DOCSLIB.ORG

Probiotics and Their Use in Commercially Important Aquaculture Species in the Northeastern United States

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Probiotics and Their Use in Commercially Important Aquaculture Species in the Northeastern United States PROBIOTICS AND THEIR USE IN COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT AQUACULTURE SPECIES IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES by JACQUELINE L. MYER A THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Natural Resources Graduate Program of Delaware State University DOVER, DELAWARE December 2018 This thesis is approved by the following members of the Final Oral Review Committee: Dr. Dennis McIntosh, Committee Chairperson, Department of Agriculture, Delaware State University Dr. Dewayne Fox, Committee Member, Department of Agriculture, Delaware State University Dr. Sigrid Smith, Committee Member, Department of Agriculture, Delaware State University Dr. Eric Schott, External Committee Member, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Dr. Hal Schreier, External Committee Member, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland © Jacqueline L. Myer All Rights Reserved Dedication Husband. You know what you did. i Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincere thanks to my advisor, Dr. Dennis McIntosh who was not only one of the three men who isolated the probiotics used in my thesis research, but also got funding for my thesis and helped me to achieve the work needed for this thesis. I would also thank Drs. Harold Schreier and Eric Schott, who along with Dr. McIntosh studied the probiotic strains used in this thesis. They also advised me through my thesis work and were members of my committee. I would like to thank the rest of my committee; Dr. Dewayne Fox for his help with editing, Dr. Sigrid Smith who not only helped me with the statistics for my thesis, but also helped me to better understand statistics and its necessity in my career. Additional thanks to Dr. Kevina Vulinec who was not only my first introduction to statistical science regarding natural resources, but also contributed greatly to my success in my thesis. I would also like to thank Dr. Stephen Hughes, from Cheyney University, and Mike Freeze, from Keo Fish Farms Inc., for helping me get multiple species of finfish for my experiments. None of this would have been possible without the help from all mentioned above. ii Probiotics and their use in Commercially Important Aquaculture Species in the Northeastern United States Jacqueline L. Myer Faculty Advisor: Dr. Dennis McIntosh Thesis Abstract Probiotics have shown to be beneficial to aquatic farming in aspects such as growth and development. This study, using three commercial aquaculture species, intends to ascertain if certain strains of Bacillus and Shewanella bacteria could possibly be used in aquaculture to improve finfish growth and survival, and be classified as true probiotics. Trials run at the DSU ARDF dose Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) with three probiotics Bacillus spp. (Iso 5 and Iso 11) and Shewanella spp. (Iso 12). Mortality was observed in three finfish trials over a 56-day trial or until one tank in the trial attained 10% survival. Ammonia, nitrite and nitrate were monitored throughout the trial. Feed conversion ratios, specific growth rates, weight gains and mortality were assessed at the end of the study. During the Nile tilapia experiment control tanks lost a total of 42 of 75 fish. ISO 12 (60/75), ISO 5 (56/75), and ISO 11 (58/75), treated tanks had statistically higher survival rates then the control tanks. Significant differences were also seen in survival during the hybrid striped bass experiment between the control tanks (16/30), ISO 12 (24/30) and ISO 11 (30/30). No significant differences were seen in survival for the rainbow trout experiment, but no treatment lost more than 10 finfish during the entirety of the experiment. iii Significant differences were observed for nitrite concentrations among tanks with probiotic treatments in the hybrid striped bass as well as with the rainbow trout experiment. ISO 5 treated tanks had a significantly lower concentration (0.107 ± 0.027 mg/l) of nitrite when compared to control tanks (0.231 ± 0.027 mg/l) during the rainbow trout experiment. Tanks treated with ISO 12 were significantly higher in nitrite concentration (0.038 ± 0.002 mg/l) than tanks treated with ISO 5 (0.030 ± 0.002 mg/l), and significantly higher than those treated with ISO 11 (0.029 ± 0.002 mg/l) during the hybrid striped bass experiment. The difference in ISO 5 and ISO 12 nitrite concentrations could be attributed to the ability of Bacillus spp. bacteria to metabolize ammonia into nitrate and nitrite, jumpstarting the nitrogen cycle. ISO 12 treated tanks very high nitrite concentration in comparison, might also be due to Shewanella spp. ability to denitrify nitrate into nitrite. If the experiment had lasted longer, perhaps an eventual decrease in nitrite would have been seen as the nitrite was converted into ammonium, a benign gaseous output. All three tested bacteria have the potential to be probiotics and used in aquaculture. Higher survival of finfish in the probiotic treatment tanks and the control tanks suggest that all three probiotics have the ability to increase survival in warm water (24 ºC) conditions, though no significant results were observed for cooler water (19 ºC). ISO 5, Bacillus cereus, and ISO 12, Shewanella spp., were both shown to have an effect on the concentrations of nitrite, but ISO 5 decreased the nitrite concentration while ISO 12 increased the concentrations when compared to ISO 5 and ISO 11, not the control. Further testing is required for ISO 12 to see if it could possibly lower the nitrite over a longer time period. Further testing is required for all three iv probiotic strains, and different systems as well as temperatures and salinities should be used to better understand the functions of these bacteria. v Table of Contents Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... vi List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ vii List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. viii Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Literature Review ...................................................................................................... 