January 20, 2019). Explains why Assam, Northeast are angry. Indian Express. a b Chowdhury, Ratnadip (December 21, 2019). Want peace, not migrants: Thousands of women protest against the citizenship law in Assam. NDTV.com - b Gollom, Mark (December 17, 2019). Why India's controversial citizenship law has sparked violent protests. CBC News. b Pokharel, Krishna (December 17, 2019). Protests against Indian citizenship have spread to the Muslim district of the capital. Wall Street Journal. Archive December 23, 2019. Ellis-Petersen, Hannah (December 17, 2019). India's protests: students condemn barbaric police Keeper. ISSN 0261-3077. Nath, Gemanta Kumar (November 12, 2019). 1,000 detainees as anti-citizenship Amendment Bill protests intensify in Assam. Dutta, Prabhas (December 19, 2019). Violent protests against the Amendments to the Citizenship Act: Who will pay for the damage?. India today. b Sporadic protests in MP against CAA. Outlook. December 19, 2019. Jaffrelo, Christophe (August 2019). De facto ethnic democracy. in Chatterjee, Angan P.; Thomas Blom Hansen; Jaffrelo, Christophe: How Hindu nationalism changes India. ISBN 978-0-19-007817-1. Archive from the original on December 17, 2019. Received on December 16, 2019. a b Thakur, Apurva (March 31, 2018), Why the Citizenship Amendment Bill goes against the basic principles of the Constitution, EPW Engage, 53 (13), p. 7-8, archived from the original December 18, 2019 - Roy Roy 2010, page 33-34. - Universal Citizenship Act, 1955 (2004), page 13, paragraph 2(1) (h). Roy 2010, page 37-38. General Citizenship Act 1955 (2004): see page 15, paragraph 5 seven years; see page 27, The Third Schedule for eleven years, followed by twelve months. Niraja Gopala Jayala (2019), Reconfiguration of Citizenship in Modern India, Journal of South Asian Studies, 42(1), page 34-36 (context: 33-50), doi:10.1080/00856401.2019.1555874, citation: Since the 1980s, the legal and constitutional concept of an Indian citizen began to undergo subtle transformations, through amendments to the Law on Citizenship, in response to political events. The latest in a series of such amendments is the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, introduced in Parliament in July 2016 and passed in India's lower house of parliament in January 2019. [...] The current amendment reinforced a trend that began with the 1985 Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, which amended the naturalization provisions. This gave legal expression to the Assam agreement between the government of Rajiv Gandhi and the student organizations of Assame, which campaigned against the granting of rights to migrants from Bangladesh in Assam. [...] The 1985 amendment to the Citizenship Act, which followed the Agreement, introduced a new section entitled Special Citizenship Provisions for Persons Covered by the Assam Agreement. In an effort to allay fears about migrants who have come from Bangladesh, Sangeeta Barooah Pisharoty (2019). Assam: Consent, discord. Penguin. 1-14, Chapters: Introduction, 2, 9, 10. ISBN 978-93-5305-622-3. Sharma (2019), page 522 - b Niraja Gopal Jayal (2019), Reconfiguration of Citizenship in Modern India, Journal of South Asian Studies, 42 (1), p. 34-36 (context: doi:10.1080/00856401.2019.1555874, Citation: The agreement was concluded in 1985, after agitation led to the mass murder of Nelly during the 1983 elections. The granting of rights to migrants was widely attributed to Congress. It was generally believed that all Bangladeshi immigrants were Muslims and the Congress Party was seen as the main beneficiary of their votes. The Agreement has taken steps to identify foreigners and exclude them from state electoral lists. [...] As Kamal Sadiq's book has shown, illegal migrants are more likely to have documentary citizenship - documents such as food cards and voter cards, certifying their citizenship, while natives and their descendants may well have no documents at all - Mihika Poddar (2018), Citizenship Bill (amendment), 208-118, doi:10.1080/24730580.2018.1512290 - Sharma (2019), p. 522 - Hazarika, Sanjoy (December 13, 2019), CNBC-TV18: In the 1980s, the Congress Party faced the brunt of the anti-Islamic movement with confrontation and violence, erupting in the state until 1985, when the government of then-Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi