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Evolution of Social Science Research at ICRISAT, and a Case Study in Zimbabwe

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Evolution of Social Science Research at ICRISAT, and a Case Study in Zimbabwe Working Paper Series no. 20 Socioeconomics and Policy Evolution of Social Science Research at ICRISAT, and a Case Study in Zimbabwe Jane D Alumira, Ma. Cynthia S Bantilan and Tinah Sihoma-Moyo ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics PO Box 776, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe www.icrisat.org International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics 596-2004 Citation: Alumira JD, Bantilan MCS, and Sihoma-Moyo T. 2005. Evolution of social science research at ICRISAT, and a case study in Zimbabwe. Working Paper Series no. 20. PO Box 776, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. 28 pp. Titles in the Working Paper Series aim to disseminate information and stimulate feedback from the scientific community. A large number of similar and informal publications, derived from ICRISAT’s socio-economics and policy research, are also being distributed under various titles: Impact Series, Policy Briefs, Progress Reports, Discussion Papers, and Occasional Papers. Abstract About ICRISAT This paper consists of two distinct yet complementary parts. The first part analyzes the evolution of social science research (SSR) at ICRISAT. It describes the initiation of SSR, its continued recognition and incorporation in the Institute’s research strategy, its structure, staff strength, collaboration and partnerships; and the constraints faced by The semi-arid tropics (SAT) encompass parts of 48 developing countries including most of India, SSR – including debates on relevance and performance, and how these have been dealt with within the Institute. The parts of Southeast Asia, a swathe across sub-Saharan Africa, much of southern and eastern Africa, second part was motivated by the CGIAR’s thrust to enhance the contribution of SSR to sustainable agricultural and parts of Latin America. Many of these countries are among the poorest in the world. development, food security, and poverty eradication. It is a case study of livelihood diversification behavior among smallholder farm communities in Zimbabwe and illustrates how SSR contributes to livelihood analysis, targeting of Approximately one sixth of the world’s population lives in the SAT, which is typified by research and development, and informing policy. It addresses several key questions: Given the changing environment in unpredictable weather, limited and erratic rainfall and nutrient-poor soils. the semi-arid tropics, what factors constrain rural livelihoods? How do resource-poor smallholder farm households cope with these constraints? How do their coping strategies impact on farmer investment behavior? And what are the ICRISAT’s mandate crops are sorghum, pearl millet, chickpea, pigeonpea and groundnut – five implications for targeting of research and development? crops vital to life for the ever-increasing populations of the SAT. ICRISAT’s mission is to conduct research that can lead to enhanced sustainable production of these crops and to improved management of the limited natural resources of the SAT. ICRISAT communicates information on Résumé technologies as they are developed through workshops, networks, training, library services and L’éventail de résultats scientifiques qu’obtiennent actuellement les centres de recherche agricole internationaux comme publishing. l’ICRISAT dénote une expansion incontestable tout au long du continuum recherche – développement, compte tenu des divers types d’alliances stratégiques avec des partenaires possédant diverses infrastructures et capacités de recherche. ICRISAT was established in 1972. It is supported by the Consultative Group on International Le présent article décrit un système global de suivi de la qualité scientifique comprenant l’appréciation des intrants, Agricultural Research (CGIAR), an informal association of approximately 50 public and private des processus, des produits et des résultats. Les principales conclusions de l’étude montrent la nécessité de disposer de sector donors. It is co-sponsored by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations système d’appréciation plus globales pouvant servir à l’évaluation des recherche, ainsi que d’un système approprié (FAO), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Environment permettant d’évaluer la totalité des réalisations scientifiques, en tenant compte du caractère large et divers des objectifs Programme (UNEP) and the World Bank. ICRISAT is one of 15 nonprofit, CGIAR-supported de recherche de nos jours. Des systèmes de mesure non-paramétriques simples ont été adaptées afin d’analyser les données contenues dans des études faites par l’ICRISAT en janvier 2003. A partir de cette analyse, on a dressé une Future Harvest Centers. liste de l’ensemble des résultats tangibles obtenus par l’institut. Un système de mesure a été adapté dans le but d’obtenir la moyenne des réponses objectives recueillies au niveau de l’institut et un classement relatif des productions du portefeuille scientifique et de formation. Ce système prend en compte la variabilité des réponses sur les thèmes généraux. Les résultats ont été synthétisés en vue de d’étudier les implications de l’amélioration du processus d’évaluation et de suivi de la qualité au niveau de l’institut, notamment (1) le perfectionnement de l’actuel système d’évaluation des activités des chercheurs, à partir d’une échelle d’évaluation différentielle; (2) la nécessité de renforcer les mécanismes d’assurance de la qualité scientifique de l’institut, en l’occurrence le Comité de recherche de l’institut. Enfin, en raison de la grande diversité des résultats obtenus en matière de recherche, il est proposé qu’un processus décentralisé utilisant des cadres logiques qui s’emboîtent, constituerait un outil efficace de suivi des étapes des évaluations institutionnelle, régionale et individuelle. ©2005 by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) All rights reserved. Except for quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval systems, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission from ICRISAT. It is hoped that this copyright declaration will not diminish the bona fide use of research findings in agricultural research and development. Evolution of Social Science Research at ICRISAT, and a Case Study in Zimbabwe Jane D Alumira, Ma. Cynthia S Bantilan and Tinah Sihoma-Moyo ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics PO Box 776, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe 2005 About the Authors Jane Alumira Associate Social Scientist (Impact Assessment), ICRISAT PO Box 776, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe Ma Cynthia S Bantilan Principal Scientist (Economics) and Global Theme Leader (SAT Futures and Development Pathways) ICRISAT, Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India Tinah Sihoma-Moyo Scientific Officer (Impact Assessment), ICRISAT PO Box 776, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of ICRISAT. The designations employed and the presentations of material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Where trade names are used this does not constitute endorsement of or discrimination against any product by ICRISAT. Contents Evolution of social science research at ICRISAT ........................................................................... 1 Background ........................................................................................................................... 1 The need for social science research .................................................................................... 1 Structure of social science research at ICRISAT .................................................................. 3 Staff strength ......................................................................................................................... 3 Collaboration and partnerships ............................................................................................. 4 Constraints and institutional debates .................................................................................... 5 Sociology and anthropology research at ICRISAT .............................................................. 6 Smallholder livelihood diversification behaviour in Zimbabwe: a case study ............................... 7 Research problem and objectives.......................................................................................... 7 Case study area ..................................................................................................................... 7 Methodology......................................................................................................................... 8 Livelihood constraints........................................................................................................... 9 Between 1988 and 2002, what changed? .............................................................................. 11 Lessons learned and policy implications ........................................................................................ 16 Evolution of social science research at ICRISAT ................................................................ 16 Smallholder livelihood diversification
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