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Compliance of Malaria Drug Intake and the Using of Bed Nets of Malaria Patients in Public Health Center of Waipukang, Lembata District, East Nusa Tenggara in 2018

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Compliance of Malaria Drug Intake and the Using of Bed Nets of Malaria Patients in Public Health Center of Waipukang, Lembata District, East Nusa Tenggara in 2018 PRESENTATION Compliance Of Malaria Drug Intake And The Using Of Bed Nets Of Malaria Patients In Public Health Center Of Waipukang, Lembata District, East Nusa Tenggara In 2018 Ragu Harming Kristina, Jane A. Peni Health Polytechnic of MoH in Kupang Email: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Background. Malaria is a disease that causes many deaths, immediate breakthrough efforts are needed and acceptable which can reduce the number of mosquito bites and decide on malaria parasites in the patient's body, namely through efforts to take malaria medicine and the use of insecticide treated bed nets. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of compliance of the using of bed nets and malaria drug intake of malaria patients working area of Waipukang Public Health Center, Lembata Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province in 2018. Method. The type of research design in this study was a cross-sectional study design. The study was conducted in Lembata District, Waipukang Public Health Center area in Maret - Mei 2018. The population in this study was positive malaria patients with laboratory tests, as well as families of patients in the Waipukang Health Center area, Ille Ape District, Lembata District. The number of samples is 30 people, 15 cases of malaria patients and 15 families of patients. Results. The results showed that malaria patients who obediently took malaria drug as much as 60% (9 people), while those who did not obidient taking malaria drug were 40% (6 people). Malaria patients and families who used the mosquito nets at home as much as 53% (8 people) while 47% (7 people) do not comply with mosquito nets. Keywords: Compliance with Medication, Compliance with Use of Mosquito Nets, Malaria * Correspondence: [email protected] Present Address: Piet A. Tallo St., Liliba- East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia - 85111 ©The Author(s) 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. 153 BACKGROUND screening in 2 Puskesmas work areas Malaria is a disease that causes namely Lewoleba Health Center was 29 many deaths in developing countries, cases (4.8%) and Waipukang Health children and pregnant women are the Center was 555 cases (97%). The results most vulnerable groups. Approximately a of the initial survey of limpha swelling in portion of the population in the world is elementary school children showed that at risk of malaria, and an estimated 225 only 5% experienced limpha swelling million cases of malaria with 781,000 (Kristina and Sadukh, 2016). This means deaths due to malaria in 2009 (World malaria drug resistance in small Health Organization, 2010). communities, but on the other hand the Regional health research number of malaria parasites is high in the (Riskesdas) results in 2010, there were blood, especially for plasmodium vivax. five provinces with the highest new cases The results of the initial survey of malaria were Papua (261.5 ‰), West show the local community habits related Papua (253.4 ‰), East Nusa Tenggara to community behavior: poor (117.5 ‰), North Maluku (103,2 ‰) and environmental hygiene behavior, poor Bangka Belitung Islands (91.9 ‰) handling and management of household (Indonesian Ministry of Health Research wastewater, high rates of breeding places and Development Agency, 2010). new(soil excavation holes as a source of Lembata Regency, in East Nusa community economic income) and local Tenggara Province, is a district with a community habits around the coastline, High Insidence Area with an API often looking for fish or shrimp and crabs percentage (Annual Parasite Incidence) in the swamp area that is the habitat of reaching 165.39% in 2012, 132.09% in mosquitoes, so the chances of contact 2013, and 102.74% in 2014. The highest with the mosquito anophelles are very number of malaria cases in Lembata high, besides that Most of the houses are District in 2014 amounted to 863 cases, near thebreeding places, so the chance of found in Lembata District Hospital with population contact withmosquitoes is 262 cases, Damian Hospital with 185 anopheles also very high (Kristina et al., cases, Waipukang Health Center with 151 2016). The factors mentioned above are cases, Hadakewa Health Center with 83 contributing factors to the high density cases (NTT Provincial Health Office, of mosquitoes, and the number of 2014). mosquito bites increases. Based on the results of the pre- To overcome the above eliminary survey conducted