appeared to calm the situation. Foreign nationals will be found and expelled under the provisions of the law after 1971, he said, and the people of the state will be given preferential treatment and constitutional guarantees to protect their identity. - Roy 2010, page 138. Universal Citizenship Act, 2003 (2004), page 2. error sfnp: no purpose: CITEREFUniversal's_The_Citizenship_Act, 20032004 (aid) - Citizenship Amendment Bill: India's new anti-Muslim law explained. BBC News. December 11, 2019. The dual citizenship bill was passed in Rajya Sabha, Hindu, on 19 December 2003. - Nina Vyas, Anita Joshua, Dual Citizenship Bill, Adopted, The Hindu, 23 December 2003. Listing religion, Modi's CAA broke atal-Manmohan-Left Concorde on persecuted minorities, Wire, 29 December 2019. - Official report of the parliamentary debate, Volume 200, number 13, Secretariat of Rajya Sabha, Government of India, 18 December 2003, quote: After the division of our country minorities in countries such as Bangladesh, faced persecution, and it is our moral duty to ensure that if the circumstances force people, these unfortunate people, to seek refuge in our country, our approach to granting citizenship to the unfortunate persons should be more liberal. I sincerely hope that the Honourable Deputy Prime Minister will bear this in mind by charting a future course of action on the Citizenship Act. A story about two requirements, The Hindu (December 10, 2019); Historical Pioneer (December 24, 2019) - b. K. Venu, by enumerate religions, Modi's CAA broke the atal- manmohan-left-concorde on persecuted minorities, The Wire, December 29, 2019 Das, Pushpit (2016), Illegal Migration from Bangladesh: Deportation, Border Fences and Work Permits (PDF), Institute of Defense Research and Analysis, 26-27, ISBN 978-93-82169-69-7 - Ranjan 2019, p4. Rizwana Shamshad (2017). Bangladeshi migrants in India: foreigners, refugees or infiltrators?. Oxford University Press. 99-100. ISBN 978-0-19-909159-1., quote: Electoral lists prepared for the elections showed that the number of voters increased significantly. There were complaints of the sudden inclusion of 70,000 foreigners on the electoral roll. Christophe (2015), Pakistan Paradox: Instability and Sustainability, Oxford University Press, page 331-333, ISBN 978-0-19-061330-3 - Why Pakistani Hindus leave their homes in India, BBC News, October 28, 2015. Sriashi Raj, Safe but Loyal: Pakistani Hindu Refugees in India, Diplomat, January 22, 2019. - Gymdri Chatterjee, why planned caste refugees in Bengal resist the CAA and NRC, The Wire, December 31, 2019. Gillan (2007), p. 85: Citing Ranabir Sammadar: Not only are Muslim peasants depeasantized, beggar and lumpenized upon arrival in India, Bangladesh's Hindu peasantry cynically and most systematically robbed land for communal reasons in Bangladesh's villages and peasants are thus forced to flee. U.S. State Department (1991). World Report on Refugees. Bureau of Refugees, U.S. government. 42-43. a b Ahmad, Nafis (September 12, 2017). Refugee status in India. A fair observer. B Suryanarayan, V.; Ramaseshan, Geeta (August 25, 2016). Citizenship without bias. Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. It's a matter of fair play. Statesman. October 10, 2016. India Archived December 19, 2019 at Wayback Machine, UNHCR Global Appeal, 2011. b Explained: What is the Amendments to the Citizenship Act?. Indian Express. December 19, 2019. Sarker 2017, page 55-67, 192-198. Gupta 2019, 2-3. sfn error: multiple goals (2×): CITEREFGupta2019 (help) - Roy 2019, page 28. The BJP's proposal for a natural home for Hindu refugees is causing debate. Hindustan Times. April 9, 2014. - Release of citizens of minority communities from Bangladesh and Pakistan while normalizing their entry and stay in India on December 16, 2019 in the wayback machine, Ministry of the Interior, September 7, 2015. b c Newspaper India, issue 553 2015 Archive 16 December 2019 at Wayback Machine, 8 September 2015. b Lok Sabha passes a citizenship bill amid protests seeking citizenship for non-Muslims from three countries. India today. Received on January 26, 2019. a b c d e f Citizenship Bill, 2019. Highlights, questions and resumes. Legislative research by PRS. December 9, 2019. b Explains: why Assam, Northeast are angry. Indian Express. January 20, 2019. Received on February 