Beekar-the-numismatist About this BLOG

1.) THE QUICKEST CIRCULATING COIN OF INDIA 2.) METAMORPHOSIS OF 1 RUPEE COINS OF INDIA, 1835 TO 2011 3.) REGULAR ANNA/ PICE SERIES COINS OF REPUBLIC OF INDIA 4.) DECIMAL 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50 PAISE REGULAR COINS 5.) DECIMAL 1, 2, 5, 10 RUPEES REGULAR 6.) REGULAR CROSS COINS, ISSUED IN INDIA 7.) 5, 10, 20, 25 PAISE COMMEMORATIVE COINS OF INDIA | 8.) 50 PAISE COMMEMORATIVE COINS OF INDIA 9.) 1 RUPEE COMMEMORATIVE COINS OF INDIA 10.) 2 RUPEES CIRCULATING COMMEMORATIVE COINS OF INDIA 11.) 5 RUPEES CIRCULATING COMMEMORATIVE COINS OF INDIA 12.) 10 RUPEES CIRCULATING COMMEMORATIVE COINS OF INDIA 13.) MINT ERROR COINS OF INDIA 14.) THE MULE COINS OF REPUBLIC INDIA 15.) THE FAKE COINS OF INDIA 16.) AN INTERESTING 100 RUPEES NOTE

About This Blog

Dear Friend, Thank you for visiting my blog. I have been collecting coins of India from my child hood days. At that time, no internet was there, what to speak of internet, even no reference books on coin collection, were available with me. I simply collected coins from circulation, choosing only by different designs.

After buying a reference book on coins, “Nineteenth & Twentieth Century Coins of India”, written by Mr. D Chakravarty of Kolkata, I gained a good knowledge about the science of coin collection. After getting a broad- band connection, I had the privilege of accessing the Internet and got a chance to visit many sites on coin collection and learnt many facts about coins.

As I am a teacher by profession, I wished to share my knowledge about coins with my fellow collectors and I presume that I have achieved my aim to some extent by starting this blog. I have tried to post the facts and figures needed by collectors of coins. You, as a guest to this blog, are the right person to impartially judge about how far I am successful in my mission.

This blog has not been created by me to show up my collection; rather it is a knowledge sharing platform. Coin photos from many other collector friends are also placed in this blog for knowledge sharing purpose and help of those collectors are duly acknowledged by me. If you have any interesting coin with you in your collection and wish to share it with others, you are cordially invited to join hands with me and let us all try to push Indian Numismatics to a new height.

To see detailed description and photographs about any topic please click the link placed on the top of any page under the heading "Beekar-the-Numismatist". The photographs of the coins, not collected by me, are not given. Your creative suggestions, criticism are cordially invited for the improvement of the matter furnished in this blog. To err is human. If you find any errors anywhere, please feel free to point out those errors, so that those would be removed as early as possible.

1.) THE QUICKEST CIRCULATING COIN OF INDIA

The 5 Rupees. “Connectivity and IT” coin: In the years 2007 and 2008, India issued a new steel coin in the denomination of 5 rupees.

Details about this coin: Metal: Ferritic Stainless Steel (Iron - 83% + Chromium - 17%) Weight: 6 Gms Diameter: 23 mm Obverse: The face of the coin is divided into three portions with two horizontal lines. The center portion bears the "Lion Capitol" of Ashoka Pillar with the legend "Satyameva Jayate" inscribed below. The top portion contains word "Bharat" in Hindi and "INDIA" in English and bottom portion contains the Year of issue in International Numerals. Reverse: The lower periphery of this face of the coin contains the two visual metaphors which depicts the smooth fluid mass representing the ceaseless flow of data/information in the ether. In the center, Denominational Value "5" in International Numerals and in upper periphery the word “Rupaye" in Hindi and the word "Rupees" in English. Shape: Circular Edge: Security

The 50 Paise “ Bharat Natyam” coin: In the years 2008, 2009 and 2010, India issued a new steel coin in the denomination of 50 Paise.

Details about this coin: Metal: Ferritic Stainless Steel (Iron - 83% + Chromium - 17%) Weight: 3.75 gm Diameter: 22mm Obverse: Almost same as the 5 rupee Connectivity and IT coin. Reverse: A clenched fist with value “50” in International Numerals Shape: Circular Edge: Plain

Comparison between these two coins: Both the coins are of the same shape, same metal and same Obverse. The difference between the diameter and weight is negligible. Though the reverse and the edge of both the coins are different, both the coins are identical to each other in many respects.

Reaction of the public towards this 5 rupee coin: As both the coins are identical to each other in many respects, it becomes difficult for general public to differentiate between these two coins at the time of transaction. As a result, most of the public (almost 99 out of 100) have wrongly given this 5 rupee coin as a 50 Paise coin to other persons, hence incurring a financial loss. Hence almost every person dislikes either to handle this 5 rupee coin or to keep this coin with them, due to the fear of incurring financial loss at some time. So almost every person (not the coin collectors) tries to get rid of this idiotic 5 rupee coin at the earliest opportunity. Hence this 5 rupees coin is the quickest circulating coin of India. 2.) METAMORPHOSIS OF 1 RUPEE COINS OF INDIA, 1835 TO 2011

Uniform coinage of India: Prior to 1835 A.D., the East India Company issued coins in Bengal Presidency, Bombay Presidency and Madras Presidency. These coins were circulated in local area for use in the local trade.

For any particular value, the coins circulated in different areas of India were of different weight, fineness and size. In order to remove this chaotic condition, East India Company decided to introduce a uniform coinage in the territories of the company.

All the details of the new coinage were laid down by Act XVIII of 1835. As per this act the weight of the rupee coin was standardized at 180 grains troy (1 Tola) and its fineness at 11/12 (i.e. 165 grains of pure silver and 15 grains of alloy). The rupee coin would bear the effigy of the then king of United Kingdom.

Standard Silver Rupee: Specifications Weight- 180 grains Metal composition- 165 grains of pure silver and 15 grains of alloy Diameter – 1.3” Shape - Circular Edge – milled Obv - effigy of the then king or queen of United Kingdom Rev – Value of the coin

1835 – 1840 (King William IIII)

Obv - Head of William IV with the legend “WILLIAM IIII KING” Rev – Value of the coin in English and Persian with the legend “EAST INDIA COMPANY” All other specifications are same as described above.

1840, (First issue) (Queen Victoria – Continuous Legend)

Obv – Uncrowned head of Queen Victoria with the continuous legend “VICTORIA QUEEN” All other specifications are same as described above.

1840 - 1861, (Second issue) (Queen Victoria – Divided Legend)

Obv - Uncrowned head of Queen Victoria with the divided legend “VICTORIA QUEEN” Dia – Changed from 1.3” to 1.2” All other specifications are same as described above.

After the Indian mutiny in 1857, the administration of India was transferred from East India Company to a Council of state under British crown. In the year 1858 Victoria was proclaimed as the queen of Great Britain and colonies.

1862 - 1876, (Queen Victoria, Crowned head)

Obv - Crowned bust of Queen Victoria in place of uncrowned head design of the earlier issues with the divided legend “VICTORIA QUEEN” Rev – Value of the coin in English only. Legend “EAST INDIA COMPANY” removed All other specifications are same as described above.

On 1.1.1877 Queen Victoria assumed the title of “Empress of India”. Hence the inscription on the Rupee and other coins was changed from “Victoria Queen” to “Victoria Empress”.

1877 - 1901, (Victoria Empress)

Obv - Crowned bust of Victoria Empress with the legend “VICTORIA EMPRESS” All other specifications are same as described above.

1901 - 1910, (King Edward VII)

Obv – Uncrowned head of King Edward VII with the legend “EDWARD VII KING & EMPEROR” Rev – Crown of the king, coin value in English and Persian and a floral design. All other specifications are same as described above.

King George Variable was coroneted on 22nd June, 1911 after the death of his father King Edward VII. Rupee coins were issued bearing his effigy from 1911 to 1922. No rupee coin was issued from 1923 to 1936.

1911 - 1936, (King George V)

Obv – Crowned head of King George V with the legend “GEORGE V KING EMPEROR” Rev – Coin value in English and Persian with date surrounded with a floral design. All other specifications are same as described above.

King George VI was coroneted in 1937. Rupee coins were issued bearing his effigy from 1938.

1937 - 1939, (King George VI)

Obv – Crowned head of King George VI with the legend “GEORGE VI KING EMPEROR” Years of Issue – 1938, 1939 All other specifications are same as described above.

Quaternary Silver Rupee: The 2nd World War started in 1939. Due to the war the price of silver rose high. The metal value of the silver rupee coin surpassed its face value. Hence the Government decided to issue rupee and other Standard Silver coins in quaternary alloy.

1940 - 1945, (King George VI)

Metal composition - Quaternary alloy (50% silver, 40% copper, 5% Nickel and 5% Zinc) Edge – Security Years of issue – 1940 to 1945 All other specifications are same as described above.

Pure Nickel Rupee: Due to the rise of price of silver after the end of World war II, the Government decided to issue rupee and other Quaternary Silver coins, in pure Nickel.

1947, (King George VI)

Year of issue – 1947 Rev – Value in English, Hindi and Persian with a stalking tiger. Metal composition – Pure Nickel Diameter – 1.1” All other specifications are same as described above.

1950 – 1956 (Republic of India ) (Old Currency)

Years of issue – 1950, 1954 Obv – Lion Capital of Ashoka, with the legend “GOVERNMENT OF INDIA “ Rev – A large 1 flanked by two ears of corn and value in English, and “Ek Rupaya” in Hindi. All other specifications are same as described above.

