DOCSLIB.ORG

Chamaecrista Fasciculata in Tallgrass and Sand Prairies: the Potential for Differential Responses

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chamaecrista Fasciculata in Tallgrass and Sand Prairies: the Potential for Differential Responses Illinois State University ISU ReD: Research and eData Theses and Dissertations 6-27-2018 Chamaecrista Fasciculata In Tallgrass And Sand Prairies: The Potential For Differential Responses Robert W. Philips Illinois State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/etd Part of the Botany Commons, and the Evolution Commons Recommended Citation Philips, Robert W., "Chamaecrista Fasciculata In Tallgrass And Sand Prairies: The Potential For Differential Responses" (2018). Theses and Dissertations. 918. https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/etd/918 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ISU ReD: Research and eData. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ISU ReD: Research and eData. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHAMAECRISTA FASCICULATA IN TALLGRASS AND SAND PRAIRIES: THE POTENTIAL FOR DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSES ROBERT W. PHILIPS 90 Pages Successful establishment of a diversity of native species has become an important goal for restoration site managers to achieve, however as seed sources for a species may occur in habitats with different abiotic and biotic characteristics. Consequently, seeds from different sources may vary in their success in a restoration. Chamaecrista fasciculata, a native prairie species, occurs in two divergent prairie types - tallgrass and sand prairies. Tallgrass prairies have a moist soil with dense vegetation; in contrast, sand prairies have a well-drained sandy soil with sparse vegetation. I propose differential selection acting on populations in these prairie types would affect their seeds success in restorations. Given the denser vegetation of the tallgrass prairies, plants must be capable of competing for light resources, thus I predict the plants from tallgrass seed sources have a better competitor tolerance and would be more successful in a reconstructed tallgrass prairie. To assess the effect of sand vs. tallgrass prairie seed sources, I conducted a greenhouse and a common garden study. In the greenhouse study, all plants from the three tallgrass and three sand prairies were reduced in height, biomass, and fruit production when exposed to a competitor (Schizachyrium scoparium). Further, sand prairie plants had greater fruit production while tallgrass prairie plants flowered and senesced earlier. In the common garden study, plants within the no trim treatment had a greater relative leaf area lost to herbivory in late seasonal measurements. However, my results found no evidence of tallgrass seed sources showing any greater competitive tolerance or relative success in comparison to sand prairie seed sources in the greenhouse and common garden studies. Still, different prairie types were found to differ in some observed traits in a greenhouse setting. Further study is necessary to determine if the observed differences in the greenhouse and the native prairies would impact restorations. KEYWORDS: Tallgrass Prairie, Sand Prairie, Ecotypes, Seed Sources CHAMAECRISTA FASCICULATA IN TALLGRASS AND SAND PRAIRIES: THE POTENTIAL FOR DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSES ROBERT W. PHILIPS A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE School of Biological Sciences ILLINOIS STATE UNIVERSITY 2018 Copyright 2018 Robert W. Philips CHAMAECRISTA FASCICULATA IN TALLGRASS AND SAND PRAIRIES: THE POTENTIAL FOR DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSES ROBERT W. PHILIPS COMMITTEE MEMBERS: Diane Byers, Chair Victoria Borowicz Benjamin Sadd ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank Diane Byers, Vickie Borowicz, and Ben Sadd for their assistance with my research and being a part of my committee. Further, I would like to thank Joe Oremus and Victoria DeMichel for their help in both the common garden and greenhouse studies and Phi Sigma and Illinois State University for funding. Finally, I would like to thank the Illinois Department of Natural Resources for allowing me to collect seeds from their sites, John Franklin for allowing me to perform a common garden study on his property, and Tim Lindenbaum for providing historical information about the sites restoration methods and previous land uses. R. W. P. i CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS i TABLES iv FIGURES v CHAPTER I: IS THERE A DIFFERENCE IN THE COMPETITIVE RESPONSE OF CHAMAECRISTA FASCICULATA FROM SAND VS. TALLGRASS PRAIRIES? 