14, 2019. a b c Niraja Gopal Jayal (2019), Reconfiguration of Citizenship in Modern India, Journal of South Asian Studies, 42(1), page 37 (context: 33-50), doi:10.10.1080/00856401.2019.1555874 - Roy 2019, p29. - Agreement between AASU, AAGSP and the Central Government on the archive of foreign national issues of December 21, 2019 in the Road Machine, the Assam Agreement, the Archives of the United Nations (August 15, 1985) - Gupte, Kanchan (2019). Aside from the poll rhetoric of the controversial BJP Citizenship Act amendment. Observer Research Foundation. - Chanakya (December 7, 2019). The CAB-NRC package is erroneous and dangerous. Hindustan Times. ASSam NRC: What's Next for 1.9 million stateless Indians?, BBC News, 31 August 2019. Citizenship Act Amendment Bill: Anti-Muslim Law is challenged in an Indian court. Bbc. 12 December 2019. Received on December 16, 2019. Five lah Bengali Hindu NRC rejects citizenship, The Times of India, 11 December 2019. Sanjoy Hazarika, Assam's Confused Web of Citizenship and the Importance of Consensus, Hindu Center for Politics and Public Policy, October 18, 2019. Amit Shah: The NRC apply across the country, no person of any religion should worry. India today. November 20, 2019. Received on December 22, 2019. BJP Manifesto 2019: Top 10 Promises for the Next 5 Years, India Today (April 18, 2019), Quote: We are committed to passing a bill on amendments to citizenship to protect the faces of religious minorities from neighboring countries fleeing persecution. [...] We reaffirm our commitment to protecting the linguistic, cultural and social identity of the people of the North East. Hindus, Jains, Buddhists and Sikhs fleeing persecution from neighbouring Countries will be granted citizenship in India. Bringing ILP to Manipur, 3 NE states will be from CAB. The Times of India. India's new citizenship law outrages Muslims. Economist. December 12, 2019. ISSN 0013-0613. Archive from the original on December 23, 2019. When Amit Shah, India's interior minister, proposed his bill in parliament on December 9, he framed it as an act of mercy. From now on, he promised, people who fled persecution in neighbouring countries and took refuge in India would be given faster access to citizenship. Explained: Why the bill on amendments to the citizenship law is dead, for now. Indian Express. February 13, 2019. Received on February 14, 2019. The controversial Citizenship (Amendment) Bill will be introduced in Lok Sabha on Monday. Wire. December 8, 2019. Citizenship Bill gets Lok Sabha nodded, Rajya Sabha test next. Hindustan Times. December 9, 2019. Citizenship Bill has a smooth sail in Lok Sabha, will Amit Shah clear the Rajya Sabha test?. India today. Ist. December 10, 2019. Citizenship (Amendment) Bill: The U.S. Federal Commission seeks sanctions against Interior Minister Amit Shah. The Times of India. December 10, 2019. Das, Shaswati (December 9, 2019). Amit Shah to the table of the Citizenship Amendment Act in Lok Sabha today. Livemint. a b c Nath, Damini; Singh, Vijaita (December 11, 2019). After a heated debate, Rajya Sabha clears the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill. Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. b CAB is set to be law as the RS passes its 125-105, indefinite curfew and army in Guwahati. The Times of India. December 12, 2019. Citizenship (amendment) Bill receives the consent of the president, becomes an act. Press Trust of India. December 13, 2019 - via The Economic Times. b c d e f Citizenship (amendment), 2019 (PDF). Herald of India. December 12, 2019. Union minister gives citizenship documents to Park refugees. India's prospects. December 21, 2019. Received on December 21, 2019. b Herald India, issue 495 2016 Archive 4 August 2016 at Wayback Machine, 18 July 2016 - Nair, Sobhana K. (November 23, 2019). The NRC is an anti-Indian citizen. Hindu. Nair, Sobhana K. (December 5, 2019). The opposition appeal to people about the trap of the law on amendments to the citizenship law. Hindu. The Citizenship Act will benefit only 31,313, not the Lahams. Deccan Herald. December 15, 2019. The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill for 2019 is a summary of the bill. Legislative research by PRS. Sakha, Abhishek (December 9, 2019). It is explained that where the citizenship (amendment) law does not apply. Indian