1957- 1974 (Republic of India) (Decimal Currency)

Years of issue – 1962, 1970 Obv – Lion Capital of Ashoka, with “INDIA” in English and “Bharat” in Hindi Rev – Same as above but value in Hindi changed to “Rupaya”. Weight - 10 grams Diameter – 28 mm All other specifications are same as described above.

Cupro Nickel Rupee: With a view to conserve Nickel which was in short supply throughout the world, the Government decided to issue rupee coins in Cupro nickel with less weight.

1975-1982 (Big size rupee)

Years of issue – 1975 to 1982 Metal composition – Cupro-Nickel (75% Copper and 25% Nickel) Weight - 8 grams All other specifications are same as described above.

1983-1991 (Small size rupee)

Years of issue – 1983 to 1991 Weight - 6 grams Diameter – 26 mm Edge – Security from 1983 to 1989, Upright milled from 1990 t0 1991 All other specifications are same as described above.

Stainless Steel Rupee: Due to gradual rise in the price of copper and Nickel, the intrinsic value of the Cupro-nickel coins surpassed its face value. To check the large scale diversion of these coins from circulation for melting purposes by dishonest traders, the Government decided to gradually change Cupro-nickel coins to steel coins. In this regard steel coins in the denomination of 10p, 25p and 50p were changed to steel from 1988. The rupee coin was issued in steel from 1992.

1992-2004 (Same design as 1983-1991 Cupro nickel rupee)

Years of issue – 1992 to 2004 Metal composition – Ferrite Stainless Steel (80.5% Iron, 18% Chromium) Weight - 4.85 grams Diameter – 25 mm Edge – Upright milled from 1992 to 1995, Plain edge from 1995 All other specifications are same as described above.

2004 – 2006 (Theme - Unity in diversity) (cross)

Years of issue – 2004 to 2006 Rev – a cross dividing 4 dots with value in English and Hindi Obv – “Bharat” in Hindi, “India” in English at top, Lion capital and big 1 between 2 horizontal lines, Year of issue at bottom Edge - Plain All other specifications are same as described above.

2007 – 2011 (Theme - Bharat Natyam) (One finger)

Years of issue – 2007 to 2011 Rev – A lady’s hand with pointing fore finger with a big 1 and “Rupaya” in Hindi,”Rupee” in English. Obv – “Bharat” in Hindi, “India” in English at top, Lion capital between 2 horizontal lines, Year of issue at bottom All other specifications are same as described above.

2011 (Theme – New Rupee Symbol)

Specifications Years of issue – 2011 Metal composition – Ferritic Stainless Steel (83% Iron, 17 % Chromium) Weight – 3.75 Gms Shape – Circular Diameter – 22 mm Edge – 25 serrations on diagonally opposite sides Obv – The face of the coin shows the Lion Capitol of Ashoka Pillar with the legend "Satyameva Jayate" in Hindi, inscribed below, flanked on the left periphery with the word "Bharat" in Hindi and on the right periphery with the word “INDIA" in English. Rev – The face of the coin shows the denominational value “1” in the international numerals flanked on the left and right periphery with a floral design. The upper periphery bears the Rupee symbol and the year of minting in international numerals is shown on the lower periphery. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Noida Km Number – NA

3.) REGULAR ANNA/ PICE SERIES COINS OF REPUBLIC OF INDIA

Anna / Pice Series: India attained her Independence on 15th August, 1947. But there was no immediate change in her coinage. In the years following the Independence, all the coins bearing the effigy of King George VI continued to be struck at the Indian mints with the frozen date ‘1947’. On the 26th January, 1950, India declared herself to be a Republic. On 15th August, 1950 a new series of coins were issued with the design of ‘Lion Capital of Ashoka’ on the obverse. This series of coins were issued in the denomination of Single Pice, Half Anna, One Anna, Two Annas, Quarter Rupee, Half Rupee and One Rupee. The Mumbai mint issued all the coins of this series. The mint mark of Mumbai mint is a diamond shaped dot. The Kolkata mint issued the Single Pice, Half Anna, Quarter Rupee, and Half Rupee coins only. There is no mint mark on issues of Kolkata mint. The Hyderabad mint issued the Single Pice coins only. The mint mark of Hyderabad mint is a diamond mint mark, split vertically. One Pice: Specifications Years of issue – 1950 - 1955 Metal composition – Bronze (97% Copper + 2.5% Zinc + 0.5% Tin) Weight – 60 grains (Thick coin, thickness – 1.6 mm, issued in 1950) -- 45 grains (Thin coin, thickness – 1.2 mm, issued from 1951 to 1955) Shape – Circular Diameter – 0.84” Edge – unmilled plain Obv– Lion capital of Ashoka, with legend ‘GOVERNMENT OF INDIA’ around periphery. Rev – The center of this coin shows a replica of the horse, shown at the base of the Lion capital. The value of the coin in both English and Hindi, appears at the top of the periphery and the year of issue at the bottom. Minted at – Mumbai (1950- 55), Kolkata(1950- 51,1953-54), Hyderabad(1953- 55) Km Number – # 1

Note: i) The issues of 1950, of this coin are found with both thick rim and thin hair line rim. ii) The issues of 1950, of this coin, are all thick coins with thickness – 1.6 mm, weight – 60 grains. iii) The issues of 1951 to 1955, of this coin, are all thin coins with thickness – 1.2 mm, weight – 45 grains.

Half Anna:

Specifications Years of issue – 1950, 1954 - 55 Metal composition – Copper – Nickel alloy (75% Copper + 25% Nickel) Weight – 45 grains Shape – Square with rounded corners Diameter – 0.684” across sides, 0.778” across corners Edge – unmilled plain Obv – Lion capital of Ashoka, with legend ‘GOVERNMENT OF INDIA’ around periphery. Rev – The center of this coin shows a replica of the bull, shown at the base of the Lion capital. The value of the coin in both English and Hindi, appears at the top of the periphery and the year of issue at the bottom. Minted at – Mumbai (1950, 1954 - 55), Kolkata(1950, 1954) Km Number – # 2

One Anna:

Specifications Years of issue – 1950, 1954 - 55 Metal composition – Copper – Nickel alloy (75% Copper + 25% Nickel) Weight – 60 grains Shape – Scalloped (12 numbers) Diameter – 0.7795” min, 0.827” max Edge – unmilled plain Obv – Lion capital of Ashoka, with legend ‘GOVERNMENT OF INDIA’ around periphery. Rev – The center of this coin shows a replica of the bull, shown at the base of the Lion capital. The value of the coin in both English and Hindi appears at the top of the periphery and the year of issue at the bottom. Minted at – Mumbai Km Number – # 3

Two Annas:

Specifications Years of issue – 1950, 1954 - 55 Metal composition – Copper– Nickel alloy (75% Copper + 25% Nickel) Weight – 90 grains Shape – Square with rounded corners Diameter – 0.88” across sides, 1.00” across corners Edge – unmilled plain Obv – Lion capital of Ashoka, with legend ‘GOVERNMENT OF INDIA’ around periphery. Rev – The center of this coin shows a replica of the bull, shown at the base of the Lion capital. The value of the coin in both English and Hindi appears at the top of the periphery and the year of issue at the bottom. Minted at – Mumbai Km Number – # 4

Quarter Rupee:

Specifications Years of issue – 1950 – 51, 1954 - 56 Metal composition – Nickel (100%) Weight – 45 grains Shape – Circular Diameter – 0.75” Edge – Milled Obv – Lion capital of Ashoka, with legend ‘GOVERNMENT OF INDIA’ around periphery. Rev – The center of this coin shows ¼, in international numerals between two ears of corn. The value of this coin in Hindi appears at the top of the periphery and the value in English and the year of issue appear under ¼ . Minted at – Mumbai (1950 – 51, 1955), Kolkata(1950 - 51, 1955 - 56) Km Number – # 5 Note: i) The issues of 1954, of this coin, from Kolkata mint, are found with larger or smaller lion capital.

Half Rupee: a) With dots after “GOVERNMENT” and “OF”

Specifications Years of issue – 1950 – 51, 1954 - 55 Metal composition – Nickel (100%) Weight – 90 grains Shape – Circular Diameter – 0.95” Edge – Milled

Obv – Lion capital of Ashoka, with legend ‘GOVERNMENT. OF. INDIA’ around periphery (With dots). Rev – The center of this coin shows ½, in international numerals between two ears of corn. The value of this coin in Hindi appears at the top of the periphery and the value in English and the year of issue appear under ½. Minted at – Mumbai (1950 – 51, 1954 - 55), Kolkata(1950, 1954) Km Number – # 6.2 b) Dots after “GOVERNMENT” and “OF” removed

Specifications Year of issue – 1956 Obv – Lion capital of Ashoka redrawn, with legend ‘GOVERNMENT OFINDIA’ around periphery (Dots removed). Minted at –Kolkata Km Number – # 6.3

One Rupee:

Specifications Years of issue – 1950, 1954 Metal composition – Nickel (100%) Weight – 180 grains Shape – Circular Diameter – 1.1” Edge – Security Obv – Lion capital of Ashoka, with legend ‘GOVERNMENT OF INDIA’ around periphery. Rev – The center of this coin shows 1, in international numerals between two ears of corn. The value of this coin in Hindi appears at the top of the periphery and the value in English and the year of issue appear under 1. Minted at – Mumbai Km Number – # 7

5.) DECIMAL 1, 2, 5, 10 RUPEES REGULAR Decimal 1 Rupee Regular Issue a) 1 rupee (Pure Nickel Issue)

Specifications Years of issue – 1962, 1970 Metal composition – Pure Nickel Weight – 10 gms Shape – Circular Diameter – 28 mm Edge – Security Obv – Lion capital of Ashoka, with ‘INDIA’ in English and ‘BHARAT’ in Hindi appearing on either side. Rev – A large 1 flanked by two ears of corn and value ‘RUPEE’ in English shown below, and “Rupaya” in Hindi is shown at the top. The year of issue is shown at the bottom. Minted at – Kolkata(1962), Mumbai(1970) Km Number – # 75

b) 1 rupee (Bigger size, Copper Nickel)

Specifications Years of issue – 1975 - 1982 Metal composition – Copper– Nickel alloy (75% Copper + 25% Nickel) Weight – 8 gms Minted at – Kolkata (1975 - 76, 1978 - 81) , Mumbai(1975 - 82) Km Number – # 78

All other specifications are same as above.