1 Introduction 1 Methods 5 Study Species 5 Prairie Seed Sources 6 Experimental Design 7 Plant Assessment 8 Statistical Analyses 9 Results 10 Discussion 12 References 16 Tables 25 Figures 35 CHAPTER II: DOES SEED SOURCE OF CHAMAECRISTA FASCICULATA AFFECT ITS SUCCESS IN A RESTORED TALLGRASS PRAIRIE 43 Introduction 43 Methods 48 ii Study Species 48 Seed Source Population 49 Experimental Site 50 Experimental Design 51 Plant Assessment 52 Arthropod Assessment 54 Statistical Analyses 55 Results 56 Discussion 59 References 62 Tables 69 Figures 74 APPENDIX A: FIELD SITE SEED COLLECTION INFORMATION 80 APPENDIX B: SPECIES COMPOSITION IN FIELD SITE SAMPLE PLOTS 83 APPENDIX C: ARTHROPOD SURVEY INFORMATION 89 iii TABLES Table Page 1. Prairie Soil Characteristics 25 2. Natural Prairie Vegetation Data 27 3. Repeated Measures Height Analysis 28 4. Profile Analysis for Height 29 5. Aboveground Biomass Nested ANOVA 30 6. Fruit Biomass Nested ANOVA 31 7. Fruit Production Nested Factorial ANOVA 32 8. Developmental Nested Factorial MANOVA 33 9. Growth Rate Split-Plot MANOVA Analysis 69 10. Biomass Split-Plot MANOVA Analysis 70 11. Nectar Production Split-Plot ANOVA Analysis 71 12. Relative Leaf Area Lost to Herbivory, Measurement 1, Split- Plot ANOVA Analysis 72 13. Relative Leaf Area Lost to Herbivory, Measurement 2, Split- Plot ANOVA Analysis 73 iv FIGURES Figure Page 1. Mean Height 35 2. Biomass Production by Competition Treatment 36 3. Fruit Production by Competition Treatment 37 4. Fruit Production by Prairie Type 38 5. Days to Flowering and Senescence by Treatment 39 6. Height at Flowering Day and Senescence by Treatment 40 7. Height at Flowering Day and Senescence by Prairie Type 41 8. Days to Flowering and Senescence by Prairie Type 42 9. Field Study Mean Height 74 10. Field Aboveground Biomass 75 11. Field Fruit Biomass 76 12. Nectar Production 77 13. Relative Impact of Herbivory (July 24-25) 78 14. Relative Impact of Herbivory (August 30-September 1) 79 v CHAPTER I: IS THERE A DIFFERENCE IN THE COMPETITIVE RESPONSE OF CHAMAECRISTA FASCICULATA FROM SAND VS. TALLGRASS PRAIRIES? Introduction Species that occur across a wide geographic range are often present in multiple environmental types (Lindborg and Eriksson 2004; Lowry and Willis 2010). Differences in the characteristics of environments often lead to contrasting selection within species resulting in phenotypically and genetically distinct ecotypes within a species as found in the classic study by Clausen et al. (1948). This study and associated research were the first to use a reciprocal transplant approach to assess local adaptation across an environmental gradient. One of their results showed that populations of Achillea which varied in height in their native populations when grown in a series of experimental elevation gardens, provided evidence that the variation among population for height must be at least partly genetic (Clausen et al. 1948). Further, in a study conducted by Lowry and Willis (2010), populations of Mimulus guttatus found in contrasting habitat types were found to differ in their life histories. Specifically, populations found in moist coastal habitats were perennials while populations found in dry inland habitats were annuals (Lowry and Willis 2010). These ecotypes are better suited to a certain environment than other populations of the same species, which may be suited to another habitat (Clausen et al. 1948; Lowry and Willis 2010). Environments across a species range can vary in both abiotic factors (soil, temperature, moisture, seasonal climate patterns) and biotic factors (competitors, predators, mutualists) (Leimu and Fischer 2008). Populations located within different environments would be exposed to different biotic and abiotic selection pressures, and consequently traits of species would be 1 expected to diverge in their responses depending on the specific environmental conditions. The response to this selection will be dependent on phenotypic and genetic diversity for the particular traits that can enable species to survive and reproduce in particular environmental conditions. If so, divergent selection can lead to populations with unique trait values (Endler 1986). The potential for differential adaptation due to environmental variation has been documented in a diversity of plant species (Clausen et al. 1948; Johnson et al. 2010; Lowry and Willis 2010; Finney et al. 2016). Contrasting selection by environmental conditions can result in genetically distinct ecotypes that show greater fitness in a similar vs. alternative habitat. In reciprocal transplant studies, ecotypes have shown greater fitness and reproductive success in their native habitat versus the alternate habitat and exhibit different life history strategies (Lowry and Willis 2010). Further, ecotypes have shown to exhibit differential responses when placed in the same habit, where the local ecotype produces greater aboveground biomass (Finney et al. 2016) or has a more beneficial symbiotic relationship with soil microbes (Johnson et al. 2010). Prairie plants that are distributed across a large geographic range and can be subject to different selective
