UDI Implementation Roadmap © the Brookings Institution, 2014

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

UDI Implementation Roadmap © the Brookings Institution, 2014 Unique Device Identifiers (UDIs): A Roadmap for Effective Implementation December 2014 The Brookings Institution l Washington, DC www.brookings.edu Authors Gregory Daniel Mark McClellan Managing Director, Engelberg Center Director, Health Care Innovation for Health Care Reform and Value Initiative Fellow, The Brookings Institution Senior Fellow, The Brookings Institution Siromi Gardina Dalia Deak Research Director Research Assistant Engelberg Center for Health Care Reform Engelberg Center for Health Care Reform The Brookings Institution The Brookings Institution Jonathan Bryan Craig Streit Research Assistant Research Assistant Engelberg Center for Health Care Reform Engelberg Center for Health Care Reform The Brookings Institution The Brookings Institution This roadmap was developed under a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Chickasaw Nation Industries, Inc. (CNI) LLC About the Engelberg Center for Health Care Reform at Brookings Established in 2007, the Engelberg Center for Health Care Reform at Brookings is dedicated to providing practical solutions to achieve high-quality, innovative, affordable health care. To achieve its mission, the Center conducts research, develops policy recommendations, and provides technical expertise to test and evaluate innovative health care solutions. Acknowledgements The Engelberg Center for Health Care Reform (ECHCR) at the Brookings Institution wishes to thank several individuals that contributed to the research, development and preparation of this roadmap. Roadmap Contributors provided active and ongoing feedback throughout the draft process as well as substantial editorial input. Their involvement was extensive and their contributions are reflected throughout. ECHCR held a kick-off meeting of the UDI Implementation Work Group to begin the conversation around opportunities and challenges associated with UDI implementation, on July 16, 2012. This meeting brought together representatives from key groups, including device manufacturers, payers, electronic health record vendors, academics, clinicians, and others with a vested interest in UDI implementation. With the Work Group’s guidance, ECHR convened three expert workshops on exploring the following topics: exploring the opportunities and challenges associated with capturing UDI in claims, identifying steps for implementation and integration of UDI within electronic data infrastructure of care delivery sites, and utilizing UDIs as a tool for improved patient and provider connectivity. ECHCR used the knowledge harnessed through these expert workshops as a launching pad for developing the roadmap for UDI implementation across the healthcare ecosystem. Finally, the Acknowledgements section recognizes numerous individuals that provided valuable information for case studies, strategies, and recommendations. Although all of these individuals have been involved in the roadmap’s development, neither they nor their organizations necessarily endorse the roadmap’s recommendations or conclusions. Roadmap Contributors Joseph Drozda Terrie Reed Director, Outcomes Research Senior Project Leader, Clinical Informatics Sisters of Mercy Health System Duke Clinical Research Institute Curtis Dudley Walter Suarez Vice President, Integrated Technology Solutions Executive Director, Health IT Strategy and Policy Sisters of Mercy Health System Kaiser Permanente Thomas Gross Margaret Weiker Director, Office of Surveillance and Biometrics Chair, Center for Devices and Radiological Health Accredited Standards Committee X12N U.S. Food and Drug Administration Natalia Wilson Leslie Kelly Hall Associate Director, School for the Science of Senior Vice President, Health care Delivery, College of Health Solutions, Healthwise Arizona State University UDI Implementation Work Group Kristine Martin Anderson Joseph Drozda Senior Vice President, Director, Outcomes Research Booz Allen Hamilton Sisters of Mercy Health System Amy Compton-Phillips Matthew Emons Associate Executive Director, Quality Physician Executive and Senior Director, The Permanente Federation, LLC Cerner 2 Shamiram Feinglass Frederic Resnic VP Global and Regulatory Affairs, CMO, Danaher Chairman, Department of Cardiovascular Corporation Medicine, Lahey Clinic Louis Jacques Kate Ryan Senior Vice President and Chief Clinical Officer, Policy Representative, ADVI NARAL Pro-Choice America Richard Kuntz Art Sedrakyan Senior Vice President and Chief Scientific, Clinical, Associate Professor, Departments of Public Health and Regulatory Officer and Cardiac Surgery, Medtronic Weill Cornell Medical College David S. Muntz Paul Varosy Senior Vice President, Chief Information Officer Director of Cardiac Electrophysiology GetWellNetwork Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health System J. Marc Overhage Natalia Wilson Chief Medical Informatics Officer, Health Services, Associate Director, School for the Science of Siemens Medical Solutions, Inc Health Care Delivery, College of Health Solutions Arizona State University Richard Platt