Note: i) Die varieties in the obverse of the 1975 issue of Kolkata mint is reported.

Obv - Die - I (Small lion)

Obv - Die - II (Big lion) ii) Die varieties in the obverse of the 1975 issue of Mumbai mint is reported. Obv Die - 1:- Larger Lion with larger Diamond dot mint mark Obv Die - 2:- Larger Lion with smaller Diamond dot mint mark Obv Die - 3:- Smaller Lion with larger Diamond dot mint mark Obv Die - 4:- smaller Lion with smaller Diamond dot mint mark iii) Die varieties in the obverse of the 1979 issue of Kolkata mint is reported. Obv Die - 1:- Lion same as the lion on 1978, 1 rupee coin and "INDIA" without serif. Obv Die - 2:- Lion same as the lion on 1980, 1 rupee coin and "INDIA" with serif.

Obverse Die - 1 Obverse Die - 2 c) 1 rupee (Smaller size, Copper Nickel)

Specifications Years of issue – 1982 - 1991 Weight – 6 gms Diameter – 26 mm Edge – Security from 1982 to 1989, Upright milled from 1990 to 1991 Minted at – Kolkata(1983-91), Mumbai(1982-91), Hyderabad(1984, 86-91), Noida(1988-90), London(1985), Heaton Press(1985) Km Number – # 79

All other specifications are same as above.

Note: Recently I came to know that this 1 rupee Cupro - Nickel, 6 gms, smaller size coin was minted by Mumbai mint in the year 1982. As this coin was minted in less numbers, most of the collectors are not aware that this coin was also issued in 1982. This coin is one of the rarest coins of Republic India. I do not have this coin in my collection. The photo of this coin is down loaded from net, so that the visitors to this blog can see the photo of this coin. Many thanks to Siddharth N S for sending me this coin photo for posting in this blog.

d) 1 rupee ( Ferritic Stainless Steel)

Specifications Years of issue – 1992 - 2004 Metal composition – Ferritic Stainless Steel (82 % Iron + 18% Chromium) Weight – 4.85 gms Diameter – 25 mm Edge – Upright milled from 1992 t0 1995, Plain edge from 1995 Minted at – Kolkata(1993 - 2004), Mumbai(1992 - 2004), Hyderabad(1992 - 2004),Noida(1993 - 2004),Mexico(1997), Kremnca (SLOVAKIA REPUBLIC)(1998 – 2001) Km Number – # 92 All other specifications are same as above. Note: Die varieties in the obverse of the 2002 and 2003 issue of Mumbai mint is reported.

i) The obverse on the right side coin is common and is found on obverse side of all the FSS coins issued by Mumbai during 1992-2004. But the obverse on the left side coin is only found on obverse side of some FSS coins issued by Mumbai during 2002 and 2003. The mane on both the lions is different. ii) Please mark the Hindi word “Jayate” on both the coins. The “Ja” in Jayate in both the coins are different. e) 1 rupee (Theme - Unity in diversity) (Design - Cross) These coins were minted in the years 2004, 2005 and 2006.

Specifications Years of issue – 2004 to 2006 Edge – Plain Rev -- A single cross dividing 4 dots with value “ONE RUPEE” in English and “Ek Rupaye” in Hindi along the left upper periphery. Obv – The face of the coin is divided into three portions. The top portion contains words “Bharat” in Hindi and “INDIA” in English, the bottom portion contains the year of issue in International numerals. The center portion bears the “Lion capital” of Ashok Pillar with the legend “Satyameva Jayate” in Hindi inscribed below, the prominent International numeral “1” indicates the denomination. Minted at – Kolkata(2005), Mumbai(2004,2005), Noida(2005,2006), Hyderabad(2005,2006) Km Number – # 322

All other specifications are same as above. f) 1 rupee (Theme – Ntritya Mudra) (Design - One finger)

Specifications Years of issue – 2007 - 2011 Obv – “Bharat” in Hindi, “India” in English at top, Lion capital between 2 horizontal lines with the legend “Satyameva Jayate” in Hindi inscribed below, Year of issue at the bottom Rev – This face of the coin contains visuals showing a lady’s hand with a pointing for finger, one of the " Mudras " of India's classical dance "Bharat Natyam", in centre right periphery and in centre left periphery denomination value "1" in International numerals, below that the word “Rupaya in Hindi and the word " RUPEES " in English. Minted at – Kolkata (2007 - 11), Mumbai (2008 - 10), Hyderabad (2007 - 11), Noida (2007 - 11) Km Number – # 331

All other specifications are same as above. g) 1 rupee (Theme – New Rupee Symbol)

Specifications Years of issue – 2011, 2012 Metal composition – Ferritic Stainless Steel (83% Iron, 17 % Chromium) Weight – 3.75 gms Shape – Circular Diameter – 22 mm Edge – 25 serrations on diagonally opposite sides Obv – The face of the coin shows the Lion Capitol of Ashoka Pillar with the legend "Satyameva Jayate" in Hindi, inscribed below, flanked on the left periphery with the word "Bharat" in Hindi and on the right periphery with the word “INDIA" in English. Rev – The face of the coin shows the denominational value “1” in the international numerals flanked on the left and right periphery with a floral design. The upper periphery bears the Rupee symbol and the year of minting in international numerals is shown on the lower periphery. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Noida Km Number – #394

Decimal 2 Rupees Regular issue a) 2 rupees (Bigger size, Circular coin) (Theme – National Integration)

Specifications Years of issue – 1990 Metal composition – Copper– Nickel alloy (75% Copper + 25% Nickel) Weight – 8 gms Shape – Circular Diameter – 28 mm Edge – Security Obv – This face of the coin shows the "Lion Capital" of Ashoka Pillar with the Legend "Satyameva Jayate" in Hindi inscribed below, flanked on the left periphery with the words "Bharat" and “Rupaye” in Hindi and on the right periphery flanked with the words "INDIA" and “RUPEES” in English. The denominational value "2" in international numeral is inscribed below the word "Satyameva Jayate" Rev – The reverse of this coin shows the map of India in relief with the National flag over the map. The slogans “Rastriya Ekata” in Hindi and “NATIONAL INTEGRATION” in English are inscribed on the coin. ‘1990’ -- the year of issue is shown at the bottom. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad Km Number – # 121.2

Note. As this coin had close resemblance in shape and weight to the 1 rupee big coins issued during 1975-82, which was also in circulation in 1990, these 2 rupee coins were wrongly given by people as 1 rupee coin during transactions, thus incurring financial loss. Hence people were reluctant to accept this 2 rupee coin. Due to this reason the minting of this coin was not made in 1991 and a new hen-decagonal shaped coin with the same design was issued in 1992. b) 2 rupees (Smaller size, Hen- decagonal shaped coin, Theme- National integration)

Specifications Years of issue – 1992 - 2004 Metal composition – Copper– Nickel alloy (75% Copper + 25% Nickel) Weight – 6 gms Shape – Hen - decagonal (11 sided) Diameter – 26 mm Edge – unmilled plain Obv – Same as above. Rev – Same as above. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Noida(1994- 96, 1998- 2003), Seoul(KOREA)-(1997- 98), Pretoria(South Africa)-(1998), Dominican Republic(1999), Moscow(2000) Km Number – # 121.3 c) 2 rupees (Design - Cross, Theme – Unity in Diversity) These coins were minted in the years 2005, 2006 and 2007.

Specifications Years of issue – 2005 to 2007 Weight -- 5.62 grams Metal composition - Ferritic Stainless Steel (83% Iron, 17% Chromium) Diameter – 27 mm Shape -- Circular Edge – Plain Rev -- A double cross dividing 4 dots with value “TWO RUPEES” in English and “Do Rupaye” in Hindi along the left upper periphery. Obv – The face of the coin is divided into three portions. The top portion contains words “Bharat” in Hindi and “INDIA” in English, The bottom portion contains the year of issue in International numerals. The center portion bears the “Lion capital” of Ashok Pillar with the legend “Satyameva Jayate” in Hindi inscribed below, the prominent International numeral “2” indicates the denomination. Minted at – Kolkata(2005, 2007), Mumbai(2005 to 2007), Hyderabad(2005 to 2007), Noida(2005, 2006) Km Number – # 324

Note: i) Die varieties in the obverse of the 2005 issue of Kolkata mint is reported.