8 Chapter 3: Materials and Meathods ......................................................................................... 11 Chapter 4: Results ...................................................................................................................... 19 Tilapia ................................................................................................................................... 19 Rainbow trout ........................................................................................................................ 26 Hybrid striped bass ............................................................................................................... 32 Chapter 5: Discussion ................................................................................................................. 38 Tilapia ................................................................................................................................... 38 Rainbow trout ........................................................................................................................ 40 Hybrid Striped Bass .............................................................................................................. 41 Probiotics .............................................................................................................................. 42 Chapter 6. Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 46 References .................................................................................................................................... 49 Appendix ...................................................................................................................................... 55 vi List of Tables Table 1-1. Value of finfish aquaculture (thousands of dollars) in the Northeast (NE) region vs. the whole United States of reporting farms in the 2012 USDA Census of Aquaculture (USDA 2013). ..................................................................................................................... 2 Table 1-2. Value in the Northeast (Table 1-1). vs. total United States value of three commercially important fish species (thousands of dollars). Data represent the farm gate value of the various species as reported in the Fisheries of the United States 2014 (NMFS 2015). .................................................................................................................................. 3 Table 1-3. Comparison of observed functions of Bacillaceae and Shewanellaceae., two families of probiotics used in aquaculture. This table indicates the genus of the probiotic tested, the host species and the observed benefit(s). ...................................................................... 5 Table 3-1. Bacteria in use for the trials detailed in this thesis. Each of the probiotics were taken from the Mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) in a previous effort (McIntosh et
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ICE SPEARING DECOYS and RELATED PARAPHERNALIA, an ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY and INDEX
    ICE SPEARING DECOYS and RELATED PARAPHERNALIA, AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX by Gary L. Miller Copyright 1980 – May 3, 2016 Author’s note: This is intended to be a dual purpose document. It can be used in this digital format (or printed out) as a traditional bibliography or it can be used as a digital index by utilizing your computer’s search function. Either way I think you will find it a very useful tool. BOOKS: Anonymous. The Sportsman’s Portfolio of American Field Sports. Boston: M. M. Ballou, 1855. (Pp.20 and 24 contain illustrations and descriptions of fishing with tip-ups for pike and smelt). Apfelbaum, Ben, Eli Gottlieb and Steven J. Michaan. Beneath the Ice, The Art of the Spear Fishing Decoy. New York: E. P. Dutton and Company in association with The Museum of American Folk Art, 1990. (Basically an exhibition catalog for the exhibit of the same name. Beautifully photographed. Minimal text.) Baron, Frank R. and Raymond L. Carver. Bud Stewart, Michigan’s Legendary Lure Maker. Hillsdale, Michigan: Ferguson Communications, 1990. (228 pages with hundreds of black & white and color illustrations but poor photo editing resulted in many items being chopped off in the pictures. Nevertheless an essential reference for the Bud Stewart collector. An interesting commentary on ice spear fishing and decoys by Bud that curiously is not entirely consistent with the actual decoys). Baron, Frank R. One Fish, Two Fish, Green Fish, Blue Fish. Livonia, Michigan: Frank Baron, 1992. (A homemade booklet comprised of copies of articles and essays by Frank Baron, Harold Dickert and Marcel Salive, most of which were previously published in various periodicals and in Frank’s own decoy sale lists.