Professor and Chair, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School Acknowledgments George Arges (American Hospital Association) Joshua Rising (Pew Charitable Trusts) Dennis Black (Becton Dickinson) Sara Rivera (Hubbert Systems Consulting) Karen Conway (GHX) Erin Rubens (Department of Health and Human Jay Crowley (FDA) Services) Joe Dudas (Mayo Clinic) Patricia Shrader (Medtronic, Inc.) Kenny Jackelen (EPIC) Linda Sigg (FDA) Aaron Kaplan (Dartmouth University) Julia Skapik (Office of the National Coordinator) Behnaz Minaei (FDA) Pansy Watson (California Department of Health Elizabeth Paxton (Kaiser Permanente) Care Services) Anita Rayner (FDA) Tess Webre (FDA) Jacob Reider (Office of the National Coordinator) The authors also thank additional Brookings staff members, including Heather Colvin, Adam Aten and Pranav Aurora for their research and editorial support. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ………………………………………………………………..….………………………………. 5 Part 1: Background and Value of UDI Implementation SECTION 1 Introduction ……………………………….…………………………………………..…………………….………..……………… 7 SECTION 2 Benefits of Achieving Successful UDI Implementation …………………………………………………………….. 12 Part 2: Strategies for UDI Implementation SECTION 3 Integrate UDIs into Provider Systems ……………………..……………………………………………………….……. 28 SECTION 4 Integrate UDIs into Administrative Transactions...……………..….…………………………………………….… 45 SECTION 5 Integrate UDIs into Patient-Directed Tools………………………………………………..……………….………….. 58 Part 3: Conclusion SECTION 6 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………………………........…… 69 APPENDICES Appendix A: Unique Device Identifier Basics .……………………………………..……………………………….... 73 Appendix B: Global Unique Device Identification Database (GUDID) .………………….………………….. 74 Appendix C: Mercy Health Case Study..………………………………………………………………………………..… 75 Appendix D: Glossary of Key Terms ...….………………………………………………………………………………… 83 ENDNOTES ….……………….……………………………………………………………………….…………………….......88 4 UDI Implementation Roadmap © The Brookings Institution, 2014 Executive Summary The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is transparency, and more accurate and efficient establishing a national unique device supply chain processes. These activities are more identification system to adequately identify readily conducted for pharmaceuticals because of medical devices through their distribution and the widespread use of National Drug Codes use. When the system is fully implemented, the (NDCs) as the standard mechanism for label of most devices will include a unique device communicating specific pharmaceutical identifier (UDI) in human- and machine-readable information across the health care system. form. Device labelers must also submit certain The benefits of UDI implementation across the information about each device to the FDA- health care system are significant and, while the administered Global Unique Device Identification path to full implementation is complex, there are Database (GUDID). The database, which will serve relatively straightforward steps that can be done as a reference catalog of information about every now to begin realizing many of them. For device with an identifier, will be publicly example, two high priority steps that can be taken accessible to allow all stakeholders— provider in the near term include enabling providers to systems, payers, clinicians, patients, industry, FDA scan and record UDIs into EHRs at the POC and and others— to search, download, and use motivating patients who receive device implants information in the GUDID. The UDI system, which or use other major devices to demand the UDIs will be phased in over several years, represents a from their providers. A national “Know Your UDI” landmark step towards improving patient safety, campaign can be an effective way to increase modernizing device postmarket surveillance, and awareness of the importance of UDIs to patients facilitating device innovation. These promised and consumers. benefits will only be fully realized with the adoption and integration of UDIs into the health Additional strategies include integrating UDIs into care delivery system. hospital inventory management and billing systems, and incorporating UDIs into Adoption and use of UDIs across the health care administrative transactions. Further, integrating system by provider systems, patients, payers, UDIs into easily accessible patient and consumer health information technology (HIT) developers, tools, such as personal health records (PHR) and and many others can
Recommended publications
  • The Fan/Creator Alliance: Social Media, Audience Mandates, and the Rebalancing of Power in Studio–Showrunner Disputes