Express. What is the Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2016?. India today. Received on January 26, 2019. India's parliament is passing a controversial citizenship bill that excludes Muslims. Japan Times. December 12, 2019. ISSN 0447-5763. b Katyar, Prerna (January 4, 2020). In India, Ahmadiyya is Muslim: Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi. Economic times. Received on March 4, 2020. Chowdhury, Dipanjan Roy (June 19, 2019). Ahmadi in Pakistan face persecution, flee to Nepal. Economic times. Received on March 4, 2020. V. Suryanarayan; SAAG (November 16, 2019). Please do justice for Malaich (Hill Country) Tamil refugees from Sri Lanka - OpEd. Eurasia Review. Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner. Refmir India: 1) the legal status of Tibetan refugees; 2) Tibetans' rights to Indian citizenship. Refmir. India: The citizenship bill discriminates against Muslims. Human Rights Watch. December 11, 2019. Reality Check: Before Prime Minister Modi distanced himself from the Panindian NRC, December 23, 2019 Amit Shah, The Indian Express. Rohingya Mohan, Inside India Sham Trials That Could Deprive Millions of Millions VICE News, July 29, 2019. Ravi Agrawal, Kathryn Salam, India betrays her founding father, Foreign Policy, December 17, 2019. But with the new citizenship law, Hindus could potentially claim to be immigrants from Afghanistan, Bangladesh or Pakistan and gain a path to citizenship. Muslims, on the other hand, can be declared foreigners if they cannot produce documentation. - Apurva Vishwalat, Sheriff M. Kaunain, Explained: What the NRC-CAA means to you, The Indian Express, December 25, 2019. Amit Shah stated in parliament that no documents will be offered to those who apply for citizenship under the new law, giving a possible way out for some Hindus potentially excluded from the NRC.... The CAA shield is not available to Muslims. If a Muslim cannot meet the selection criteria for the NRC... she will lose her citizenship when the NRC is published without her name - Kaushik Deca, Everything You Wanted to Know About CAA and NRC, India Today, December 23, 2019. ... since the CAA will grant citizenship to non-Muslim undocumented immigrants from three countries, only Muslim immigrants will be left out when the NRC is deployed. - Shilashri Shankar, as democratic processes are detrimental to citizenship rights, Open Magazine, December 16, 2019. For non-Muslims who may have lived in India for centuries but who do not have a birth certificate, all is not lost. He or she may claim that they have no place to go or that they have fled these neighbouring countries to escape persecution (and have left their papers behind). But a lesser document of a Muslim cannot make such an argument because the CAA does not include Muslim minorities. - Shoaib Daniyal, Four Myths about the Citizenship Bill - From Anti-Religious Persecution to Helping the NRC Excluded, Scroll.in, December 8, 2019. Bhattacharjee, Callol (December 13, 2019). The Guwahati India-Japan summit was cancelled due to protests. Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. India's protests have spread under anti-Muslim law. A Saudi newspaper. December 13, 2019. - b c d Indian protesters block roads because of the citizenship law. Bbc. 14 December 2019. Travel warning for U.S. citizens: Protests in northeastern states. U.S. Embassy and Consulate in India. December 13, 2019. Received on December 14, 2019. The anti-citizenship law protests: the United States, Great Britain, France, Israel issue tourist recommendations. Hindu. December 14, 2019. ISSN 0971-751X. a b Kumar Nath, Gemanta Kumar; Mishra, Ashutosh (December 11, 2019). Shutdown in the Northeast, a furore across the country as the Citizenship Amendment Bill is set for the Rajya Sabha test today. India today. Ravi, Sidhareth (December 11, 2019). Protests against CAB splashes out on the streets of Delhi. Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Citizens are protesting against the bill on amendments to the law on citizenship. Deccan Chronicle. December 9, 2019. Moeen, Ather (December 11, 2019). CAB is causing protests in Hyderabad. Deccan Deccan Internet banned in India's Uttar Pradesh state amid anger over killings Al Jazeera. Received on December 30, 2019. That's 25 people killed during protests against the amendment to the Citizenship Act. Wire. Received on December 29, 2019. Indian-Americans protest against the CAA, nrC in front of the Statue of Gandhi in Washington. Hindu. December 23, 2019. ISSN 0971-751X. Received on December 24, 2019. Billion people on trial: Indian anti-CAA protesters receive support from academics in Melbourne SBS is your language. Received on September 3, 2020. Indo-Australian scientists gather in Melbourne to express solidarity with anti-CAA protesters in India. National Herald. Received on September 3, 2020. Anti-CAA Protests Go Global: Songs of 'Azaadi' Echo in Berlin. Quintus. December 24, 2019. Received on December 25, 2019. Indians in Finland raise slogans, read the preamble at the protest against the CAA in Helsinki. A minute of news. December 22, 2019. Received on January 5, 2020. Citizenship Act: Indian diaspora organizes protests at several universities in the United States, Great Britain and France. Scroll. December 20, 2019. Received on December 28, 2019. CAA Protests: Indian students around the world raise their voices in solidarity. Wire. December 23, 2019. Received on December 28, 2019. India citizenship law protests have spread across campuses. Reuters. December 16, 2019. Received on December 16, 2019. The demonstration was not held on campus, and locals participated in it: Jamia Millia Islamiyah. The Times of India. Anti-CAA protests are not held on campus, says Jamia Administrator. India today. December 15, 2019. Hilal Ahmed, who represents the Muslims of India? Thanks to the CAA protests, we now know the answer, Print, 17 January 2020. Shaheen Bagh: Women occupying the street delhi against the law on citizenship - I do not want to die proving that I am an Indian. Bbc. 4 January 2020. Archive from the original on January 8, 2020. Received on January 13, 2020. Bakshi, Asmita (January 2, 2020). Portraits of Resilience: New Year's Eve in Shaheen Bagh. Livemint. Archive from the original on January 13, 2020. Received on January 13, 2020. Shaheen Bage residents brave the cold as the anti-CAA stir enters Day 15. Hindu. December 29, 2019. ISSN 0971-751X. Archive from the original on January 13, 2020. Received on January 13, 2020. The organizer of the 'Calls' Shaheen Bagh anti-CAA protest, the locals continue the Dharna. Wire. January 2, 2020. Archive from the original on January 13, 2020. Received on January 13, 2020. 7 Dead in Delhi Clashes; The government has ruled out challenging the army, sources say. NDTV.com received on February 25, 2020. - Death toll, Delhi riots 2020 (February 29, 2020). The death toll in the Delhi riots has risen to 42. Economic times. India's prime minister's call for calm as citizenship unrest rages. Bbc. 16 2019. Modi, Narendra (December 16, 2019). I want to unequivocally assure my fellow Indians that the CAA does not affect any citizen citizen any religion. No Indian has anything to worry about about this law. This law is only for those who have faced years of persecution outside and have no other place but India. @narendramodi. Archive from the original on December 16, 2019. Received on December 16, 2019. Prime Minister Narendra Modi was right as long as there is no talk of panindian NRC: Amit Shah. Business standard. December 25, 2019. Received on December 29, 2019. Indian police prohibit protests against the citizenship law. December 19, 2019. Article 144 of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973. indiankanoon.org archive from the original dated September 18, 2019. Received on December 19, 2019. Hundreds detained in India in connection with a protest against citizenship. December 19, 2019. Anti-CAA Protests Live Updates: 19 Delhi Metro stations closed; dozens of detainees in several cities. Business today. CAA protest LIVE: 18 Delhi metro stations closed, protesters defy Section 144. Business standard. ABVP, BJP members walk out pro-citizenship law March in Pune, Business Standard (December 19, 2019) - BSU students hold a rally in support of the CAA and NRC, United News of India (December 17, 2019) - THE BJP holds rallies in West Bengal in support of the citizenship law, The Times of India (December 17, 2019) - THE BJP holds a rally in support of the CAA in Jaipur, Outlook India (December 20, 2019) - A demonstration in support of the CAA in Jaipur, Outlook India (December 20, 2019) - Demonstration in