    [Show full text]
  • Winter 2019 Vol. 45, No. 1
    The American Fly Fisher Journal of the American Museum of Fly Fishing Extraordinary Flies Fly tier Ryan Whitney brought flies to Hooked on the Holidays that kids could drop into their hand-decorated ornaments. He and Bill Sylvester were on hand to tie flies, and Yoshi Foster Bam Robert A. Oden Jr. Akiyama helped the youngest Dave Beveridge Erik R. Oken participants tie clown flies. Other Peter Bowden Annie Hollis Perkins holiday activities included a trout- Mark Comora Leigh H. Perkins Kelsey McBride Kelsey cookie decorating station. Deborah Pratt Dawson Frederick S. Polhemus Ronald Gard Roger Riccardi , D D of Branford, of his passing, immediately began com- Alan Gnann Robert G. Scott Connecticut, donated a collection of forting one another with stories. Former Gardner Grant Jr. Nicholas F. Selch Iflies to the museum. When museum Hexagraph owner Harry Briscoe and I John Hadden Ronald B. Stuckey staff were gathering artifacts for an exhibit exchanged several e-mails. In one, he men- James Heckman, MD Tyler S. Thompson in , they rediscovered the flies, which tioned the hand-created Christmas greet- Karen Kaplan Richard G. Tisch turned out to be, as far as anyone knows, ings that John used to send. “Each was an Woods King III David H. Walsh the oldest in existence. The Harris collec- original in its own right, signed and some- William P. Leary III Andrew Ward tion—so named for author John Richard times numbered . the opposing side con- Anthony J. Magardino Patricia Watson Harris, an Irish entomologist who owned tained a handwritten note—always in pen- the collection at a key point in its long his- cil.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 NJ Marine Digest
    2019 Marine Fishing Season Dates and Limits • FREE New Jersey May 2019 Size and Possession Limits page 21 A Summary of Recreational Regulations and Marine Fish and Shellfish Management Information NJFishandWildlife.com Unforgettable Adventures. Feel-Good Savings. Heed the call of adventure with great insurance coverage. Boat insurance serviced by the boating experts. Get a fast, free quote today. geico.com | 1-800-865-4846 | Local Office Some discounts, coverages, payment plans and features are not available in all states, in all GEICO companies, or in all situations. Boat and PWC coverages are underwritten by GEICO Marine Insurance Company. In the state of CA, program provided through Boat Association Insurance Services, license #0H87086. GEICO is a registered service mark of Government Employees Insurance Company, Washington, DC 20076; a Berkshire Hathaway Inc. subsidiary. © 2019 GEICO 10 Governor’s Surf Fishing Tournament 14 Marine Fish Regulations — Finfish 18 Marine Species Identification 20 Marine Regulations — Mollusks and Crustaceans 21 State Seasons, Minimum Size and Possession Limits Chart 22 Federal Recreational Fishing Regulations 23 Shellfish and Non-Commercial Crab Pot License Information 26 Skillful Angler Recognition Program 28 New Jersey State Record Marine Sport Fish 30 Health Advisories Black Sea Bass hotlines 6 Management New Jersey Fish and Wildlife Report Marine, Shellfish and Finfish Violations (609) 748-2050 or call the 24-hour DEP Hotline: 877-WARNDEP Violators of the Marine Fisheries laws are subject to a $30 per fish or $300 to $3,000 fine. Federal Marine Fisheries Contacts NOAA Fisheries NOAA Fisheries Office of Law Federal Fisheries Law Enforcement Hotline Enforcement — Northeast Enforcement Field Offices 24-hour non-emergency tipline Enforcement Division HQ Wall: (732) 280-6490 (800) 853-1964 (978) 281-9249 Northfield: (609) 415-2941 This DIGEST is available photocopied in an enlarged format for the visually impaired.