    Media Industries 5.2 (2018) The Fan/Creator Alliance: Social Media, Audience Mandates, and the Rebalancing of Power in Studio–Showrunner Disputes Annemarie Navar-Gill1 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN amngill [AT] umich.edu Abstract Because companies, not writer-producers, are the legally protected “authors” of television shows, when production disputes between series creators and studio/ network suits arise, executives have every right to separate creators from their intellectual property creations. However, legally disempowered series creators can leverage an audience mandate to gain the upper hand in production disputes. Examining two case studies where an audience mandate was involved in overturning a corporate production decision—Rob Thomas’s seven-year quest to make a Veronica Mars movie and Dan Harmon’s firing from and subsequent rehiring to his position as the showrunner of Community—this article explores how the social media ecosystem around television rebalances power in disputes between creators and the corporate entities that produce and distribute their work. Keywords: Audiences, Authorship, Management, Production, Social Media, Television Scripted television shows have always had writers. For the most part, however, until the post-network era, those writers were not “authors.” As Catherine Fisk and Miranda Banks have shown in their respective historical accounts of the WGA (Writers Guild of America), television writers have a long history of negotiating the terms of what “authorship” meant in the context of their work, but for most of the medium’s history, the cultural validation afforded to an “author” eluded them.2 This began to change, however, in the 1990s, when the term “showrunner” began to appear in television trade press.3 “Showrunner” is an unofficial title referring to the executive producer and head writer of a television series, who acts in effect as the show’s CEO, overseeing the program’s story development and having final authority in essentially all production decisions.
    [Show full text]
  • Netflix and the Development of the Internet Television Network
    Syracuse University SURFACE Dissertations - ALL SURFACE May 2016 Netflix and the Development of the Internet Television Network Laura Osur Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/etd Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Osur, Laura, "Netflix and the Development of the Internet Television Network" (2016). Dissertations - ALL. 448. https://surface.syr.edu/etd/448 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the SURFACE at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations - ALL by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract When Netflix launched in April 1998, Internet video was in its infancy. Eighteen years later, Netflix has developed into the first truly global Internet TV network. Many books have been written about the five broadcast networks – NBC, CBS, ABC, Fox, and the CW – and many about the major cable networks – HBO, CNN, MTV, Nickelodeon, just to name a few – and this is the fitting time to undertake a detailed analysis of how Netflix, as the preeminent Internet TV networks, has come to be. This book, then, combines historical, industrial, and textual analysis to investigate, contextualize, and historicize Netflix's development as an Internet TV network. The book is split into four chapters. The first explores the ways in which Netflix's development during its early years a DVD-by-mail company – 1998-2007, a period I am calling "Netflix as Rental Company" – lay the foundations for the company's future iterations and successes. During this period, Netflix adapted DVD distribution to the Internet, revolutionizing the way viewers receive, watch, and choose content, and built a brand reputation on consumer-centric innovation.
    [Show full text]
  • PERFECTION, WRETCHED, NORMAL, and NOWHERE: a REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY of AMERICAN TELEVISION SETTINGS by G. Scott Campbell Submitted T
    PERFECTION, WRETCHED, NORMAL, AND NOWHERE: A REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY OF AMERICAN TELEVISION SETTINGS BY G. Scott Campbell Submitted to the graduate degree program in Geography and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ______________________________ Chairperson Committee members* _____________________________* _____________________________* _____________________________* _____________________________* Date defended ___________________ The Dissertation Committee for G. Scott Campbell certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: PERFECTION, WRETCHED, NORMAL, AND NOWHERE: A REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY OF AMERICAN TELEVISION SETTINGS Committee: Chairperson* Date approved: ii ABSTRACT Drawing inspiration from numerous place image studies in geography and other social sciences, this dissertation examines the senses of place and regional identity shaped by more than seven hundred American television series that aired from 1947 to 2007. Each state‘s relative share of these programs is described. The geographic themes, patterns, and images from these programs are analyzed, with an emphasis on identity in five American regions: the Mid-Atlantic, New England, the Midwest, the South, and the West. The dissertation concludes with a comparison of television‘s senses of place to those described in previous studies of regional identity. iii For Sue iv CONTENTS List of Tables vi Acknowledgments vii 1. Introduction 1 2. The Mid-Atlantic 28 3. New England 137 4. The Midwest, Part 1: The Great Lakes States 226 5. The Midwest, Part 2: The Trans-Mississippi Midwest 378 6. The South 450 7. The West 527 8. Conclusion 629 Bibliography 664 v LIST OF TABLES 1. Television and Population Shares 25 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Download This Issue As