by Kristina problems, immediate breakthrough and Sadukh in October 2016 in Lembata efforts are needed and acceptable which District, the number of malaria case can reduce the number of mosquito bites 154 and decide on malaria parasites in the cross sectional study design. The research patient's body, namely through efforts to was conducted in Lembata District, take malaria medicine and the use of Waipukang Health Center area, which is insecticide-treated bed nets. The malaria a malaria endemic area. This location is treatment program as well as the use of taken because it is a region with high High mosquito nets are government programs, Incidence Rate. The study was conducted and district government institutions are in Maret - Mei 2018. The population in in the same area. This study aims to this study was positive malaria patients determine the level of adherence to with laboratory tests, as well as families taking medication in patients and of patients in the Waipukang Health adherence to using insecticide-treated Center area, Ille Ape District, Lembata bed nets in the community. District (30 people). Determination of sample size by purposive sampling METHOD method. The number of samples is 30 The type of research in this study people, 15 cases of malaria and 15 wasresearch analytic observational with a families of patients. RESULT 1. Overview of Research Sites This study was carried out in malaria endemic areas of Waipukang Health Center, Lembata District, East Nusa Tenggara Province. Figure 1. Map of Waipukang Health Center Area 155 Based on the map of Waipukang Based on the retrieval of the coordinates Public Health Center area above, of the location of the houses of patients Waipukang Public Health Center was with malaria cases using GPS, the spread adjacent to: of positive malaria cases in Plasmodium a. The north was bordered to Petuntawa was found in all villages in the b. The east was bordered to East Ile Ape Waipukang Health Center Working Area. c. The south was bordered to The highest spread of malaria cases was Laranwutun in Laranwutu Village with 7 cases d. The west was bordered to Kolontobo (22.58%) and the lowest in Dulitukan, Muruona, Lamawara, Bunga Muda, 2. Malaria Cases in Waipukang Riangbao, Petuntawa and Beutaran Health Center Area Villages with 1 case of positive cases of The number of malaria cases in the Plasmodium (3, 23%). Distribution of Waipukang Health Center Work Area is malaria cases in the Work Area of positively Plasmodium from Waipukang Waipukang Health Center in 2011 was health center reports from November visualized in Figure 2. 2017 - February 2018 as many as 31 cases. Figure 2. Map of spread malaria cases based onspecies Plasmodium in Waipukang Health Center Working Area November 2017 - February 2018 3. Characteristics of malaria patients are based on education level, age, and gender. 156 Based on the results of the study, the characteristics of malaria patients in the Waipukang Health Center area are as follows. Table 1. Description of Characteristics of Malaria Patients in Waipukang Health Center Area in 2018 Number Percentage Karakeristik (n) (%) 1. Education level a. Not yet in 2 13 b. kindergarten / early childhood 1 7 c. school Elementary 6 40 d. School 3 20 e. High School 0 0 f. Collage 3 20 2. Age a. 1 - 10 years 8 53 b. 11 - 20 yrs 4 27 c. 21 - 30 yrs 1 7 d. 31 - 40 yrs 0 0 e. > 40 yrs 2 13 3. Gender a. Female 6 40 b. Male 9 60 4. Work a. Student/Student 11 73 b. PNS / TNI / POLRI 1 7 c. Clergy 1 7 d. Other (not yet working) 2 13 From the table above it can be seen kindergarten/early childhood, that the highest education level of elementary and junior high school (73%). malaria patients is junior high school (40%), while the lowest education level is 4. Knowledge of Malaria Patients TK / PAUD (7%). The age of malaria Based on the results of the study, patients is at most 1-10 years old (53%) the level of knowledge of malaria while the lowest is aged 21-30 years (7%). patients in the Waipukang Health Center Most malaria patients are students both area is as follows. 157 Table 2. Level of Knowledge of Malaria Patients in Waipukang Health Center Area in 2018 Knowledge Amount Percentage No Level (n) (%) 1 Good 4 27 2 Enough 6 40 3 Less 9 60 Total 15 100 Level of knowledge of malaria 5. Attitudes of Malaria Patients patients in the working area of Based on the results of the study, Waipukang Health Center which has the attitudes of malaria patients in the good knowledge of 27%, sufficient Waipukang Health Center area were as knowledge of 13% and lack of knowledge follows. as much as 60%. Table 3. Attitudes of Malaria Patients in Waipukang Health Center Area in 2018 Number Percentage No Attitude (n) (%) 1 Supportive 3 20 2 Sufficiently supportive 5 33 3 Not supportive 7 47 Total 15 100 Attitudes of malaria patients in the 6.
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