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Genetic Diversity of Chamaecrista Fasciculata (Fabaceae) from the USDA Germplasm Collection
    University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Faculty Publications College of Agriculture and Life Sciences 3-4-2019 Genetic diversity of Chamaecrista fasciculata (Fabaceae) from the USDA germplasm collection Erika Bueno University of Vermont Ted Kisha USDA Agricultural Research Service, Washington DC Sonja L. Maki Carleton College, USA Eric J.B. Von Wettberg University of Vermont Susan Singer Carleton College, USA Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/calsfac Part of the Community Health Commons, Human Ecology Commons, Nature and Society Relations Commons, Place and Environment Commons, and the Sustainability Commons Recommended Citation Bueno E, Kisha T, Maki SL, von Wettberg EJ, Singer S. Genetic diversity of Chamaecrista fasciculata (Fabaceae) from the USDA germplasm collection. BMC research notes. 2019 Dec 1;12(1):117. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Bueno et al. BMC Res Notes (2019) 12:117 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4152-0 BMC Research Notes RESEARCH NOTE Open Access Genetic diversity of Chamaecrista fasciculata (Fabaceae) from the USDA germplasm collection Erika Bueno1, Ted Kisha2, Sonja L. Maki3,4, Eric J. B. von Wettberg1* and Susan Singer3,5 Abstract Objective: Chamaecrista fasciculata is a widespread annual legume across Eastern North America, with potential as a restoration planting, biofuel crop, and genetic model for non-papillinoid legumes.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollinator-Friendly Plants for the Northeast United States
    Pollinator-Friendly Plants for the Northeast United States for more information on pollinators and outreach, please click here Information provided in the following document was obtained from a variety of sources and field research conducted at the USDA NRCS Big Flats Plant Materials Center. Sources of information can be found by clicking here. Pollinator rating values were provided by the Xerces Society as well as past and current research. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250- 9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. USDA is committed to making its information materials accessible to all USDA customers and employees. Table of Contents Click on species to jump to that page • Purple Giant Hyssop •
    [Show full text]
  • Forage and Habitat for Pollinators in the Northern Great Plains—Implications for U.S
    Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forage and Habitat for Pollinators in the Northern Great Plains—Implications for U.S. Department of Agriculture Conservation Programs Open-File Report 2020–1037 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey A B C D E F G H I Cover. A, Bumble bee (Bombus sp.) visiting a locowood flower. Photograph by Stacy Simanonok, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). B, Honey bee (Apis mellifera) foraging on yellow sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis). Photograph by Sarah Scott, USGS. C, Two researchers working on honey bee colonies in a North Dakota apiary. Photograph by Elyssa McCulloch, USGS. D, Purple prairie clover (Dalea purpurea) against a backdrop of grass. Photograph by Stacy Simanonok, USGS. E, Conservation Reserve Program pollinator habitat in bloom. Photograph by Clint Otto, USGS. F, Prairie onion (Allium stellatum) along the slope of a North Dakota hillside. Photograph by Mary Powley, USGS. G, A researcher assesses a honey bee colony in North Dakota. Photograph by Katie Lee, University of Minnesota. H, Honey bee foraging on alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Photograph by Savannah Adams, USGS. I, Bee resting on woolly paperflower (Psilostrophe tagetina). Photograph by Angela Begosh, Oklahoma State University. Front cover background and back cover, A USGS research transect on a North Dakota Conservation Reserve Program field in full bloom. Photograph by Mary Powley, USGS. Forage and Habitat for Pollinators in the Northern Great Plains—Implications for U.S. Department of Agriculture Conservation Programs By Clint R.V. Otto, Autumn Smart, Robert S. Cornman, Michael Simanonok, and Deborah D. Iwanowicz Prepared in cooperation with the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • MAY 2016 MONTHLY MEETING CHAPTER ACTIVITIES at a GLANCE Tuesday, May 24, 2016, 7:30 P.M