support of the CAA. Hindu. December 21, 2019. ISSN 0971-751X. Protest in Delhi today: People gather in Delhi's Central Park, raising slogans in support of the CAA. The Times of India. December 20, 2019. A human chain in support of the CAA, the NRC formed in Pune, even as protests against the law grow. Hindustan Times. December 22, 2019. Citizenship Act: Hundreds of people form a pro-CAA human chain in Pune. Business Standard India. Pti. 22 December 2019.CS1 maint: Other (link) - AbVP members hold a rally in support of CAA, NRC in Kerala. Business standard. Ani. 10 January 2020.CS1 maint: other (link) - CAA supporters, protesters Of City Hall. The Times of India. Pti. 22 December 2019.CS1 maint: Other (link) - SDPI members have been paid Rs.10000 for attacking leaders supporting caa in Bengaluru: Police. The Times of India. Pti. 17 January 2020.CS1 maint: others (link) - Swings between hope and despair. Telegraph. Colcot. December 13, 2019. Dutta, Tanya (December 14, 2019). Pakistani Hindu migrants celebrate the promise of Indian citizenship while Muslims protest. National. The citizenship law will be implemented, so will the IRN: Nadda after meeting with refugees from Afghanistan. India today. December 19, 2019. As India facilitates the path of citizenship for Hindus, Rohingya Muslims fear expulsion. Reuters. November 15, 2018. Rohingya fear after the CAA, do not want to return to Myanmar. Hindu. December 22, 2019. ISSN 0971-751X. Police warn Rohingya Muslims to remain silent as CAA protests Roil India. HuffPost India. India. December 2019. Rana, Yudhvir (January 31, 2020). Hindus from Pak visit Punjab worry agencies. The Times of India. What you need to know about India's anti-Muslim citizenship bill. Al Jazeera. December 9, 2019. Varma, Anuja and Gyan (December 14, 2019). The president gives CAB consent, five states refuse to comply with it. livemint.com. Nath, Gemanta Kumar (December 20, 2019). Kong government in Punjab, MP, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Puducherry will not implement CAA: Harish Rawat. India today. PM Modi counters that Amit Shah, the BJP manifesto say about bringing the all-India NRC. India today. December 22, 2019. Received on December 23, 2019. a b CAA Challenge: SC lists issue on December 18. One Street Act. March 15, 2020. Received on April 19, 2020. The citizenship law of anti-Muslim citizens is being challenged in a court in India. Bbc. 12 December 2019. Received on December 17, 2019. The citizenship law of anti-Muslim citizens is being challenged in a court in India. Bbc. 12 December 2019. Bagria, Ashok (December 18, 2019). The Supreme Court refuses to stay on the Citizenship Act amendment, issues notice to the center. Hindustan Times. Received on December 18, 2019. CAA: SC is waiting for the Centre's response; Call for Constitution bench references. One Street Act. January 17, 2020. Received on April 19, 2020. CAA: SC is waiting for the Centre's response; Call for Constitution bench references. One Street Act. January 17, 2020. Received on April 19, 2020. CAB can be used by foreign agents to infiltrate India, RAW Has Said said. Wire. December 9, 2019. Received on December 16, 2019. India will face international isolation due to NRC-CAA: Shiv Shankar Menon. Hindu. January 3, 2020. Received on January 3, 2020. Harish Salve says CAB is pro-minority, does not violate Article 14.15 or 21. In the free press magazine. December 11, 2019. - Press Trust of India (December 27, 2019). The CAA is a humanitarian act: an expat bangladeshi minority. Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. The National Sikh Front supports the Citizenship Act. India's prospects. b India will become an unconstitutional ethnocracy: more than 1,000 scientists, scientists are pushing for the repeal of the citizenship bill. India today. December 10, 2019. 