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An Evidence-Based Review of Sexual Assault Prevention Intervention

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An Evidence-Based Review of Sexual Assault Prevention Intervention The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: An Evidence-Based Review of Sexual Assault Preventive Intervention Programs Author(s): Shannon Morrison, Jennifer Hardison, Anita Mathew, Joyce O’Neil Document No.: 207262 Date Received: October 2004 Award Number: 2002-WG-BX-0006 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. September 2004 An Evidence-Based Review of Sexual Assault Preventive Intervention Programs Technical Report Prepared for National Institute of Justice 810 Seventh Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20531 Prepared by Shannon Morrison, Ph.D. Jennifer Hardison, M.S.W. Anita Mathew, M.P.H. Joyce O’Neil, M.A. RTI International Health, Social, and Economics Research Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 NIJ Grant Number: 2002-WG-BX-0006 This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. CONTENTS Section Page List of Exhibits .................................................................... v Abstract ......................................................................... vii Executive Summary ............................................................. ES-1 1.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................... 1 1.1 Background and Purpose of SAPI Evidence-Based Review .................... 1 1.2 Overview of Report Chapters ............................................ 3 2.0 BACKGROUND............................................................ 5 2.1 Prevalence and Consequences of Sexual Violence ............................ 5 2.2 SAPI Strategies and Programs ........................................... 6 2.3 Effectiveness of SAPI Programs ............. ............................ 9 2.4 Methodological Weaknesses of SAPI Evaluation Research ................... 13 3.0 METHODOLOGY......................................................... 17 3.1 Evidence-Based Review Methodology .................................... 17 3.1.1 Strengths of Evidence-Based Reviews.............................. 18 3.1.2 Challenges of Evidence-Based Reviews............................. 19 3.2 RTI’s Review Protocol ................................................ 19 3.2.1 Use of Expert Consultants ....................................... 20 3.2.2 Development of a Review Team .................................. 20 3.2.3 Parameters of the Review ............. ........................... 20 3.2.4 Inclusion Criteria .............................................. 21 3.2.5 Literature Search ............................................... 22 3.2.6 Article Screening Process ........................................ 23 3.2.7 Data Abstraction and Quality Assessment .......................... 24 3.3 Data Analysis ........................................................ 28 4.0 RESULTS ................................................................. 29 4.1 Descriptive Information ............................................... 29 4.1.1 Target Population .............................................. 30 4.1.2 Study Design .................................................. 30 4.1.3 Study Retention Rates ................ ........................... 31 4.1.4 Study Quality.................................................. 31 4.1.5 Outcome Measures ............................................. 32 4.1.6 Instruments ................................................... 32 4.1.7 SAPI Characteristics ................. ........................... 33 4.2 Synthesis of Evidence of SAPI Effectiveness ... ........................... 34 4.2.1 Approach to Synthesizing Findings ................................ 34 4.2.2 Results of Synthesis ............................................ 37 4.3 Summary ........................................................... 38 5.0 CONCLUSION ........................................................... 63 iii This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. CONTENTS (continued) Section Page 5.1 Overview ........................................................... 63 5.2 Summary of Key Findings.............................................. 63 5.3 Limitations of This Review ............................................. 64 5.4 Recommendations for Future Research ................................... 65 5.4.1 Program Development .......................................... 65 5.4.2 Evaluation .................................................... 68 5.5 Conclusion ................................ .......................... 70 REFERENCES................................................................... 73 Appendixes A Expert Consultants ..................................................... A-1 B Literature Search Databases and Search Terms ............................... B-1 C List of Articles and Their Corresponding Article Number .. .................... C-1 D Data Abstraction Forms ................................................. D-1 E Evidence Tables – General Population...................................... E-1 F SAPIs for Individuals with Disabilities ............ .......................... F-1 G Evidence Tables – Individuals with Disabilities ..... .......................... G-1 H SAPI Author Suggestions ................................................ H-1 iv This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. LIST OF EXHIBITS Number Page 1 Summary of Intervention Effects ................... ........................ ES-10 2.1 Summary of Methodological Issues in SAPI Evaluation Research ...... .............. 16 4.1 Summary of Characteristics ......................... .......................... 39 4.2 Instruments/Scales Usedin SAPI Studies ....................................... 41 4.3 SAPI Study Summary........................................................ 46 4.4 Study-Specific Descriptive Information ......................................... 53 4.5 Summary of Intervention Effects ................... ........................... 61 5.1 Summary of Author Suggestions ............................................... 71 F-1 Study-Specific Descriptive Information for Studies for Individuals with Disabilities .................................. ........................ F-12 F-2 Summary of Study Characteristics for Studies for Individuals with Disabilities . ....... F-14 v This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. ABSTRACT Sexual violence is a major public health and social problem in the United States and worldwide. Unfortunately, little is known about the effectiveness of sexual assault preventive interventions (SAPIs) in deterring future sexual violence. To bring forth more systematic and well- informed studies, it is essential for researchers to know which SAPIs have been evaluated and the results of these evaluations. In response to this need, RTI International performed an evidence- based review of SAPIs, documented what is known about SAPI evaluation research, identified significant gaps, and provided recommendations for future sexual assault prevention practice and research. This systematic, comprehensive literature review of English-language articles (within and outside the United States) evaluating SAPIs generated study-specific descriptions as well as summary information on a variety of study characteristics. In conducting this review, RTI followed the rigorous methodology developed by three organizations recognized internationally for facilitating
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