    [Show full text]
  • AA Classic Flyer Back May 2021
    Fishing Area . WWeellccoommee AAMMEERRIICCAANN Walk on and 4x4 anglers may fish where ever they like Welcome to the American Angler Classic, a surf fishing in between 40th and 80th streets in Long Beach Township tournament brought to you by American Angler Fishing aka Brant Beach. If a walk on angler gets a fishing area Club. The American Angler Classic will be held on LBI ANANGGLLEERR before someone in a vehicle, they were considered on Sunday, May 2, 2021. Mobile judge stations will be there first. These are the multi use beach rules of the every 800 or so feet. This tournament has free 4 x 4 tournament. This rule is also for local non participants access with paid registration. Fishing is the entire beach of the tournament. Otherwise, first come first serve! front of Brant Beach. The awards will be started after the Demo around 2pm barring COVID. Anglers who win Landed fish are encouraged to be released alive. will receive a check that day for their winnings. This Anglers are advised to bring a bucket or container to tournament is limited and early registration is advised. keep their catch alive as long as possible until scored. For more information or to register online go to www.Americananglerus.com Prizes There are two categories for prizes. Adult and Youth. Century Rod Demo Prizes below are awarded to the largest in length fish landed and scored as per the rules. Century Rod/Advanced Fishing-USA will be hold- For adults 18 years and older ing a free casting Demo, directly after the American Angler Classic Tournament on May 2nd, 2021 at the First Place Largest Fish: $300.00 in gift cards Bay View Park off of Long Beach Blvd in Brant ($100.00 each from Jingles/Surf City bait & tackle Beach, NJ.
    [Show full text]
  • The Foreign Squid Fishery Off the Northeast United States Coast
    The Foreign Squid Fishery Off the Northeast United States Coast DAVID J. KOLATOR and DOUGLAS P LONG Introduction 1977. This act establishes exclusive were used to determine the seasonal fishery management authority for the fishing vessel concentrations. Catch Squid has long been a popular food United States within the sea adjOining and effort data were gathered from the fish in the foreign market and thus a territorial waters and extending off­ biweekly and weekly catch reports highly sought marine resource by the shore some 197 miles. required of each vessel. foreign fishing fleet. Foreign vessels One of the regulations issued under began reporting incidental catches of Historical Background the FCMA requires that each foreign squid off the northeast U.S. coast In United States fishermen have been vessel fishing within the U.S. 200-mile 1964, with directed fisheries starting landing squid on its northeast coast limit maintain a detailed daily log of its in 1968. During the past 5 years, the since the 1880's. According to Lyles operations. As a check of the accu~acy foreign fleet has taken an average of (1968), most squid have been taken and completeness of this informatIon, 50000 metric tons (t) of squid per year. incidental to fishing for other specIes. the United States is authorized to place The 1978 optimum yield of squid has These catches were and still are prima­ a fishery observer aboard each foreign been set at 79,000 t (29,000 t of !/Iex, rily taken on inshore grounds. In the vessel. short-finned squid, and 19,000 t of earlier fishery, otter trawls and fish Usually the observer is placed on Loligo, long-finned S4uid, foreign traps were the principal harvesting board for a 2- to J-week period.