    MAY 2016 MONTHLY MEETING CHAPTER ACTIVITIES AT A GLANCE Tuesday, May 24, 2016, 7:30 p.m. Pinecrest Gardens, 11000 SW 57 Ave. (Red Road), Miami MAY Free and open to the public 15 (Sun.): Field trip (Collier-Seminole State Park) 24 (Tue.): Meeting at Pinecrest Gardens (with Annual Refreshments begin at 7:15 pm. Merchandise sales are before Chapter Meeting and election of board) and after the program. The plant raffle follows the program. JUNE Please label your raffle plant donations. Contributions of 5 (Sun.): Field trip (Camp Owaissa Bauer) raffle items and refreshments are always greatly appreciated. 28 (Tue.): Meeting at Pinecrest Gardens Our brief Annual Meeting to elect the new chapter board will be TBA: Chapter Workday, Everglades National Park held before the program. May 19-22: Annual FNPS Conference, Daytona Beach “Our Native Orchids: The Florida-Cuba Connection” - Chuck McCartney Orchids, including many of our native species, are among the Of Cuba's estimated 312 orchid species, Florida shares about 63 first flowers he remembers as a child growing up in Homestead. of them. With only a few exceptions, most of them probably He has been a longtime member of the Florida Native Plant blew onto our shores (or got here by other natural means) from Society and prior to that was a member of the original Native our large Greater Antilles neighbor to the south. This program Plant Workshop. will take a look at these shared species. ● June 28: "Native Plants and Other Wilds of the Big Cypress National Preserve" – Steve Woodmansee Could you host our summer evening yard visit and social meeting on a weekend in July? You don’t have to have a “perfect” landscape or totally native yard.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Iowa Native Prairie Plants
    Introduction to Iowa Native Prairie Plants The Iowa tallgrass prairie developed over the past 9,000 to 10,000 years, after the retreat of the last glaciers. The ecosystem that developed as a prairie consisted of communities of grasses, forbs, insects, and other animals. Prairie communities vary depending on the environment. Plants and animals in these communities adapted and evolved to survive a range of conditions from hot and dry to moist and boggy. SUL 18 Revised August 2008 Introduction to Iowa Native Prairie Plants 1 beauty, weed management, wildlife g They are resistant or tolerant to habitat, and the reduction of soil most insect pests and diseases. erosion and runoff. When planning a garden of native plants, it is a good g A blend of native species provides idea to visit other gardens that have season-long color and interest. native plantings or to visit public gardens to see the size, form, and g Native species are members of spread of the plants you would like a plant and animal community to grow. Local prairie enthusiasts that balances itself when there is a or conservationists organize prairie diverse assemblage of species. This walks that can be a source of specific natural balance keeps native plants information about prairies. A visit to from becoming invasive. a prairie enables you to see different plants in their natural setting. g They attract butterflies by serving as host plants for caterpillars and TRAER, TAMA COUNTY, IOWA There are many advantages to nectar plants for butterflies. growing native plants: Introduction to g Growing native plants is a fun Iowa Native Prairie Plants g Native plants are well adapted to learning process.
    [Show full text]
  • Chamaecrista Fasciculata) from Mississippi Persists in a Common Garden
    Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Biological Sciences Faculty Publications Biological Sciences 2020 Phenotypic Variation of Partridge Pea (Chamaecrista fasciculata) from Mississippi Persists in a Common Garden Lisa E. Wallace Old Dominion University, [email protected] Mahboubeh Hosseinalizadeh-Nobarinezhad Robert Coltharp Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_fac_pubs Part of the Biology Commons, and the Botany Commons Original Publication Citation Wallace, L. E., Hosseinalizadeh-Nobarinezhad, M., & Coltharp, R. (2020). Phenotypic variation of partridge pea (Chamaecrista fasciculata) from Mississippi persists in a common garden. Castanea, 85(1), 93-107. https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.85.1.93 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CASTANEA 85(1): 93–107 January Copyright 