Die 1 -- The perpendicular line in the "5" of the date '2005' is truncated and the lower portion of '5' encloses a smaller circular area. Die 2 -- The perpendicular line in the "5" of the date '2005' is pointed and the lower portion of '5' encloses a bigger circular area. ii) Die varieties in the obverse of the 2006 issue of Hyderabad mint is reported.

The lower circular part of Digit "6" is near to perfect circle in first coin whereas in second its odd shaped. d) 2 rupees (Theme – Nritya Mudra) (Design -Two fingers)

Specifications Years of issue – 2007 to 2011 Obv -- This face of the coin is divided into three portions with two horizontal lines. The centre portion bears the "Lion Capitol" of Ashoka Pillar with the legend "Satyameva Jayate " inscribed below. The top portion contains word " Bharat " in Hindi and "INDIA" in English. The bottom portion contains the Year in International Numerals. Rev – This face of the coin contains visuals showing one of the " Mudras "of India's most famous classical dance "Bharat Natyam", in centre right periphery and in centre left periphery denomination value "2" in International numerals, below that the word "Rupaye " in Hindi and the word " RUPEES " in English. Minted at – Kolkata(2007- 2010), Mumbai(2007 to 2010), Hyderabad(2007 to 2011), Noida(2008- 2011) Km Number – # 327

All other specifications are same as above. e) 2 rupees (Theme – New Rupee Symbol)

Specifications Years of issue – 2011, 2012 Metal composition – Ferritic Stainless Steel (83% Iron, 17 % Chromium) Weight – 4.85 gms Shape – Circular Diameter – 25 mm Edge – 50 wider serrations on edge Obv – The face of the coin shows the Lion Capitol of Ashoka Pillar with the legend "Satyameva Jayate" in Hindi, inscribed below, flanked on the left periphery with the word "Bharat" in Hindi and on the right periphery with the word “INDIA" in English. Rev – The face of the coin shows the denominational value “2” in the international numerals flanked on the left and right periphery with a floral design. The upper periphery bears the Rupee symbol and the year of minting in international numerals is shown on the lower periphery. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Noida Km Number – #395

Decimal 5 Rupees Regular Issue a) 5 rupees (Copper Nickel Issue, Theme- Ashoka Pillar)

Specifications Years of issue – 1992 - 2004 Metal composition – Copper– Nickel alloy (75% Copper + 25% Nickel) ) Weight – 9 gms Shape – Circular Diameter – 23 mm Edge – Security Obv – The center bears the Lion capital of Ashoka, with the legend “Satyameva Jayate” in Hindi inscribed below, and ‘INDIA’ in English and ‘Bharat’ in Hindi appearing on either side. Rev – This face of the coin shows the denominational value "5" in international numeral in the centre, below that the word "RUPEES" in English and the date in international numerals is shown. On the top the word "Rupaye" in Hindi, flanked on the left and right periphery a bunch of Lotus with leaf design. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad(1992, 1994 - 2001, 2003 - 04),Noida(1995 - 2003), Moscow(1999 - 2000) Km Number – # 154

Note: a) Die varieties in the obverse of the 1998 and 1999 issue of Mumbai mint is reported.

Obv Die - I Obv Die - II

Obverse Die I – The obverse is with a fat bigger lion. Obverse Die II – The obverse is with a thin smaller lion. b) Die varieties in the reverse of the 2001 issue of Kolkata mint is reported.

Rev Die - I Rev Die - II

Reverse Die I – The reverse date is with a short 1. Reverse Die II – The reverse date is with a tall 1. b) 5 rupees (Theme-Unity in Diversity, Design-Cross, Ferritic Stainless Steel Issue) This coin was minted only in the year 2007 by Kolkata mint. This is one of the scarce coins of India.

Specifications Year of issue – 2007 Weight -- 6 grams Metal composition - FSS (83% Iron, 17% Chromium) Diameter – 23 mm Shape -- Circular Edge – Security Rev -- A single cross dividing 4 dots with value “FIVE RUPEES” in English and “Panch Rupaye” in Hindi along the left upper periphery. Obv – The face of the coin is divided into three portions. The top portion contains words “Bharat” in Hindi and “INDIA” in English, The bottom portion contains the year of issue in International numerals. The center portion bears the “Lion capital” of Ashok Pillar with the legend “Satyameva Jayate” in Hindi inscribed below, the prominent International numeral “5” indicates the denomination. Minted at – Kolkata Km Number – NA c) 5 rupees (Theme - IT and Connectivity, Design - Waves)

Specifications Years of issue – 2007 - 2008 Obverse-- The face of the coin is divided into three portions with two horizontal lines. The center portion bears the "Lion Capitol" of Ashoka Pillar with the legend "Satyameva Jayate" inscribed below. The top portion contains word "Bharat" in Hindi and "INDIA" in English and bottom portion contains the Year of issue in International Numerals. Reverse-- The lower periphery of the face of this coin contains the two visual metaphors which depicts the smooth fluid mass representing the ceaseless flow of data/information in the ether. In the center, denominational Value "5" in International Numerals and in upper periphery the word “Rupaye" in Hindi and the word "RUPEES" in English are inscribed. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad Km Number – # 330

All other specifications are same as above.

Note: i) Mule variety of the issue of 2008 of Kolkata mint A mule coin with obverse of 50 Paise Nritya (clenched fist) coin and reverse of 5 rupees IT coin is reported.

d) 5 rupees ( Nickel – Brass Issue, Design same as 5 rs Cupro – Nickel coin)

Specifications Years of issue – 2009 - 2010 Metal composition – Nickel Brass alloy ( 75% Copper + 20% Zinc + 5% Nickel ) Weight – 6 gms Shape – Circular Diameter – 23 mm Edge – Upright milled Obv – Same as the 5 rupees Cupro-Nickel coin of 1992 to 2004 Rev – Same as the 5 rupees Cupro-Nickel coin of 1992 to 2004 Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Noida Km Number – # 373

Note: a) Die varieties in the reverse of the 2009 issue of Kolkata mint is reported.

Reverse Die I – The numeral 5 is bigger in size and the words ‘Rupaye’ in Hindi is closer to the rim. Reverse Die II – The numeral 5 is smaller in size and the words ‘Rupaye’ in Hindi is farther away from the rim. b) Die varieties in the reverse of the 2009 issue of Hyderabad mint is reported

Reverse Die I – The numeral 9 in the date is with a pointing straight end. Reverse Die II – The numeral 9 in the date is with a curved end. c) Die varieties in the reverse of the 2010 issue of Mumbai mint is reported

Reverse Die I – The numeral 5 is bigger in size and the words ‘Rupaye’ in Hindi is closer to the rim. The numeral '1' in the date is with serif. Reverse Die II – The numeral 5 is smaller in size and the words ‘Rupaye’ in Hindi is farther away from the rim. The numeral '1' in the date is without serif. e) 5 rupees (Theme – New Rupee Symbol)

Specifications Years of issue – 2011, 2012 Rev – The face of the coin shows the denominational value “5” in the international numerals flanked on the left and right periphery with a floral design. The upper periphery bears the Rupee symbol and the year of minting in international numerals is shown on the lower periphery. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Noida Km Number –NA

Note: i) Mule variety of the issue of 2011 and 2012 of Kolkata mint A mule coin with obverse of 1 Rupee New ('R' symbol) coin and reverse of 5 rupees New ('R' symbol) coin is reported.

Decimal 10 Rupees Regular Issue a) 10 rupees (Theme- Unity and Diversity, Design - Cross) These coins were minted in the years 2005, 2006 and 2007.

Specifications Years of issue – 2005 to 2007 Weight -- 7.71 grams (Outer ring – 4.45 gms and center piece – 3.26 gms) Metal composition - Bi-metallic Outer ring – Aluminium Bronze (Copper – 92%, Aluminium – 6%, Nickel – 2%) Central piece – Cupro Nickel (Copper – 75%, Nickel – 25%) Diameter – 27 mm Shape -- Circular Edge – Plain Obv -- The face of the coin is divided into three portions. The top portion contains words “Bharat” in Hindi and “INDIA” in English The bottom portion contains the year of issue in International numerals. The center portion bears the “Lion capitol” of Ashok Pillar with the legend “Satyameva Jayate” in Hindi inscribed below, the prominent International numeral “10” indicates the denomination. Rev – A double cross dividing 4 dots with value “TEN RUPEES” in English and “Dus Rupaye” in Hindi along the left upper periphery. Minted at – Noida Km Number – # 353 b) 10 rupees (Theme - Connectivity and IT, Design - Radiating pattern)

Specifications Years of issue – 2008 to 2010 Obv -- This face of the coin is divided into three portions with two horizontal lines. The centre portion shows the "Lion Capitol" of Ashoka Pillar with the legend "Satyameva Jayate" inscribed below. The top portion contains word " Bharat " in Hindi and "INDIA" in English. The bottom portion contains the year in International Numerals. Rev – In the upper periphery, the outward radiating pattern depicts growth and connectivity. In the centre, there shall be denominational value "10" in International Numerals and in Lower periphery the word "Rupaye" in Hindi and the word "RUPEES" in English. Minted at – Noida, Mumbai(2010) Km Number – # 363

All other specifications are same as above.

c) 10 rupees (Theme – New Rupee Symbol, Design - Radiating pattern)

Specifications Years of issue – 2011, 2012 Obv – The face of the coin shows the Lion Capitol of Ashoka Pillar with the legend "Satyameva Jayate" in Hindi, inscribed below, flanked on the left periphery with the word "Bharat" in Hindi and on the right periphery with the word “INDIA" in English. The bottom portion shows the year in International numerals. Rev – In the upper periphery, 10 numbers of outward radiating patterns depict growth and connectivity. The Rupee symbol is shown in the centre and the lower periphery shows denominational value "10” in International numerals. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Noida Km Number – NA

6.) REGULAR CROSS COINS, ISSUED IN INDIA

During the period 2004 - 2007 the RBI introduced some coins on the theme “UNITY IN DIVERSITY”. The 1 rupee and the 5 rupees coins show a “plus" symbol with four dots on each side. The 2 rupees and the 10 rupees coins show a “double plus" symbol with four dots on each side. As these plus signs resembled a Christian Cross, these coins are popularly called as Cross coins.