    [Show full text]
  • Fly Tyer 13 Skills 2016 Simple Fundamentals Media Kit to Catch More Fish We
    DIY MEXICO: Bonefish, Snook, andT arpon PAGE 62 ® THE FLY FISHING AUTHORITY we AMERICAN ANGLER BASIC & FLY TYER 13 SKILLS 2016 Simple Fundamentals MEDIA KIT To Catch More Fish we PUGET SOUND Appalachian PINK SALMON TROUT TRIFECTA THE VERSATILE WOOLLY BUGGER FISHING FRY FLIES ”EXPEDITIONS” TRAVEL RATES AMERICAN ANGLER FREQUENCY 1X 3X 6X 2015/16PUBLICATION PUBLICATION A D SIZ ES SCHEDULE BLACK & WHITE: S C H EDU LE March–APRIL NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2015 FULL PAGE FULL-PAGE $2,260 $1,840 $1,530 Ad Close: 12/23/09 1 7 Ad Closing: 8/24/15 8 ⁄8” x 10 ⁄8” MaterialsMaterials D Due:ue: 8/28/15 12/28/09 TWO-THIRDS 1,740 1,430 1,230 Mail Date: 2/2/10 TRIM Mailing Date: 9/24/15 3 1 8 ⁄8” x 11 ⁄8” ONE-HALF 1,430 1,120 920 BLEED JMANUAAY-JRY/FUNEEBRUARY 2016 ONE-THIRD 920 710 550 AAdd C Closing:lose: 2/25/10 10/27/15 (SEE MECHANICAL MaterialsMaterials D Due:ue: 11/5/15 3/1/10 REQUIREMENTS) ONE-SIXTH 610 500 330 MailingMailing D Date:ate: 11/25/15 4/6/10 ONE-TWELFTH 400 230 180 MJULY-ARCHA/UGUSTAPRIL 2016 AAdd C Closing:lose: 4/21/10 12/28/15 Materials Due: 1/7/16 TWO-C OLOR A DVERTISING: Materials Due: 4/26/10 MailingMailing D Date:ate: 2/18/16 6/2/10 Contact your advertising representative. ONE- THIRD MAY/JUNE 2016 TWO- SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER THIRDS VERTICAL Ad Closing: 2/19/16 5 1 Ad Closing: 6/23/10 4 ⁄8” x 10” 2 ⁄4” FOUR-C OLOR: Materials Due: 2/29/16 x MailingMaterials Date: Due: 3/28/16 6/28/10 10” FULL-PAGE $3,080 $2,670 $2,260 Mailing Date: 8/4/10 JULY/AUGUST 2016 TWO-THIRDS 2,360 1,950 1,740 ANdOVE Closing:MBer– 4/18/16DECEMBER MaterialsAd Closing:
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter in Fish Conservation Was Born
    A Dissertation Flies Only: Early Sport Fishing Conservation on Michigan’s Au Sable River By Bryon Borgelt Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctoral of Philosophy in History _________________________________ Advisor: Diane F. Britton _________________________________ College of Graduate Studies The University of Toledo May 2009 An Abstract of Flies Only: Early Sport Fishing Conservation on Michigan’s Au Sable River Bryon Borgelt Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctoral of Philosophy in History The University of Toledo May 2009 This dissertation focuses on the earliest stage of fish conservation on the Au Sable River of Michigan. It begins with the popularization of the grayling fishery in the nation’s sporting journals, such as Forest and Stream and Scribner’s Monthly where Thad Norris and others wrote of the adventure and abundance of fly fishing on the Au Sable. By the 1890s the grayling were all but gone due in part to over fishing, commercial lumbering and the introduction of non-native brook trout. Despite the absence of the grayling, a sustainable sport fishing industry had risen from the ashes of the cut over lands of the Michigan High Plains. Early sport fishers had recognized man’s role in the loss of grayling and began their own versions of fish and stream conservation centered in the towns of Grayling and Lovells. Early fish conservation looked directly at protecting the resource itself, and not the modern holistic approach that encompasses the entire ecosystem. The first focus was to create state laws that closed seasons and promoted more sporting methods of capture such as the use of a hook and line.
