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476461 1 En Bookbackmatter 189..268 Appendix A Survey Questionnaire © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 189 L. Sui Pheng and L. Shing Hou, Construction Quality and the Economy, Management in the Built Environment, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5847-0 190 Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire 191 192 Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire 193 194 Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire 195 196 Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire 197 198 Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire 199 200 Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire 201 Appendix B Path Relationships Significant at the 1% Significance Level H1a-e H2 H4a-b © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 203 L. Sui Pheng and L. Shing Hou, Construction Quality and the Economy, Management in the Built Environment, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5847-0 Appendix C Path Relationships Significant at the 5% Significance Level H1a-e H2 H4a-b © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 205 L. Sui Pheng and L. Shing Hou, Construction Quality and the Economy, Management in the Built Environment, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5847-0 Appendix D Path Relationships Significant at the 10% Significance Level © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 207 L. Sui Pheng and L. Shing Hou, Construction Quality and the Economy, Management in the Built Environment, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5847-0 Appendix E Path Relationships Significant at the 25% Significance Level H1a-e H2 H4a-b H3a H3c © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 209 L. Sui Pheng and L. Shing Hou, Construction Quality and the Economy, Management in the Built Environment, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5847-0 Appendix F Path Relationships Significant at the 50% Significance Level H1a-e H2 H4a-b H3a H5a H5b H1g, h, I, j, k, l H3b H4a-b H5b H3c H4a-b H1n-p © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 211 L. Sui Pheng and L. Shing Hou, Construction Quality and the Economy, Management in the Built Environment, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5847-0 Appendix G Case Study Interview with Mr. A Mr. A Date of interview: 7 December 2017 Time of interview: 3pm to 4pm BCA CRS grading of current company: A1 Contractor Position in the company: Senior QA/QC Manager Years of experience in the construction industry: >20 years The first question, when did you join the company? 1996. Why are some of your company’s projects under the Construction Quality Assessment Scheme (CONQUAS) while others are under the quality mark (QM) scheme? These two schemes are different. CONQUAS is compulsory for public housing projects. Beside these private projects, we also go for CONQUAS. By doing QM, we believe that the score will be better because QM score will be translated to architectural score so that helps the overall CONQUAS score. On top of that, we believe that by subjecting our projects to QM, we will produce better quality units. And of course QM is an initiative by developers. Otherwise it has been tradition and we have been doing that. When I look at CONQUAS scoring, I realized that Architectural scored the lowest among the three. Why? Yes, it’s always the case for most Contractors. Because in a construction site, I believe during your attachment, you went through the process. In terms of structural works it’s relatively speaking, straightforward. Furthermore, sampling can be done © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 213 L. Sui Pheng and L. Shing Hou, Construction Quality and the Economy, Management in the Built Environment, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5847-0 214 Appendix G: Case Study Interview with Mr. A and this makes it easier to control because, on the construction site, structural works subcontractor is usually a single guy. He does everything; he does concreting, he does formwork, he does rebar. Easier to manage. For that matter CONQUAS score tends to be higher. MEP, also not that difficult, as it’s based on whether the work follows the drawings or not. But, architectural trade is more complicated. There are many trades involved, and they are interdependent. So somehow, it’s not easy to control or manage the quality so as to speak. And many a times, quality suffers when the sequencing is wrong. Why sequencing is wrong? Because of rushing to meet the deadline. So we compromise. Look at the number of workers involved in the construction site. You see that most workers are in the architectural trade and there are a lot of dependencies. So once one guy fails, the others will suffer. Over your past fifteen years of experience with your current company, do you notice any dips in construction quality due to any particular reason? I don’t remember any sudden dip in the past, as far as our company is concerned. I don’t know about the others. Because as long as you have a culture and as long as you have a team to look at, manage the quality, more or less the standard will be there. Especially so when, just now I mentioned, CONQUAS, QM, that is the yardstick that will help to track and monitor our performance. So, unless you don’t have a standard, then it will drop, without knowing. The past CONQUAS score for your company is in fact much higher than past CONQUAS score in some of the recession years in 1998, 2001 global IT meltdown, 2002, 2003 SARS period which dragged on to 2004, 2008 financial crisis, and now we have the looming technical recession. Just by looking at the periods of recession, I realize that many of your company’s CONQUAS scored relatively poorly in the recession years. Why? Of course, from the earlier years, we are lower. Same with all the other Contractors. I think it’s typical of all the Contractors. Because slowly they know what is expected of them. They know how to score better so it gets better and better. (Interviewee looking through CONQUAS trends that interviewer handed him): This is school (pointing to the 2001/2002 period). School cannot be compared with residential. This is school again. I can tell. I don’t think so. If you ask me, I don’t think so. The trend for my company is going up. We plotted this out before. Can you point out two projects that the construction quality is not as good compared to the rest of your track records? As I mentioned, one of the school projects we didn’t do quite well as it was an institution and we have no experience in that before. I was involved in that project actually. One of the reasons was because that project went into delay. Of course quality will not be the priority. And it is time that matters most. So for that matter, it suffers. So, if you ask me, this school project is one of the not as good ones. We have another school around the same time scoring better 78.7. That school went Appendix G: Case Study Interview with Mr. A 215 relatively smoother than mine so it most likely translates into higher quality. So it’s mostly Addition and Alteration (A&A) works and it’s relatively simpler. It boils down to whether you have the time or not. So is this project affected by economic situation, definitely, not clear here. But, there should be some kind of relationship. When the pricing is low, you tend to get the subcontractors that are not that competent. They are not competent, we will be expecting delay. When there is a delay, there will be a rush. When you rush, I think you study before, time, cost and quality, you should suffer from quality. There is no doubt about that. So this is one but the other one, I can’t find another one. More or less it is the same, I can’t really pin point. The rest are more or less there. Is there any project that has cost constraints? Not really. The thing is that this is our client project. When you talk about client project, most of them are our own projects. We have two companies here, the developer and the contractor. So basically, there won’t be so much of an issue pertaining to cost. If we do external then it’s another story. So if there is anything you compare Housing and Development Board (HDB), those are external projects. We are quite familiar with HDB so, more or less it’s there. 80 plus 90 plus, the next thing we are moving into the CONQUAS star, we have not gotten a CONQUAS star for HDB. We got three projects ending about the same time, end of this year, so we are aiming for that. The trend is going up and there is no significant drop. Based on your experience, what do you think are the impacts of recession on the industry? Economic recession comes there is not enough projects and people cut throat to get projects. Actually it’s happening now also, HDB price keep dropping until we don’t want to tender. Building and Construction Authority (BCA) are also warning the industry not to drop the price like that. So, if you ask me, definitely there’s an impact, whoever gets the job in order to make some profit out of it, they will compromise something. But of course, material wise they can’t compromise much because some how they need to be approved, the materials have to come from an approved supplier.
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