2020 Southern Appalachian Botanical Society Phenotypic Variation of Partridge Pea (Chamaecrista fasciculata) from Mississippi Persists in a Common Garden Lisa E Wallace1*, Mahboubeh Hosseinalizadeh-Nobarinezhad2, and Robert Coltharp2 1Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529 2Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 ABSTRACT Intraspecific phenotypic variation occurs for many different reasons and understanding its basis has applications in taxonomy, ecology, and evolution. Chamaecrista fasciculata (partridge pea) is a widely distributed species with much phenotypic variation and varied interactions with other species in communities where it grows. Botanists have often noted that phenotypic variation in some traits of this species increases from north to south in the eastern United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Nitrogen-Fixing Symbionts of Chamaecrista Fasciculata (Partridge Pea) Across Variable Soils Hanna E
    Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Biological Sciences Faculty Publications Biological Sciences 2019 Diversity of Nitrogen-Fixing Symbionts of Chamaecrista fasciculata (Partridge Pea) Across Variable Soils Hanna E. Dorman Lisa E. Wallace Old Dominion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_fac_pubs Part of the Plant Breeding and Genetics Commons Repository Citation Dorman, Hanna E. and Wallace, Lisa E., "Diversity of Nitrogen-Fixing Symbionts of Chamaecrista fasciculata (Partridge Pea) Across Variable Soils" (2019). Biological Sciences Faculty Publications. 382. https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_fac_pubs/382 Original Publication Citation Dorman, H. E., & Wallace, L. E. (2019). Diversity of nitrogen-fixing symbionts of Chamaecrista fasciculata (Partridge pea) across variable soils. Southeastern Naturalist, 18(1), 147-164. doi:10.1656/058.018.0110 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 20192019 SOUTHEASTERNSoutheastern NaturalistNATURALIST 18(1):147–164Vol. 18, No. 1 H.E. Dorman and L.E. Wallace Diversity of Nitrogen-Fixing Symbionts of Chamaecrista fasciculata (Partridge Pea) Across Variable Soils Hanna E. Dorman1 and Lisa E. Wallace2,* Abstract - We evaluated whether geographic distance and soil characteristics influence genetic structure of nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbionts associated with the host plant Chamaecrista fasciculata (Partridge Pea). We tested phylogeographic clustering and asso- ciations between genetic distance, geographic distance, and soil variables using sequences of 2 bacterial genes and soil chemistry across 23 sites in Mississippi.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Life History Traits of Rare Versus Frequent Plant Taxa of Sandplains: Implications for Research and Management Trials
    BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION 136 (2007) 44– 52 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Plant life history traits of rare versus frequent plant taxa of sandplains: Implications for research and management trials Elizabeth J. Farnsworth* Harvard University, Harvard Forest, 324 North Main Street, P.O. Box 68, Petersham, MA 01366, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: I apply a comparative, functional group approach to coastal sandplain grassland taxa in Received 10 May 2006 order to examine whether rare plant species share certain aspects of rarity and life history Received in revised form characters that are distinct from their more common, co-occurring congeners in these hab- 14 September 2006 itats. I compiled a comparative data set containing 16 variables describing biogeographic Accepted 26 October 2006 distributions, level of imperilment, habitat specialization, vegetative versus sexual repro- Available online 8 December 2006 duction, seed dispersal, and dormancy of 27 closely-related pairs of plant species that con- trast in their abundance (infrequent versus common) in coastal sandplain grasslands. Keywords: Frequent and infrequent species were paired within genera (or closely related genera) Sandplains and thus distributed equivalently across families to control for phylogenetic bias. Paired Plants comparisons revealed that infrequent species were intrinsically rarer range-wide, and Rarity exhibited a narrower range and more habitat specialization than their common relatives. Life history A classification tree distinguished infrequent species from common species on the basis Comparative method of higher habitat specialization, larger seed size, smaller plant height, less reliance less on vegetative (colonial) reproduction, and tendency toward annual or biennial life history.