The 1 rupee coin was minted in the years 2004, 2005, and 2006. The 2 rupees coin was minted in the years 2005, 2006 and 2007. The 5 rupees coin was minted in 2007. The 10 rupees coin was minted in the years 2005, 2006, and 2007.

When there was a massive public protest against the issue of these Christian Cross Coins, RBI stopped the mintage of this design on coins from 2007.

The 1 rupee Cross coin: These coins were minted in the years 2004, 2005 and 2006.

Specifications Years of issue – 2004 to 2006 Weight -- 4.85 grams Metal composition - Ferrite Stainless Steel (82% Iron, 18% Chromium) Diameter – 25 mm Shape -- Circular Edge – Plain Rev -- A single cross dividing 4 dots with value “ONE RUPEES” in English and “Ek Rupaye” in Hindi along the left upper periphery. Obv – The face of the coin is divided into three portions. The top portion contains words “Bharat” in Hindi and "INDIA" in English. The bottom portion contains the year of issue in International numerals.The center portion bears the “Lion capitol” of Ashok Pillar with the legend “Satyameva Jayate” in Hindi inscribed below, the prominent International numeral “1” indicates the denomination. Minted at – Kolkata(2005), Mumbai(2004,2005), Hyderabad(2005,2006), Noida(2005,2006) KM Number - #322

i) Issue of 2004: This is one of the rarest coins issued in the Indian Republic.

ii) Issue of 2005: This is the most common coin of the 1 rupee cross series.

Minor Die-Variations in issue of 2005: a) 1 Rupee of 2005 ( Kolkata Mint) : We find 2 different dies on the Reverse side of this coin.

Die-I : The value written in English and Hindi are farther from the rim Die-II : The value written in English and Hindi are closer to the rim

b) 1 Rupee of 2005 ( Hyderabad Mint) : (Different 5 in the year of issue) We find 2 different dies on the Obverse side.

Die-I : The year of issue shows the numeral 5 with a longer horizontal line Die-II : The year of issue shows the numeral 5 with a shorter horizontal line

iii) Issue of 2006: This is one of the scarce coins issued in the Indian Republic.

The 2 rupees Cross coin: These coins were minted in the years 2005, 2006 and 2007.

Specifications Years of issue – 2005 to 2007 Weight -- 5.62 grams Metal composition - Ferrite Stainless Steel (83% Iron, 17% Chromium) Diameter – 27 mm Shape -- Circular Edge – Plain Rev -- A double cross dividing 4 dots with value “TWO RUPEES” in English and “Do Rupaye” in Hindi along the left upper periphery.dividing 4 dots with value in English and Hindi Obv – The face of the coin is divided into three portions. The top portion contains words “Bharat” in Hindi, The bottom portion contains the year of issue in International numerals.The center portion bears the “Lion capitol” of Ashok Pillar with the legend “Satyameva Jayate” in Hindi inscribed below, the prominent International numeral “10” indicates the denomination. Minted at – Kolkata(2005,2007), Mumbai(2005 to 2007), Hyderabad(2005 to 2007), Noida(2005,2006) KM Number - # 326 i) Issue of 2005:

Minor Die-Variations: 2 Rupees of 2005 ( Kolkata Mint) : (Different 5 in the year of issue) We find 2 different dies on the Obverse side.

Die-I : The perpendicular line in the ‘5’ of the date “2005” is truncated and the lower portion of ‘5’ encloses a smaller circular area.

Die-II : The perpendicular line in the ‘5’ of the date “2005” is pointed and the lower portion of ‘5’ encloses a bigger circular area. ii) Issue of 2006:

Minor Die-Variations: a) 2 Rupees of 2006 ( Mumbai Mint) : (Different 6 in the year of issue) We find 2 different dies on the Obverse side.

Die-I : The year of issue shows the numeral 6 with thick lettering Die-II : The year of issue shows the numeral 6 with thin lettering

b) 2 Rupees of 2006 ( Hyderabad Mint) : (Different 6 in the year of issue) We find 2 different dies on the Obverse side Die-I : The year of issue shows the lower circular part of digit "6" to be a perfect circle. Die-II : The year of issue shows the lower circular part of digit "6" to be odd shaped.

iii) Issue of 2007: Major Die-Variations: This coin is found with 2 Obverse Die varieties.

Obverse Die - I Obverse Die - II

Obverse Die – I (Value 2 Smaller and date in bigger numerals) In this variety the value "2" measures 9mm in height and smaller in size. The “date” is displayed in bigger numerals. This is found on all the 2 Rupees coins issued in 2005, 2006 and on issues of Mumbai and Hyderabad mint in 2007.

Obverse Die –II (Value 2 Bigger and date in smaller numerals) In this variety the value "2" measures 10mm in height and bigger in size. The “date” is displayed in smaller numerals. This is found on all of the 2 Rupees coins issued by Kolkata mint in 2007.

This coin is found with 2 Reverse Die varieties.

Reverse Die - I Reverse Die - II

Reverse Die – I (Smaller Cross) In this variety the "double plus" symbol measures 18mm in length. This is found on all the 2 Rupees coins issued in 2005, 2006 and on issues of Mumbai and Hyderabad mint in 2007.

Reverse Die – II (Bigger Cross) In this variety the "double plus" symbol measures 20mm in length. This is found on all of the 2 Rupees coins issued by Kolkata mint in 2007.

Issue of Kolkata mint in 2007: Issue of Kolkata mint in 2007 is obverse Die–II and Reverse Die–II.

Issue of Mumbai and Hyderabad mint in 2007: Issue of Mumbai and Hyderabad mints in 2007 is obverse Die – I and Reverse Die – I.

Mule varieties in 2 Rupees Unity In Diversity In 2005 and 2007 coins of Kolkata Mint What is a MULE coin: When a coin is minted with the Obverse die of one coin and the reverse die of another coin, it is called a MULE coin. We find mule varieties in the 2005 and 2007 issue of Kolkata mint. Probably it occurred due to wrong pairing of dies.

The Normal coin of 2005:

Obv: Die-I (Smaller 2) Rev: Die-I (Smaller cross)

The Mule coin of 2005:

Obv: Die-I (Smaller 2) Rev: Die II (Bigger cross) The above coin minted by Kolkata mint has obverse of 2005 (Obv Die -I (Smaller 2)) paired with the reverse of 2007 (Rev Die – II (Bigger Cross)).

The Normal coin of 2007:

Obv: Die-II (Bigger 2) Rev: Die-II (Bigger cross) The Mule coin of 2007:

Obv: Die-II (Bigger 2) Rev: Die-I (Smaller cross)

The above coin minted by Kolkata mint has obverse of 2007 (Obv Die -II (Bigger 2)) paired with the reverse of 2005 (Rev Die – I (Smaller Cross)).

The 5 rupees Cross coin: This coin was minted only in the year 2007 by Kolkata mint. This is one of the scarce coins of India.

Specifications Years of issue – 2007 Weight -- 6 grams Metal composition - Ferrite Stainless Steel (83% Iron, 17% Chromium) Diameter – 23 mm Shape -- Circular Edge – Security Rev -- A single cross dividing 4 dots with value “FIVE RUPEES” in English and “Panch Rupaye” in Hindi along the left upper periphery. Obv – The face of the coin is divided into three portions. The top portion contains words “Bharat” in Hindi and "INDIA" in English. The bottom portion contains the year of issue in International numerals.The center portion bears the “Lion capitol” of Ashok Pillar with the legend “Satyameva Jayate” in Hindi inscribed below, the prominent International numeral “5” indicates the denomination. Minted at – Kolkata KM Number - NA

The 10 rupees Cross coin: These coins were minted in the years 2005, 2006 and 2007.

Specifications Years of issue – 2005 to 2007 Weight -- 7.71 grams (Outer ring – 4.45 gms and center piece – 3.26 gms) Metal composition - Bi-metallic Outer ring – Aluminium Bronze (Copper – 90%, Aluminium – 6%, Nickel – 2%) Central piece – Cupro – Nickel (Copper – 75%, Nickel – 25%) Diameter – 27 mm Shape -- Circular Edge – Plain Rev -- A double cross dividing 4 dots with value “TEN RUPEES” in English and “Das Rupaye” in Hindi along the left upper periphery. Obv – The face of the coin is divided into three portions. The top portion contains words “Bharat” in Hindi and "INDIA" in English. The bottom portion contains the year of issue in International numerals.The center portion bears the “Lion capitol” of Ashok Pillar with the legend “Satyameva Jayate” in Hindi inscribed below, the prominent International numeral “10” indicates the denomination. Minted at – Noida KM Number - NA i) Issue of 2005: This coin is one of the scarce coins.

ii) Issue of 2006: This is a common coin.

iii) Issue of 2007: This coin is also one of the scarce coins.