    Wednesday, April 5, 2017 • Vol. 11 Issue 3 Celebrate Lafayette-Orinda Presbyterianwithwwiithth Church 26,000 copies •Easter Sunday Services, April 16 delivereddeliv biweekly to LamorindaLam homes & 6:30 a.m. • 8:00 a.m. • businesses 9:30 a.m. • 11:00 a.m. www.lamorindaweekly.com 925-377-0977 Visit LOPC.org/news/easter FREE for Holy Week Service Info 49 Knox Drive Lafayette CA 94549 (925) 283-8722 • LOPC.org Twins Sadie and Morgan took their father David to the Opening Day of the market after a morning playing Tot Baseball across the street at the Orinda Community Park. Photo Andy Scheck Farmers Market Celebrates 20th Anniversary By Sora O’Doherty t was no April Fool’s Joke when the Orinda Farmers attendance and offer some new attractions. According to Enabled by the Orinda Community Center’s donation Imarket cut the ribbon on its 20th season of providing Staci DeShasier, executive director of Contra Costa County of chairs, the market was able to expand its customer seat- fresh food on April 1. The Farmers Market will run Farmers’ Markets, Orinda accomplished that goal with a 10 ing area. DeShasier says that when they added top musi- until mid-November, with a focus on food and music from percent increase in customer attendance. DeShasier was de- cians in front of the new seating, it made the market the 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. Saturdays in front of the Rite Aide store lighted, noting that the increase translates into real dollars for place to be on Saturday mornings, and now the market has on Orinda Way.
    [Show full text]
  • DARK CITY HIGH the High School Noir of Brick and Veronica Mars Jason A
    DARK CITY HIGH THE HIGH SCHOOL NOIR OF BRICK AND VERONICA MARS Jason A. Ney ackstabbing, adultery, blackmail, robbery, corruption, and murder—you’ll find them all here, in a place where no vice is in short supply. You want drugs? Done. Dames? They’re a dime a dozen. But stay on your toes because they’ll take you for all you’re worth. Everyone is work- ing an angle, looking out for number one. Your friend could become your enemy, and if the circumstances are right, your enemy could just as easily become your friend. Alliances are as unpredictable and shifty as a career criminal’s moral compass. Is all this the world of 1940’s and 50’s film noir? Absolutely. But, tures like the Glenn Ford vehicle The Blackboard Jungle (1955) and Bas two recent works—the television show Veronica Mars (2004- melodramas like James Dean’s first feature,Rebel Without a Cause 2007) and the filmBrick (2005)—convincingly argue, it is also the (1955). But a noir film from the years of the typically accepted noir world of the contemporary American high school. cycle (1940-1958) populated primarily by teenagers and set inside a That film noir didn’t extend its seductive, deadly reach into the high school simply does not exist. Perhaps noir didn’t make it all the high schools of the forties and fifties is somewhat surprising, given way into the halls of adolescent learning because adults still wanted how much filmmakers danced around the edges of what we now to believe that the teens of their time retained an element of their call noir when crafting darker stories about teens gone bad.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigating Veronica Mars the Noir and Teen Clash in Neptune, California
    Investigating Veronica Mars The Noir and Teen Clash in Neptune, California by Kim Johansen Østby Master’s Thesis in Media Studies Department of Media and Communication University of Oslo Spring 2010 “[…] why is Veronica Mars so good? It bears little resemblance to life as I know it, but I can't take my eyes off the damn thing.” (Stephen King, Entertainment Weekly, 01/02-2007) I Abstract What happens when you combine the long tradition of film noir and the contemporary television teen drama? Through genre analysis, this thesis explores how the television show Veronica Mars (2004-2007) mixes noir and teen drama and how this creates a dark vision of society and teen life. Through four chapters I investigate key points of the show, such as the narration and aesthetics, the representation of the noir universe through the show’s depiction of social class inequalities and an incapacitated criminal justice system, the show’s exploration of teen drama themes and how this is affected by noir and finally, an analysis of the main characters and how they relate to this hybrid universe. Noir and teen elements pulsate throughout the entire show. Together they create a tense, paranoid and mysterious atmosphere and allow the show to repeatedly explore dark themes and plots that do not commonly appear in teen dramas. The teen private investigator protagonist Veronica must tackle mysteries ranging everywhere from disappearances, blackmail, scams and theft, to situations where she must deceive the FBI, confront and battle a serial rapist and solve the mass murder of her fellow classmates, all while making her way through high school and college.