    [Show full text]
  • INOCULATED LEGUMES and REVEGETATION/ROADSIDE June 2004 PLANTINGS 6
    2004-32 Final Report INOCULATED LEGUMES AND REVEGETATION/ROADSIDE PLANTINGS Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. 3. Recipients Accession No. MN/RC – 2004-32 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date INOCULATED LEGUMES AND REVEGETATION/ROADSIDE June 2004 PLANTINGS 6. 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Peter H. Graham, Ph.D Becki Tlusty Elena Beyhaut 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Project/Task/Work Unit No. Department of Soil, Water, and Climate University of Minnesota 11. Contract (C) or Grant (G) No. 439 Borlaug Hall (c) 74708 (wo) 178 1991 Upper Buford Circle St Paul, MN 55108 12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Minnesota Department of Transportation Final Report Research Services Section 395 John Ireland Boulevard Mail Stop 330 14. Sponsoring Agency Code St. Paul, Minnesota 55155 15. Supplementary Notes http://www.lrrb.org/PDF/200432.pdf 16. Abstract (Limit: 200 words) In response to the vast loss of prairie area in western and southern Minnesota and the concern over plant genetic loss and soil erosion that resulted, this study set to determine the success of prairie reconstruction along Minnesota roadways. Areas around rest stops on major highways were seeded with prairie plants. As nitrogen is commonly limited in natural environments, legumes- known for their ability to fix nitrogen in symbiosis- were included in the prairie reconstruction plant mixes. However, not all of the land area contains sufficient rhizobia to maintain the legumes. Therefore, inoculation with rhizobia was necessary. The predominate goal of this study was the establishment, inoculation and continuing observation for traits associated with nodulation and nitrogen fixation of prairie lands of different ages at the University of Minnesota Sandplain Experiment Station in Becker, Minnesota.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Bee Visitation on Florida Native Wildflowers
    NATIVE BEE VISITATION ON FLORIDA NATIVE WILDFLOWERS By KATHARINE D. BUCKLEY A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2011 1 © 2011 Katharine D. Buckley 2 To those who knew I was weird and encouraged me to study bugs anyway 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank my advisor, Dr. Jamie Ellis, and committee members Drs. Jaret Daniels and Glenn Hall for all their advice and guidance. I thank Dr. David Jarzen for the generous gift of the use of his laboratory, supplies and expertise in palynology. I thank James Colee for helping me with statistics. I also thank my fellow graduate students Eddie Atkinson, Jason Graham, Pablo Herrera, and Dr. J. Akers Pence as well as research technicians Jeanette Klopchin, Mark Dykes, Michelle Kelley, Jonnie Dietz and Ben King for their help and support. I especially thank my family for their love and encouragement of my desire to study bugs, including letting me keep a tarantula in my bedroom. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ 7 LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................... 8 ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Alan S. Weakley, Derick B. Poindexter, Hannah C. Medford
    STUDIES IN THE VASCULAR FLORA OF THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES. VII Alan S. Weakley, Derick B. Poindexter, Hannah C. Medford UNC-CH Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Campus Box 3280, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280, U.S.A. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Alan R. Franck Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Florida 33199, U.S.A., [email protected] Keith A. Bradley South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Heritage Trust Program, 1000 Assembly Street Columbia, South Carolina 29202, U.S.A. and A.C. Moore Herbarium (USCH), University of South Carolina, [email protected] Jimi Sadle Everglades and Dry Tortugas National Parks, 40001 State Road 9336 Homestead, Florida 33034, U.S.A. [email protected] John Michael Kelley 8012 Blanchard Furrh Road, Shreveport, Louisiana 71107, U.S.A. [email protected] ABSTRACT As part of ongoing efforts to understand, document, and conserve the flora of southeastern North America, we propose two new species, the recognition of a usually synonymized variety, the acceptance of two species of Waltheria as being present in peninsular Florida, taxonomic acceptance of a sometimes deprecated species transferred with a new name into a different genus, and we clarify the distribution and ecology of a species. In Carex (Cyperaceae), we re-analyze infrataxa in Carex intumescens and recommend the recognition of two varieties, a taxo- nomic schema first proposed in 1893, but usually not followed in the 128 years since. In Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae), a careful assessment of south Florida material of Euphorbia subg.
    [Show full text]
  • Top-Down and Bottom-Up Effects on Plant Reproduction and Dispersal in Grassland Systems Lauren Lavins Sullivan Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2014 Top-down and bottom-up effects on plant reproduction and dispersal in grassland systems Lauren Lavins Sullivan Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Sullivan, Lauren Lavins, "Top-down and bottom-up effects on plant reproduction and dispersal in grassland systems" (2014). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 14298. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/14298 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Top-down and bottom-up effects on plant reproduction and dispersal in grassland systems by Lauren Sullivan A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Program of Study Committee: W. Stan Harpole, Co-Major Professor Brent J. Danielson, Co-Major Professor Karen C. Abbott Philip M. Dixon Kirk A. Moloney Brian J. Wilsey Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2014 Copyright c Lauren Sullivan, 2014. All rights reserved. ii The truth is out there iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv ABSTRACT vii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1 References 5 CHAPTER II. NUTRIENT ADDITIONS INDUCE DIFFERENTIAL REPRODUCTIVE RESPONSE IN PLANT COMMUNITIES 11 Abstract 11 Introduction 12 Methods 16 Results 20 Discussion 21 Acknowledgements 25 References 26 Tables and Figures 33 CHAPTER III.
    [Show full text]