>> 5, 10, 20, 25 PAISE COMMEMORATIVE COINS OF INDIA |

5 PAISE COMMEMORATIVE COINS OF INDIA

After celebrating the 25th Anniversary of Independence in 1972, India started issuing Development Oriented coins from 1973 onwards, every year on 16th August on various development themes – aiming the all round development of the country and her people.

1976 – FOOD & WORK FOR ALL ISSUE : This development oriented coin on the theme “FOOD & WORK FOR ALL” was issued in India for general circulation on 16th August, 1976. Out of the other 3 coins issued on the same theme, the 10 Paise coin was issued for general circulation and the 10 rupees & the 50 rupees coins were issued as uncirculated / proof specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 1976 Weight – 1.5 grams Metal composition – Aluminum – Magnesium Alloy (96.5% Al + 3.5% Mg) Shape – Square with rounded corners Size – 22 mm across corners and 19 mm across two opposite sides Edge – Plain Obv -- The obverse of this coin shows the Ashokan lion and the value '5' on the center diagonally. In English "INDIA" and "PAISE" appear on the right side and in Hindi "Bharat" and "Paise" appear on the left side. Rev – The reverse of this coin shows a Tractor at the center of the lower fore ground and a power transmission tower – with a Office building and a Factory on either side, in the upper back ground. The legend “FOOD & WORK FOR ALL” and ‘1976’ – the year of issue, in English is inscribed on the right half of the periphery and “Sabke Liye Anaz Aur Kam”, in Hindi around the left half of the periphery. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 19

1977 – SAVE FOR DEVELOPMENT ISSUE : This development oriented coin on the theme “SAVE FOR DEVELOPMENT” was issued in India for general circulation on 16th August, 1977. It highlights the importance of Savings in the development of the country. Out of the other 3 coins issued on the same theme, the 10 Paise coin was issued for general circulation and the 10 rupees & the 50 rupees coins were issued as uncirculated / proof specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 1977 Rev – The reverse of this coin features some development oriented designs in the center, symbolizing savings, food, shelter, education, employment, health and family planning. Here a hand holding a coin for depositing into a savings box (for savings), a hut (symbolizing shelter), a triangle (for family planning), an ear of corn (for food), an open book (for education), a gear wheel with a factory inside ( for employment) and a medical cross below the wheel ( for health). ‘1977’ – the year of issue, is shown below the hut of the central design. The legend “SAVE FOR DEVELOPMENT” in English is inscribed on the bottom half of the periphery and “Bikash Ke Liye Bachaiye”, in Hindi around the top half of the periphery. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 20

1978 -- FOOD & SHELTER FOR ALL ISSUE : This development oriented coin on the theme “FOOD & SHELTER FOR ALL” was issued in India for general circulation on 16th August, 1978. Out of the other 3 coins issued on the same theme, the 10 Paise coin was issued for general circulation and the 10 rupees & the 50 rupees coins were issued as uncirculated / proof specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 1978 Rev – The reverse of this coin features some development oriented designs in the center, symbolizing food and shelter. Here we find an ear of corn and a stylized rivulet (symbolizing food and water), a stylized cottage (symbolizing shelter). The necessity of having small families to ensure adequate food supplies is emphasized by a small family planning triangle, shown above the door of the cottage.‘1978’ – the year of issue, is shown above the cottage of the central design. The legend “FOOD & SHELTER FOR ALL” in English is inscribed on the bottom half of the periphery and “Sabke Ke Liye Anaj Aur Pakan”, in Hindi around the top half of the periphery. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 21

All other specifications are the same as before

1979 -- INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE CHILD (HAPPY CHILD - NATION'S PRIDE) ISSUE : To focus an attention towards implementation of various National and International programs for the welfare of the children of this world, UNO proclaimed the year 1979 as the “INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE CHILD”. The slogan adopted by India for the “INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE CHILD” is “HAPPY CHILD - NATION'S PRIDE”. To commemorate this occasion India issued this coin for general circulation on 5th March, 1979. Out of the other 3 coins issued on the same theme, the 10 Paise coin was issued for general circulation and the 10 rupees & the 50 rupees coins were issued as uncirculated / proof specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 1979 Rev – The reverse of this coin features a Slate (emphasizing education) enclosed by a circle. On the top of the slate appears a Sun (emphasizing health and strength) and just below it a Boy and a Girl. This design is surrounded with Olive wreath and ‘1979’ – the year of issue, is inscribed just below. The legend “HAPPY CHILD - NATION'S PRIDE” in English is inscribed on the bottom half of the periphery and “Bachche Ki Mushkan – Rashtra Ki Saan”, in Hindi around the top half of the periphery. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 22

All other specifications are the same as before

10 PAISE COMMEMORATIVE COINS OF INDIA

After celebrating the 25th Anniversary of Independence in 1972, India started issuing Development Oriented coins from 1973 onwards, every year on 16th August on various development themes – aiming at the all round development of the country and her people.

1974 -- PLANNED FAMILIES : FOOD FOR ALL, ISSUE : In 1973, India issued some development oriented coins on the theme ‘Grow More Food’. Since the campaign to assure ‘Food For All’, can only be achieved by a planned growth in the population of the country, this coin on the theme “PLANNED FAMILIES: FOOD FOR ALL” was issued in India for general circulation on 16th August, 1974. The other 2 coins on the same theme, are the 10 rupees & the 50 rupees coins, issued as uncirculated / proof specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 1974 Weight – 2.3 grams Metal composition – Aluminum – Magnesium alloy (96.5% Al + 3.5% Mg) Shape – Scalloped, 12 numbers Size – 26 mm across two opposite scallops Edge – Plain Obv -- The obverse of this coin shows the Ashokan lion and the value '10' on the center . In English "INDIA" and "PAISE" appear on the right side and in Hindi "Bharat" and "Paise" appear on the left side. Rev – The reverse of this coin shows a family planning triangle, with a man, a woman and their two children, standing at the center. Two ears of corn appear on either side with ‘1974’ – the year of issue near the apex of the triangle. The legend “PLANNED FAMILIES: FOOD FOR ALL” in English is inscribed on the left half of the periphery and “Niyojita Pariwar : Sabke Liye Anaj”, in Hindi around the right half of the periphery. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 28

1975 – INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S YEAR (EQUALITY, DEVELOPMENT, PEACE), ISSUE: To focus an attention towards implementation of various National and International programs for the welfare of the women of this world, UNO proclaimed the year 1975 as the “INTERNATIONAL WOMEN’S YEAR”. The slogan adopted by India for the “INTERNATIONAL WOMEN’S YEAR” is “EQUALITY, DEVELOPMENT, PEACE”. To commemorate this celebration, India issued this coin for general circulation on 16th August, 1975. The other 2 coins on the same theme, are the 10 rupees & the 50 rupees coins, issued as uncirculated / proof specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 1975 Rev – The reverse of this coin shows the central design inside a circle. The central design consists of a woman’s profile in left foreground, a dam with water lines in the right background, and an ear of corn, in front of the water lines. The UN official emblem for the International Women’s Year—consisting of a stylized dove (for peace), the mathematical sign ‘=’ (for equality) and the biological symbol ‘♀‘(for a woman) is shown in the lower central foreground. ‘1975’ – the year of issue, is split into ‘19’ and ‘75’ are displayed at the center-left and center-right of the periphery. The legend “EQUALITY, DEVELOPMENT, PEACE” in English is inscribed on the upper half of the periphery and “Samanata Bikash Shanti”, in Hindi around the lower half of the periphery. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai Km No - # 29 1976 – FOOD & WORK FOR ALL Issue : Details are the same as that of the 5 paisa, FOOD & WORK FOR ALL issue.

Specifications Year of issue – 1976 Rev – The same as that of the 5 paisa FOOD & WORK FOR ALL coin. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai Km No - # 30

1977 – SAVE FOR DEVELOPMENT ISSUE : Details are the same as that of the 5 paisa, SAVE FOR DEVELOPMENT issue.

Specifications Year of issue – 1977 Rev – The same as that of the 5 paisa SAVE FOR DEVELOPMENT coin. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai Km No - # 31

1978 -- FOOD & SHELTER FOR ALL ISSUE : Details are the same as that of the 5 paisa, FOOD & SHELTER FOR ALL issue.

Specifications Year of issue – 1978 Rev – The same as that of the 5 paisa FOOD & SHELTER FOR ALL coin. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 32

1979 – INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE CHILD ( HAPPY CHILD - NATION'S PRIDE ) ISSUE : Details are the same as that of the 5 paisa, HAPPY CHILD - NATION'S PRIDE issue.

Specifications Year of issue – 1979 Rev – The same as that of the 5 paisa HAPPY CHILD - NATION'S PRIDE coin. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 33

Note – Mule specimens (Km No - # 33.2) from this issue of Mumbai mint exist. In the mule coins, the reverse die of 1978, FOOD & SHELTER FOR ALL, 10 paisa coin is wrongly paired with the obverse die of 1979, HAPPY CHILD - NATION'S PRIDE, 10 Paise coin.

