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Identificación De Culicoides Spp. Como Vectores Del Virus Lengua Azul En Áreas De Ovinos Seropositivos De Pucallpa, Ucayali

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Identificación De Culicoides Spp. Como Vectores Del Virus Lengua Azul En Áreas De Ovinos Seropositivos De Pucallpa, Ucayali UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS FACULTAD DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA UNIDAD DE POSGRADO Identificación de Culicoides spp. como vectores del virus Lengua Azul en áreas de ovinos seropositivos de Pucallpa, Ucayali TESIS Para optar el Grado Académico de Magíster en Ciencias Veterinarias con mención en Salud Animal AUTOR Dennis Alexander NAVARRO MAMANI ASESOR Hermelinda RIVERA GERÓNIMO Lima – Perú 2017 DEDICATORIA Dedicó este trabajo a mi madre, Maria, que con su demostración de una madre ejemplar me ha enseñado a no desfallecer ni rendirme ante nada y siempre perseverar. A mi asesora la Dra. Hermelinda Rivera por su valiosa guía y asesoramiento, quien con su ejemplo me ha mostrado la dedicación y pasión por el trabajo que uno realiza AGRADECIMIENTOS En primer lugar, al Laboratorio de Microbiología y Parasitología, Sección Virología de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, lugar donde se ejecutó y planificó el presente trabajo. En sentido especial, a la Mg. MV. Hermelinda Rivera Gerónimo, quien me asesoró en la ejecución de este trabajo de investigación. Al Instituto Veterinario de Investigaciones tropicales y de Altura Pucallpa (IVITA- PUCALLPA), donde se realizó la colecta de los insectos capturados. En sentido especial, al Mg. MV. Juan Alexander Rondon Espinoza, quien me contacto con las granjas y coordinó los muestreos. Al Mg. Blgo. Abraham Germán Cáceres Lázaro, quien brindo su gentil colaboración en el diseño del proyecto y en la identificación de especies de Culicoides spp. capturados al igual que el Instituto de Ecología A.C (INECOL), Xalapa, Veracruz-México. Lugar donde realicé una estancia para la capacitación en sistematización de Culicoides spp. En especial al Dr. Sergio Ibáñez Bernal, quien estuvo dispuesto a aceptarme en el departamento de Entomología del INECOL, y me capacitó en la identificación de Culicoides spp. Laboratorio de Microbiología y Parasitología, sección Inmunología, Mg. MV. Alberto Manchego Sayán y PhD. Miguel Rojas Montes, quienes me asesoraron en el diseño de cebadores y en la estandarización de la prueba de PCR y PCR anidado. Laboratorio de Microbiología y Parasitología, Sección Parasitología, ya que me permitió el uso de sus equipos para la identificación de Culicoides spp. En especial, a la Mg. MV. Amanda Cristiana Chávez Velásquez de García, siempre dispuesta a apoyarme. INDICE RESUMEN..................................................................................................................................... i ABSTRACT..................................................................................................................................ii LISTA DE FIGURAS ..................................................................................................................iii LISTA DE CUADROS ................................................................................................................. v LISTA DE ANEXOS................................................................................................................... vi I. INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................................ 1 II. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA ........................................................................................ 4 1.IMPORTANCIA DE LA PRODUCCIÓN OVINA EN EL PERÚ ....................................... 4 2.GENERALIDADES DEL GÉNERO Culicoides spp. ........................................................... 6 3.TAXONOMÍA ....................................................................................................................... 6 4.MORFOLOGÍA ..................................................................................................................... 7 4.1 Huevo .............................................................................................................................. 7 4.2 Larva................................................................................................................................ 7 4.3 Pupa................................................................................................................................. 7 4.4 Adulto.............................................................................................................................. 8 5.CICLO BIOLÓGICO............................................................................................................. 9 5.1 Ciclo de desarrollo........................................................................................................... 9 5. 2 Ciclo gonotrófico.......................................................................................................... 10 6.HÁBITOS ALIMENTICIOS ............................................................................................... 10 7.PREFERENCIAS DE HOSPEDEROS................................................................................ 11 8.DISTRIBUCIÓN Y HÁBITATS ......................................................................................... 12 9.DINÁMICA DE CULICOIDES........................................................................................... 13 10.IDENTIFICACIÓN DE MOSQUITOS DEL GÉNERO Culicoides spp........................... 14 10.1 Cabeza: ........................................................................................................................ 14 10.2 Patas: ........................................................................................................................... 16 10.3 Abdomen. .................................................................................................................... 16 10.4 Espermateca ................................................................................................................ 16 10.5 Hipopigium.................................................................................................................. 16 10.6 Alas.............................................................................................................................. 17 11.IDENTIFICACIÓN DE ESPECIES DE Culicoides spp. .................................................. 17 11.1 Las nervaduras............................................................................................................. 17 11.2 Celdas ......................................................................................................................... 18 11.3 Los elementos anexos.................................................................................................. 19 12.PRINCIPALES ESPECIES DE Culicoides spp. REGISTRADAS EN LA REGIÓN NEOTROPICAL Y PERÚ...................................................................................................... 19 12.1 Culicoides insignis....................................................................................................... 19 12.2 Culicoides pusillus....................................................................................................... 21 12.3 Culicoides paraensis ................................................................................................... 21 12. 4 Culicoides foxi............................................................................................................ 22 13.MÉTODOS DE CAPTURA............................................................................................... 24 13.1 Trampa Onderstepoort:................................................................................................ 24 13. 2 Trampa mini-CDC...................................................................................................... 25 14.IMPORTANCIA DE LOS Culicoides spp. COMO VECTORES DE ARBOVIRUS....... 25 14.1 VIRUS OROPOUCHE (vORO).................................................................................. 27 14.2 VIRUS DE PESTE EQUINA AFRICANA (PEA) ..................................................... 27 14.3 VIRUS DE SCHMALLENBERG (SBV) ................................................................... 27 14. 4 VIRUS DE AKABANE (AKAV) .............................................................................. 27 14. 5 VIRUS DE LA ENFERMEDAD HEMORRÁGICA EPIZOÓTICA (VEHE).......... 28 15.VIRUS DE LENGUA AZUL ............................................................................................ 29 16.CLASIFICACIÓN TAXONÓMICA ................................................................................. 30 17.CARACTERÍSTICAS MORFOLÓGICAS....................................................................... 31 18.PROTEÍNAS ESTRUCTURALES.................................................................................... 31 18.1 VP2.............................................................................................................................. 31 18.2 VP5.............................................................................................................................. 32 18.3 LAS PROTEÍNAS DEL CORE MAYOR: VP3 y VP7 .............................................. 32 18. 4 LA PROTEÍNAS DEL COMPLEJO TRANSCRIPSIONAL: VP1, VP4 y VP6....... 32 19.PROTEÍNAS NO ESTRUCTURALES............................................................................. 33 19.1 NS1.............................................................................................................................. 33 19.2 NS2.............................................................................................................................. 33 19.3 NS3 y NS3a ................................................................................................................
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