    [Show full text]
  • Surviving Fisheries Management: Angling, Aquaculture, and Lake Ahmic
    SURVIVING FISHERIES MANAGEMENT: ANGLING, AQUACULTURE, AND LAKE AHMIC Michael David Del Vecchio SUBMITTED INPARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF ART IN HISTORY NIPISSING UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES NORTH BAY, ONTARIO © Michael David Del Vecchio September 2010 i Abstract The vast majority of inland waters in Ontario have been designated as purely recreational fisheries. Environmental historians who study human-fish relations have demonstrated the influence of anglers in the establishment of fishing regulations and fisheries management policies that sought to maximize fish resources for sport fishing and fishing tourism. To achieve this goal, aquaculture programs were conducted throughout Ontario that artificially reared fish and planted them in lakes. For over a century, from approximately 1860-1960, the Ontario government relied on aquaculture as a blanket solution to all fishery problems. Over the past fifty years, fisheries science has questioned the ecological benefits of stocking programs. Stocking efforts in the province have been drastically reduced since the 1960s but have continued largely because of grass root initiatives from concerned anglers. Lake Ahmic is home to a small cottage community based out of the village of Magnetawan. The lake has been stocked with a variety of fish species for over a hundred years. In addition to this, several species have been accidentally introduced to Lake Ahmic altering its ecological balance. Between 1987 and 2006, a local angling organization was responsible for initiating and running a walleye-stocking program on Lake Ahmic. In 2006, to the disappointment of the local anglers and greater Magnetawan community, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources canceled the stocking program.
    [Show full text]
  • Fishing Gear Associated with Global Marine Catches II. Trends in Trawling and Dredging
    Fisheries Research 79 (2006) 103–111 Fishing gear associated with global marine catches II. Trends in trawling and dredging R. Watson a,∗,C.Revengab,Y.Kurab a UBC Fisheries Centre, Aquatic Ecosystems Research Laboratory, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4 b World Resources Institute, 10 G Street, NE, Washington, DC 20002, USA Received 25 August 2005; received in revised form 28 December 2005; accepted 5 January 2006 Abstract A new method for associating global marine catch statistics with fishing gears has allowed the creation of maps which detail the changing use of fishing gears such as trawls and dredges from the 1950s to the present. These gears, often associated with high impacts on benthic communities, are associated with a wide range of demersal fish, molluscan and crustacean catch. The use of these gears has increased globally since the 1950s when it accounted for more than 40% of reported catches to a peak in most areas such as North America and Europe in the 1980s. This increase extended into the 1990s along the coast of Argentina particularly for squid. Dredging, usually associated with the catch of bivalves, often peaked later than trawling but had begun to decline in most areas by the 1990s. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Fishing gear; Database; Fish catch; Trawl; Dredge 1. Introduction 1998). Besides the immediate impacts on bottom sedi- ments and turbidity, broader impacts on benthic habitats Bottom trawls and dredges are among the most destruc- and on bottom-living species can last decades or even tive fishing gears in use (Engel and Kvitek, 1998), with the centuries.
    [Show full text]
  • FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture
    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Fisheries and for a world without hunger Aquaculture Department Species Fact Sheets Lophius americanus (Valenciennes, 1837) Lophius americanus: (click for more) Lophius americanus: (click for more) FAO Names En - American angler, Fr - Baudroie d'Amérique, Sp - Rape americano. 3Alpha Code: ANG Taxonomic Code: 1950100103 Diagnostic Features Body and head strongly depressed; head narrow with snout length greater than head width. Gill openings not extending in front of pectoral base. Eyes small. Olfatory organs constricted at base, larger in mature males than in mature females. Illicium long (19.5-26.9% of SL); esca a simple pennant-like flap; very short third dorsal spine, it is length less than snout width; short fourth dorsal spine, its length less than snout width. Dorsal fin with 11-12 rays; Pectoral fin broad with 25-28 rays. Anal fin with 9-10 rays. Peritoneum light. Colour in preservative dark brown above with numerous very small darker brown spots, ventral body surface light tan; dorsal surface of pectoral fin similar to dorsal surface of body proximally, darker distally; ventral surface of pectoral fin light proximally, distal third gradually darkening to color of dorsal surface; pelvic fins darker distally; all fin rays with light tips; esca simple pennant-like flap with dark spot at base, greenish in life. Geographical Distribution FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Launch the Aquatic Species Distribution map viewer L. americanus inhabits the western North Atlantic from the Grand Banks of Newfoundland and the northern Gulf of Saint Lawrence south to Cape Hatteras. Records from the Gulf of Mexico, Carribean Sea, and Atlantic ocean south of Florida (Goode and Bean, 1896; Regan, 1903).