1980 -- RURAL WOMEN’S ADVANCEMENT ISSUE : To highlight the need for improving the dilemma of women in rural areas, India issued this coin on the theme ‘RURAL WOMEN’S ADVANCEMENT’ on 1st January,1981. Out of the other 3 coins issued on the same theme, the 25 Paise coin was issued for general circulation and the 10 rupees & the 100 rupees coins were issued as uncirculated / proof specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – Though the year of issue, ‘1980’ is inscribed on this coin, it was officially issued on 1.1.81. Obv – The obverse of this coin shows a woman using an electric husking machine, a traditional granary in the fore ground and electric pylons are shown in the back ground. This design is enclosed within a circle. ‘1980’ – the year of issue is inscribed in the periphery, just below the husking machine. The legend ‘RURAL WOMEN’S ADVANCEMENT’ in English is inscribed around the outer side of the circle on the right and ‘Gramina Mahilayon Ki Pragati ‘ in Hindi on the left. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 35

1981 -- 1ST WORLD FOOD DAY ISSUE : At the request of the Food & Agricultural Organization (F.A.O.), every year, the 16th October is observed as ‘WORLD FOOD DAY’ by the member nations throughout the world. The aim of observing this day is to highlight the nature and dimension of shortage of food in the world and to fight against hunger, malnutrition and poverty. In commemoration of this 1st World Food Day in 1981, India issued this commemorative coin on 16th October,1981. Out of the other 3 coins issued on the same theme, the 25 Paise coin was issued for general circulation and the 10 rupees & the 100 rupees coins were issued as uncirculated / proof specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 1981 Obv – The obverse of this coin shows Indian farmer couple – the man carrying a sheaf of corn on his shoulder and the woman carrying a basket of fruit on her waist. The inscription ‘Biswa Khadya Diwas’ In Hindi and ‘WORLD FOOD DAY’ in English appear to the left of the couple. ‘1981’ – the year of issue is shown under the couple. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 36

1982 -- ASIAN GAMES ISSUE : The IX th Asian Games were held at New Delhi from 19th November, 1982 to 4th December, 1982. India issued this coin on 19th November, 1982 to commemorate this event Out of the other 4 coins issued on the same occasion, the 25 Paise and 2 rupees coins were issued for general circulation and the 10 rupees & the 100 rupees coins were issued as uncirculated / proof specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 1982 Obv – The obverse of this coin shows the Asian Games ‘Logo’ – the ancient JANTAR-MANTAR observatory in Delhi with the SUN above it with ‘DELHI’ and ‘1982’ – the year of issue below it. The inscription ‘IX ASIAN GAMES’ in English is shown in the right periphery and ‘Nawam Asiyayee Khel’ in Hindi is shown in the left periphery. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 37

1982 -- 2ND WORLD FOOD DAY ISSUE : At the request of the Food & Agricultural Organization (F.A.O.), India issued this coin in May, 1983, in commemoration of the 2nd World Food Day, 1982. Another 20 paisa coin, on the same theme, was issued for general circulation.

Specifications Year of issue – Though this coin is dated, ’16 OCT 1982’, it was actually issued in May,1983. Weight – 1.75 grams Shape – Scalloped, 8 numbers Size – Smaller in size than all other 10 paisa commemorative coins. 23 mm across two opposite scallops Obv – The obverse of this coin shows two hands holding the earth with a sheaf of wheat against it. This central design is inset against a stylized gear wheel. The letters ‘F', ‘A’, ‘O’ are shown on the upper half and the date ‘16’, ‘OCT’ are shown on the lower half of this design. ‘1982’ – the year of issue is shown below the design. The inscription ‘WORLD FOOD DAY’ in English appear on the right side and ‘Biswa Khadya Diwas’ in Hindi appear on the left side of the design. Minted at – Kolkata, Hyderabad Km No - # 38

20 PAISE COMMEMORATIVE COINS OF INDIA

1969 – MAHATMA GANDHI CENTENARY COMMEMORATION: On the occasion of birth centenary of M.K. Gandhi ( Mahatma Gandhi), the father of the nation, India issued this 20 Paise commemorative coin on 3rd October 1969. The other coins issued for general circulation in his memory, are in the denomination of 50 paisa, 1 rupee and 10 rupees.

Specifications Year of issue – 1969 Weight – 4.5 grams Metal composition – Aluminium Bronze alloy (92% copper+ 6% Aluminium + 2% Nickel) Shape – Circular Diameter – 22 mm Obv -- The obverse of this coin shows the Ashokan lion at the center and the value '20' just below it. In English "INDIA" and "PAISE" appear on the right side periphery and in Hindi "Bharat" and "Paise" appear on the left side. Edge – Milled Rev – The reverse of this coin shows the effigy of Gandhiji and legend “MAHATMA GANDHI” in both English and Hindi and “1869 -1948”— his years of birth and death. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 42

1970 -- FAO 25TH ANNIVERSARY COMMEMORATIVE (Lotus & sun): On the occasion of the 25th Anniversary of the Food and Agriculture Organizatiom of the United Nations in 1970, India participated in the celebration by issuing this coin on 16th October, 1970. Another 10 rupees coin was issued for general circulation, on the same occasion.

Specifications Year of issue – 1970 Rev – The reverse of this coin shows a lotus in full bloom with water lines in the fore ground. It also shows a rising sun in the back ground and two ears of corns on either side. ‘1970’ – the year of issue appears just below the lotus. The legend ‘FOOD FOR ALL’ in English and ‘Sabke Liye Anna’; in Hindi, is inscribed in the bottom periphery. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai Km No - # 43.1

1982 -- 2ND WORLD FOOD DAY ISSUE : Details are the same as that of the 10 paisa, 2nd World Food Day issue.

Specifications Year of issue – Though this coin is dated, ’16 OCT 1982’, it was actually issued in May,1983. Weight – 2.2 grams Metal composition – Aluminum – Magnesium alloy (96.5% Al + 3.5% Mg) Shape – Hexagonal with rounded corners Size – 27 mm across two opposite corners and 20 mm across two opposite sides Edge – Plain Obv -- Same as the 20 Paise coins described above. Rev – The same as that of the 10 paisa 2nd World Food ay commemorative coin. Minted at – Kolkata, Hyderabad Km No - # 45

1983: FISHERIES (3RD WORLD FOOD DAY) ISSUE: Fishes are one of the main food items for the people, in many parts of the world and many people depend on fishing for earning their livelihood. To highlight the role of ‘Fisheries’ on the lives of people, India issued this coin on 16th October,1983.

Specifications Year of issue – 1982 Obv -- Same as above, but 'Satyameva Jayate' in Hindi is shown in Hindi under the Ashokan Lion. Rev – The reverse of this coin shows two fishermen drawing a net with a catch of fishes in the fore ground and a basket containing some more fishes shown in the back ground. The legend ‘Matchya Udyoga’ in Hindi, ‘1983’ – the year of issue and ‘ FISHERIES’ in English appears on the top of the central design. The initials ‘FAO’ is shown ai the bottom. Minted at – Kolkata, Hyderabad Km No - # 46

25 PAISE COMMEMORATIVE COINS OF INDIA

1980 -- RURAL WOMEN’S ADVANCEMENT ISSUE : Details are the same as that of the 10 paisa, RURAL WOMEN’S ADVANCEMENT commemorative issue.

Specifications Year of issue – Though the year of issue, ‘1980’ is inscribed on this coin, it was officially issued on 1.1.81. Weight – 2.5 grams Metal composition – Cupro – Nickel alloy ( 75% Copper + 25% Nickel ) Shape – Circular Diameter – 19 mm Edge – Milled Obv -- Obv -- The obverse of this coin shows the Ashokan lion and the value '25' on the center diagonally. In English "INDIA" and "PAISE" appear on the right side and in Hindi "Bharat" and "Paise" appear on the left side. Rev – The same as that of the 10 paisa, RURAL WOMEN’S ADVANCEMENT commemorative coin. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 50

1981 -- 1ST WORLD FOOD DAY ISSUE : Details are the same as that of the 10 paisa, 1ST WORLD FOOD DAY commemorative issue.

Specifications Year of issue – 1981 Rev – The same as that of the 10 paisa, 1ST WORLD FOOD DAY commemorative coin. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 51

1982 - IX ASIAN GAMES COMMEMORATIVE : Details are the same as that of the 10 paisa, IXTH ASIAN GAMES commemorative issue.

Specifications Year of issue – 1982 Rev – The same as that of the 10 paisa, IXTH ASIAN GAMES commemorative coin. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 52

1985 - FORESTRY FOR DEVELOPMENT ISSUE: To highlight the need for conservation of forest and wild life and to bring about a greater awareness among people on the importance of forests to human life, a 25 Paise coin was issued in 1985.

Specifications Year of issue – 1985 Obv -- Same as above, but 'Satyameva Jayate' in Hindi shown under Ashokan Lion. Rev – The reverse of the coin shows a stylized tree in the background; with a deer, a bird in flight and a woman weaving baskets from bamboo-strips in the fore ground - suggesting thereby the close relationship that exists among human beings, wildlife and forests. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 53

8.) 50 PAISE COMMEMORATIVE COINS OF INDIA 50 PAISE COMMEMORATIVE COINS OF INDIA

1964 - JAWAHARLAL NEHRU COMMEMORATION: (Legend in English) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime minister of India from 15th August,1947 to 27th May,1964. After his death on 27th May 1964, to pay homage to the departed leader, a 50 Paise coin was issued on 14th November 1964.The other coin issued in this theme for general circulation was in the denomination of one rupee.