    [Show full text]
  • NO BOUNDARIES World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc
    NO BOUNDARIES World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc. World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc. 1241 E. Main Street Annual Report 2005 Stamford, CT. 06901 Board of Directors Transfer Agent, Dividend Paying Agent and Registrar Vincent K. McMahon Chairman of the Board American Stock Transfer & Trust Company 59 Maiden Lane Linda E. McMahon New York, NY 10038 Chief Executive Officer 877.777.0800 Lowell P. Weicker, Jr. Former Governor of the State of Connecticut and Independent Auditors United States Senator Chairman of Compensation Committee Deloitte & Touche LLP Stamford Harbor Park Robert A. Bowman 333 Ludlow Street President and Chief Executive Officer of MLB Stamford, CT 06902-6982 Advanced Media, LP 203.708.4600 Chairman of Audit Committee David Kenin Corporate Headquarters Executive Vice President of Programming, Crown Media United States, LLC World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc. Member of Audit and Compensation Committees 1241 E. Main Street P.O. Box 1241 Michael B. Solomon Stamford, CT 06901 Managing Principal of Gladwyne Partners, LLC 203.352.8600 Member of Audit and Compensation Committees Joseph Perkins President, Communications Consultants, Inc. Michael Sileck Chief Financial Offi cer Management Certifications In accordance with Section 3.03A.12(a) of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual, in connection with our last annual meeting Linda McMahon submitted a certification to the NYSE stating that she was not aware of any violations by the Company of the NYSE’s Corporate Governance listing standards. The certifications required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act with respect to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2005 have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibits 31.1 through 31.4 thereto.
    [Show full text]
  • Reality Television Production As Dirty Work
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2016 Good Character: Reality Television Production as Dirty Work Junhow Wei University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Communication Commons, Organizational Behavior and Theory Commons, and the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Wei, Junhow, "Good Character: Reality Television Production as Dirty Work" (2016). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2094. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2094 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2094 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Good Character: Reality Television Production as Dirty Work Abstract Audiences, critics, and academics have raised significant moral concerns about reality television. The genre is commonly criticized for being exploitative, harmful, and fake. By extension, reality TV workers are morally tainted, seen as dirty workers of questionable character. This dissertation describes the sources of moral taint in reality television production and how production workers dispel this taint—making their work acceptable and even glorious to themselves and others—through everyday micro-level interaction. The data for this study comes from approximately 2 years of ethnographic observation at 2 reality TV production companies, attendance at 2 reality TV industry conferences, and interviews with 83 respondents, including reality TV production workers, television network executives, and people who auditioned to be on reality shows. Findings focus on the development process, during which production companies generate ideas for new television shows and pitch those ideas to television networks. First, I describe the development process and three significant moral dilemmas that workers face at this initial stage of production: creating negative representations (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Upn 27, Wgnt-Tv
    Localism and Independence at Viacom Television Stations Group Stations Executive Summary Viacom Television Stations Group (VTSG) comprises 35 full-service television stations in some 27 markets around the country whose central focus is service to the local community. Sixteen of these stations are affiliated with the CBS Network, 18 with the UPN Network and one is independent. Each station is managed and operated by a local team that is committed to serving its local community by broadcasting programming covering local public affairs, local emergencies, local politics and local civics and culture. In addition, off-air, VTSG stations and their employees are actively involved in community activities and community events by participating in and donating to thousands of community and charitable events. The following nearly 200 pages contain only highlights of the ways in which VTSG stations serve their local communities. For example, with respect to local news, the summary shows that VTSG dedicates hundreds of hours of airtime each week and spends hundreds of millions of dollars providing its viewers with high quality local news, in addition to the hundreds of hours of national CBS News aired each week on VTSG stations affiliated with the CBS Network. Specific examples of local news commitments include: • WCBS-TV (CBS), New York, NY, airs 30.5 hours of local news per week, representing about 19% of its weekly programming schedule. It spends more than $40 million annually producing its local newscasts. • KCBS (CBS) and KCAL (Ind.), Los Angeles, CA, air about 34 hours and 30 hours, respectively, of local news per week, representing on average about 19% of each station’s broadcast week.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded More Than 212,000 Times Since the Ipad's April 3Rd Launch,” the Futon Critic, 14 Apr