1000 scientists come out in support of the CAA. The Times of India. December 22, 2019. Academics, intellectuals issue a joint statement in support of the CAA. India's prospects. December 21, 2019. THE USCIRF raises serious concerns and eyes the Sanctions Recommendation on the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill in India, which passed the lower house today. United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. December 9, 2019. Archive from the original on December 10, 2019. Received on December 10, 2019. The U.S. Federal Commission is seeking sanctions against Amit Shah if the CAB is passed in parliament. India today. December 10, 2019 The CAA has an investigation into the U.S. Lautenberg Amendment. Economic times. January 18, 2020. USCIRF statement about CAB is neither accurate nor justified: MEA. Times Times December 10, 2019. He has no locus standi: MEA on the USCIRF Citizenship Bill application. Economic times. December 10, 2019. The statement of the U.S. Commission on the Citizenship Bill is not accurate: Government. NDTV.com. Raj, Yashwant; H. Laskar, Rezaul (December 11, 2019). The U.S. sanctions group, in response to an amendment to the Citizenship Act, said it was biased. Hindustan Times. Received on December 17, 2019. India has a robust internal debate, Pompeo says of the citizenship law. Hindu. December 19, 2019. ISSN 0971-751X. I don't want to say anything about CAA, it's up to India: Donald Trump. Economic times. February 25, 2020. Received on March 4, 2020. January 30, PTE; 2020; East, 8:49 p.m. The Indian government's hope will solve the problems on CAA: UK News India. The Times of India. Received 27 February 2020.CS1 maint: numerical names: list of authors (link) - Australia: Green MP Tables Movement Against CAA, Calls for a review of trade links with India. Wire. Received on September 3, 2020. Chowdhury, Dipanjan Roy (December 23, 2019). India's Citizenship Amendment Act is an internal matter: Russia. Economic times. CAB: A key ally of India, France calls the internal business of the country CAA. Financial Express. December 16, 2019. Imran Khan blasts the citizenship amendment bill, says it violates bilateral agreements. India today. December 10, 2019. NA Condemns India for Controversial Citizenship Act, Dawn, December 17, 2019. A web table. Pakistani Hindus say the citizenship law is divisive. Week. Received on March 21, 2020. The citizenship amendment bill could weaken India's secular character, Bangladesh's foreign minister said. National Herald. December 12, 2019. Bhattacharjee, Callol (January 19, 2020). A new law on Indian citizenship is not needed, Sheikh Hasina said. Hindu. Received on January 19, 2020. ANI (December 14, 2019). CAA is India's domestic issue: Maldives Speaker Mohamed Nasheed. Business Standard India. People Die: Malaysian Mahathir criticizes India's citizenship law, Al Jazeera and Haider, Suhasini (January 19, 2020). Former Afghan President Hamid Karzai calls on India to treat all minorities, including Muslims, equally. Hindu. Received on January 20, 2020. Kuwaiti MPs express deep concern about the situation of Muslims in India and China. Business in the Persian Gulf. December 26, 2019. Received on February 23, 2020. editorial (January 3, 2020). Bahrain urges India to refrain from implementing the SAA. Bay Insider. Received on February 23, 2020. Mohan, Geeta (February 9, 2020). Sri Lanka Premier Rajapaksa reaches Delhi, says CAA domestic affairs India. India Received on March 4, 2020. India's new citizenship law is fundamentally discriminatory: UN Human Rights Office. UN News. United Nations. December 13, 2019. Archive from the original on December 17, 2019. Received on December 17, 2019. The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights is applying for intervention in the Supreme High Court against the CAA. Hindu. Received on March 21, 2020. EU to India: Hope CAB is in line with the high standards of the Indian constitution. Wire. OIC expresses concern about CAA; says close after the event. Economic times. December 23, 2019. Received on December 31, 2019. The bibliography of the Universal Citizenship Act, 1955 (PDF), Universal Law Publishing Co., United Nations Office of Refugees, 2004 Das, Pushpita (2016), Illegal Migration from Bangladesh: Deportation, Border Fences and Work Permits (PDF), Institute for Defense Research and Analysis, ISBN 978-93-82169-69-7 Gillan, Michael (2007), or Refugee Infiltrators? Bharatiya Janata Party and Illegal Migration from Bangladesh, Asian Research Review, 26 (1): 73-95, doi:10.1080/10357820208713331, ISSN 1035-7823, S2CID 14652066 Jayal, Niraja Gopal (2013), Citizenship and His Discontent: Indian History, Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-06758-5 Jayal, Niraja Gopala (2019), Reconfiguration of Citizenship in Modern India, South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 42 (1): 33-50, doi:10.1080/00856401.2019.1555874, ISSN 0085-6401, S2CID 151037291 Gupta, Kanchan (2019), In addition to the poll rhetoric of the controversial amendment to the law on citizenship OF the BJP, Observer Research Foundation Kudaisya, Gyanesh (2006). Divided landscapes, fragmented identities: East Bengal refugees and their rehabilitation in India, 1947-79. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography. 17 (1): 24–39. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9493.1996.tb00082.x. ISSN 0129-7619. Nakatani, Tetsuya (2000), Away from Home : The Movement and Settlement of Refugees from East Pakistan in West Bengal, India, Journal of the Japanese Association for South Asian Studies, 2000 (12): 73–109, doi:10.11384/jjasas1989.2000.73 Poddar, Mihika (2018), The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2016: international law on religion-based discrimination and naturalisation law, Indian Law Review, 2 (1): 108–118, doi:10.1080/24730580.2018.1512290, S2CID 158325181 Ranjan, Amit (2019), National Register of Citizen Update: History and its impact, Asian Ethnicity: 1–17, doi:10.1080/14631369.2019.1629274 Roy, Anupama (2010), Mapping Citizenship in India, OUP India, ISBN 978-0-19-908820-1 Roy, Anupama (14 December 2019), The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2016 and the Aporia of Citizenship, Economic and Political Weekly, 54 (49) Roy, Haimanti (2013), Partitioned Lives: Migrants, Refugees, Citizens in India and Pakistan , 1947-65, OUP India, ISBN 978-0-19-808177-7 Sadiq, Kamal (2008), Paper Citizens: How illegal immigrants acquire citizenship in developing countries, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-970780-5 Sarker, Shuvro Prosun (2017), Refugee Act in India: Path from ambiguity to protection, Springer, ISBN 978-981-10-4807-4 Sen, Uditi (2018), Civic Refugee: Indian Refugee: Formation of Indian Refugee: Indian Refugee: Formation of Indian after the section, University of Cambridge ISBN 978-1-108-42561-2 Shamshad, Rizwana (2017), Bangladeshi Migrants in India: Foreigners, Refugees, or Infiltrators?, OUP India, ISBN 978-0-19-909159-1 Sharma, Chetna (2019), Citizenship Amendment Bill 2016: Continuities and contestations with special reference to politics in Assam, India, Asian Ethnicity, 20 (4): 522–540, doi:10.1080/14631369.2019.1601993, S2CID 150837053 Sinharay, Praskanva (2019), To Be a Hindu Citizen: Politics of Dalit Migrants in Contemporary West Bengal, South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 42 (2): 359–374, doi:10.1080/00856401.2019.1581696, S2CID 150566285 Weiner, Myron (June 1983), The Political Demography of Assam's Anti-Immigrant Movement, Population and Development Review, Population Council, 9 (2): 279–292, doi:10.2307/1973053, JSTOR 1973053 Further reading The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2016 – Highlights and Summary by PRS Legislative Research. Constitutionality of the Amendments to the Citizenship Act, 2019 - The timing of a hearing in the Supreme Court of India on one legal street. External wikimedia Commons links have media related to the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019. Wikiquote has quotes related to: Citizenship Act (Amendment), 2019 Wikisource has the original text related to this article: Citizenship Act (Amendment), 2019 Citizenship (Amendment), 2019. Herald of India. (2019) Notice of Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019, Herald of India. (January 10, 2020) Report on the population of refugees in India, Human Rights Law Network, November 2007. Passport (Entry to India) Rules of Amendment, 2015 and Foreigners (Amendment) Order, 2015, Herald of India No. 553, 8 September 2015. Citizenship (amendment) bill introduced in Lok Sabha, 2016, PRS Legislative Research, 2016. Report of the Joint Parliamentary Committee, Secretariat lok Sabha, 2019 (through legislative research PRS). The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, introduced in Lok Sabha, 2019, through the PRS Legislative Studies, 2019. The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill adopted by Lok Sabha, 2019, through PRS Legislative Research, 2019. Received from (amendment) _Act, '2019-oldid-983102671 (Amendment) _Act,'2019-oldid-983102671

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