    [Show full text]
  • Food of Silver Hakem Red Hake and Other Fishes of Georges Bank And
    NAFO Sci. Coun. Studies, 7: 87-94 Food of Silver Hake, Red Hake and Other Fishes of Georges Bank and Adjacent Waters, 1968-74* V. I. Vinogradov Atlantic Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (AtlantNIRO) 5 Dmitry Donskoy Street, Kaliningrad, USSR Abstract Data on feeding of various pelagic, near-bottom and bottom fishes of Georges Bank and adjacent waters are examined. The species are grouped and discussed according to dietary similarities. Comparisons are made between the feeding spectra of silver hake, red hake, Atlantic herring, Atlantic mackerel, pollock, Atlantic cod, haddock, white hake, spiny dogfish, American angler, Atlantic sea raven, yellowtail flounder and American plaice. Although the feeding of silver hake and red hake is shown to be influenced by homologous ecological factors, production of these species depends on different ecological groups of food organisms, silver hake mainly on pelagic' forms and red hake mainly on benthic forms. Silver hake was found to be one of the most significant predators of young silver hake and red hake in the ecosystem of the region. Introduction Materials and Methods During the past two decades, the fish populations . Stomachs of silver hake, red hake and other fish of the Northwest Atlantic have declined as a conse­ species were collected during trawling operations of quence of fishing pressure. Edwards (1976) consi­ USSR research and exploratory vessels and during dered that unregulated fishing was the main reason for joint USSR-USA trawl surveys of Georges Bank and the decline in catches of the major commercial fish adjacent waters in 1968-74 (Fig. 1). The stomachs were species.
    [Show full text]
  • Vol. 6, No. 1, Winter, 1979
    The American Fly Fisher Vol. 6, No. 1 WINTER 1979 Annual Meet i ng OFFICERS President May 12,1979 Leon Martuch Vice President Members and their friends are cordially invited to the Steve Raymond 1979 Annual Meeting of The Museum of American Fly Fishing. You will soon be receiving detailed information Vice President about the day's events, which will include the following: Austin S. Hogan 19th Century Angling Outing - This activity was very Treasurer well-received last year, so we have expanded it, and will be Leigh H. Perkins able to provide participants with three fishing outfits unlike any they will encounter along today's rivers. Come and try Secretary and Ass't Treasurer your hand with lancewood, greenheart, gut-snelled flies, and Mrs. Laura Towslee the wily Battenkill trout. Fund-Raising Auction - The auction has become a Executive Director favored tradition, raising about $3,000 each of the last two Paul Schullery years. A great variety of tackle will be available. If you have something to add, send it along; if you're a fly-tier, send us a few of your favorites. Any hunting or fishing related items are welcome. Business Meeting - The Museum's collection and its ambition are both growing fast. We have many plans to make. Banquet - The evening dinner will be highlighted by TRUSTEES the usual outstanding meal; speakers will be announced later. A formal announcement will be sent to all members. Robert Barrett David B. Ledlie Please make your plans and reservations early. If you have Richard Bauer Alvan Macauley, Jr. any auction items to send, it will greatly aid our preparations Joseph Spear Beck Leon L.
    [Show full text]