    Distribution Agreement In presenting this thesis or dissertation as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree from Emory University, I hereby grant to Emory University and its agents the non-exclusive license to archive, make accessible, and display my thesis or dissertation in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known, including display on the world wide web. I understand that I may select some access restrictions as part of the online submission of this thesis or dissertation. I retain all ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis or dissertation. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis or dissertation. Signature _____________________________ ______________ Nicholas Bestor Date TV to Talk About: The CW and Post-Network Television By Nicholas Bestor Master of Arts Film Studies Michele Schreiber, Ph.D. Advisor Eddy Von Mueller, Ph.D. Committee Member Karla Oeler, Ph.D. Committee Member Accepted: Lisa A. Tedesco, Ph.D. Dean of the James T. Laney School of Graduate Studies ___________________ Date TV to Talk About: The CW and Post-Network Television By Nicholas Bestor B.A., Middlebury College, 2005 Advisor: Michele Schreiber, Ph.D. An abstract of A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the James T. Laney School of Graduate Studies of Emory University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Film Studies 2012 Abstract TV to Talk About: The CW and Post-Network Television By Nicholas Bestor The CW is the smallest of the American broadcast networks, but it has made the most of its marginal position by committing itself wholly to servicing a niche demographic.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Cho YS Thesis.Pdf
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of Communications COMPETITION AND PROGRAM TYPE DIVERSITY IN THE OVER-THE-AIR TELEVISION INDUSTRY, 1943-2005 A Thesis in Mass Communications by Young Shin Cho © 2007 Young Shin Cho Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2007 The thesis of Young-Shin Cho was reviewed and approved* by the following: Richard Taylor Palmer Chair of Telecommunications Studies and Law Thesis Advisor Chair of Committee Matt Jackson Associate Professor of Communications Krishna Jayakar Associate Professor of Communications Lynette Kvasny Assistant Professor of Information Sciences and Technology John S. Nichols Professor of Communications Associate Dean for Graduates Studies and Research *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School ABSTRACT Competition and diversity are touchstones in media policy, but the relationship between them is not clear despite a great number of studies because even studies dealing with their relationship, did not measure the intensity of competition. This paper investigates the relationship between market competition and program type diversity in the over-the-air television industry. Specifically, market competition is divided into intra-network competition and intra-media competition, i.e. terrestrial television vs. cable TV. Also this paper uses a comprehensive model of program types, with 281 program type categories, which have never been used in previous studies. The results show that program type diversity keeps decreasing over time and intra-network competition has a negative effect on program type diversity. Also, intra- network competition is a more important factor on program type diversity than inter- media competition.
    [Show full text]
  • National Grasslands Management a Primer
    NATIONAL GRASSLANDS MANAGEMENT A PRIMER Appendix H 75th Congress HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Report 1st Session } { No.1198 BANKHEAD-JONES FARM TENANT ACT1 JULY 12, 1937 Ordered to be printed Mr. JONES, from the committee of conference, submitted the following CONFERENCE REPORT [To accompany H. R. 7562] The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses on the amendment of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 7562) to encourage and promote the ownership of farm homes and to make the possession of such homes more secure, to provide for the general welfare of the United States, to provide additional credit facilities for agricultural development, and for other purposes, having met, after full and free conference, have agreed to recommend and do recommend to their respective Houses as follows: In lieu of the matter proposed to be inserted by the Senate amendment insert the following: That this Act may be cited as “The Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act”. TITLE I FARM TENANT PROVISIONS POWER OF SECRETARY SECTION 1. (a) The Secretary of Agriculture (hereinafter referred to as the “Secretary”) is authorized to make loans in the United States and in the Territories of Alaska and Hawaii and in Puerto Rico to persons eligible to receive the benefits of this title to enable such persons to acquire farms. (b) Only farm tenants, farm laborers, share croppers, and other individuals who obtain, or who recently obtained, the major portion of their income from farming operations shall be eligible to receive the benefits of this title. In making available the benefits of this title, the Secretary shall give preference to persons who are married, or who have dependent families, or wherever practicable, to persons who are able to make an initial down payment, or who are owners of livestock and farm implements necessary successfully to carry on farming operations.
    [Show full text]