Specifications Year of issue – 1964 Weight – 5 grams Metal composition – Pure Nickel Shape – Circular Diameter – 24 mm Edge – Milled Obv -- The obverse of this coin shows the Ashokan lion and the value '50' on the center . In English "INDIA" and "PAISE" appear on the right side periphery and in Hindi "Bharat" and "Paise" appear on the left side. Rev – The reverse of this coin shows the effigy of Pandit Nehru and legend “JAWAHARLAL NEHRU” and “1889 -1964” – his year of birth and death, in English Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai Km No - # 56 1964 - JAWAHARLAL NEHRU COMMEMORATION: (Legend in Hindi) As the name of the national leader was inscribed on the commemorative coins in English, but not in the national language Hindi, it was strongly protested throughout the country and the minting of the coins with legend in English were stopped and a new 50 Paise coin with the similar design but with the legend in Hindi was issued in Nov 1965.

Specifications Year of issue – 1965 Rev – The reverse of this coin shows the effigy of Pandit Nehru and legend “JAWAHARLAL NEHRU” in Hindi and “1889 - 1964” – his year of birth and death, in English Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai Km No - # 57

1969 – MAHATMA GANDHI CENTENARY COMMEMORATION: Details are the same as that of the 20 paisa, Mahatma Gandhi Centenary Commemoration issue.

Specifications Year of issue – 1969 Rev – The same as that of the 20 paisa, Mahatma Gandhi Centenary Commemorative coin. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai Km No - # 59

1972 -- 25TH ANNIVERSARY OF INDEPENDENCE COMMEMORATIVE:

On the occasion of 25th Anniversary of Independence, India issued this 50 Paise commemorative coin on 16th August 1972. On this occasion another coin in the denomination of Rs. 10, was also issued for general circulation.

Specifications Year of issue – 1972 Metal composition – Cupro – Nickel alloy ( 75% Copper + 25% Nickel ) Edge – Security Rev – The reverse of this coin shows a young man and a woman carrying the National flag in the fore ground with the Parliament House in the back ground. The legend “25 Wi Swatantrya Jayanti” in Hindi and “1947-- 1972” – the 25 years of Independence, in English is shown on the periphery. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai Km No - # 60

1973 -- DEVELOPMENT ORIENTED ( GROW MORE FOOD ) ISSUE: To make the country self sufficient in regards to food supplies a 50 Paise coin showing the slogan “Grow More Food” both in English and Hindi was issued on16th August 1973. The other two coins in the denomination of 20 rupees and 10 rupees were issued as proof specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 1973 Rev – The reverse of this coin shows the legend “Adhik Anna Ugao” in Hindi and “GROW MORE FOOD” in English on a vertical tablet encircled by two ears of corn. ‘1983’ – the year of issue is inscribed under the tablet. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai Km No - # 62

All other specifications are the same as before

1982 -- NATIONAL INTEGRATION ISSUE: To stress the need for communal harmony and to aware the people that the different states and its people are the integral part of our country India, a 50 Paise coin with the theme “National Integration” was issued in Dec,1982. Out of the other 3 coins issued on the same theme, the 2 rupees coin was issued for general circulation and the 100 rupees & the 10 rupees coins were issued as proof / unc specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 1982 Rev – The reverse of this coin shows the map of India in relief with the National flag over the map. The slogans “Rastriya Ekata” in Hindi and “NATIONAL INTEGRATION” in English are inscribed on the coin. ‘1982’ -- the year of issue is shown at the bottom. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai Km No - # 64

1985 -- RBI GOLDEN JUBILEE COMMEMORATIVE : The RBI ( Reserve Bank of India) was established in India on 1st April, 1935. To commemorate the golden Jubilee of RBI in 1985, a 50 Paise coin, with the, the crest of RBI and with the legend “Reserve Bank of India”, was issued in April,1985. The other 3 coins in the same theme, were issued in the denomination of 100 rupees, 10 rupees and 2 rupees as proof specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 1985 Edge – Milled Obv -- Same as above, but 'Satyameva Jayate' in Hindi is shown just below the Ashokan Lion. Rev – The reverse of this coin shows a tiger under a palm tree, the crest of RBI and “1935 - 85” under it. The legend ‘RESERVE BANK OF INDIA’ and ‘GOLDEN JUBILEE’ in English is shown on the right half of the periphery with ‘Bharatiya Reserve Bank’ and ‘Swarna Jayanti’ in Hindi is shown along the left half of the periphery Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 66

All other specifications are the same as before

1985 -- INDIRA GANDHI COMMEMORATIVE : Indira Priyadarsani Gandhi was the Prime minister of India from 1966 - 77 and1980 - 84. She was assassinated on 31st October, 1984.To pay homage to this dynamic leader, India issued this coin on 19th November, 1985. Out of the other 3 coins issued in her commemoration, the 5 rupees coin was issued for general circulation and the 100 rupees &; the 20 rupees coins were issued as proof specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 1985 Edge – Milled Rev – The reverse of this coin shows the effigy of Indira Gandhi and legend “INDIRA GANDHI” in both Hindi and English with “1917 -1984” – her year of birth and death. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 67.1

All other specifications are the same as before

Note – Mule specimens (Km No - # 67.2) from this issue of Kolkata mint exist. In the mule coins, the reverse die of 1986, FISHERIES, 50 paisa coin is wrongly paired with the obverse die of, 1985, INDIRA GANDHI 50 Paise coin.

1986 -- FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT (6TH WORLD FOOD DAY) ISSUE: To highlight the need to increase catches of fish to supplement the diets of millions of people in the country, a 50 Paise coin was issued on 16th October, 1986 – the 6th World Food Day. The other 2 coins on the same theme, were issued in the denomination of 100 rupees and 20 rupees as proof specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 1986 Rev – The reverse of this coin shows a fisherman on a boat catching fishes with his net, while his companion rowing the boat with an ore in his hand. The legend “Matchhya Udyoga” in Hindi, “1986” – the year of issue and ‘FISHERIES’ in English appear at the top half of the periphery. The initials ‘F.A.O.’ is shown at the bottom. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 68.1 All other specifications are the same as before

Note – Mule specimens (Km No - # 68.2) from this issue of Kolkata mint exist. In the mule coins, the reverse die of 1985, INDIRA GANDHI, 50 paisa coin is wrongly paired with the obverse die of 1986, FISHERIES, 50 Paise coin.

1997 -- INDEPENDENCE GOLDEN JUBILEE COMMEMORATIVE : On the occasion of 50th Anniversary of Independence in 1997, a 50 Paise commemorative coin was issued for general circulation. The other coin on the same theme, was issued in the denomination of 50 rupees, as proof specimen.

Specifications Year of issue – 1997 Weight – 3.79 grams Metal composition – Ferritic Stainless Steel alloy ( Iron 83% + Chromium 17% ) Diameter – 22mm Edge – Plain Rev – The reverse of this coin shows the ‘Dandi March’ sculpture (Gandhiji marching with his followers), located outside President’s House, New Delhi, with the legend ‘Swatantrata ki 50 Wan Barsh’ in Hindi and ‘50TH YEAR OF INDEPENDENCE’ in English in the lower periphery. ‘1947-1997’ is inscribed just below the central design. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Noida Km No - # 70

9.) 1 RUPEE COMMEMORATIVE COINS OF INDIA 1 RUPEE COMMEMORATIVE COINS OF INDIA

1964 - JAWAHARLAL NEHRU COMMEMORATION:

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was a great freedom fighter in India’s struggle for freedom and he was the first Prime minister of India from 1947 to 1964. After his sad death on 27th May 1964, to pay homage to the departed leader, a 1 rupee coin was issued on 14th November 1964, in his memory. The other 2 coins issued for general circulation in his memory, are in the denomination of 50 paisa. This was also the first commemorative coin issued by India.

NEHRU-64

Specifications Year of issue – 1964 Weight -- 10 grams Metal composition - Nickel Diameter – 28 mm Shape -- Circular Edge – Security Obv -- The obverse of this coin shows the Ashokan lion and the value '1' in International numerals on the center . In English "INDIA" and "RUPEE" appear on the right periphery and in Hindi "Bharat" and "Rupaya" appear on the left . Rev -- The effigy of Pandit Nehru and legend “JAWAHARLAL NEHRU” and “1889 -1964” in English Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai Km No - # 76

1969 – MAHATMA GANDHI CENTENARY COMMEMORATION: On the occasion of birth centenary of M.K. Gandhi ( Mahatma Gandhi), the father of the nation, India issued this 1 rupee commemorative coin on 3rd October 1969. The other coins issued for general circulation in his memory, are in the denomination of 20 paisa, 50 paisa and 10 rupees.

Specifications Year of issue – 1969 Obv -- The obverse of this coin shows the Ashokan lion on the center . In English "INDIA" and "ONE RUPEE" appear on the right periphery and in Hindi "Bharat" and "Ek Rupaya" appear on the left . Rev -- Effigy of Gandhiji and legend “MAHATMA GANDHI” in both English and Hindi and “1869 - 1948”. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai

************************************************************************************ NOTE: The value of this coin is not shown in International numerals. ************************************************************************************ 1985 – INTERNATIONAL YOUTH YEAR ISSUE To focus an attention to the needs of the young people and the vital role they can play in the creation of a peaceful world, UNO proclaimed the year 1985 as the “INTERNATIONAL YOUTH YEAR”. The symbol adopted by UN for this purpose is — A stylized facial profile of 3 youths against a dove in flight, with an olive branch alongside. India issued a 1 rupee commemorative coin on this theme. The other coins issued in this theme, in the denomination of 10 rupees and 100 rupees, were only issued as proof and uncirculated specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 1985 Weight -- 6 grams Metal composition – Cupro Nickel Diameter – 26 mm Shape -- Circular Edge – Security Obv -- The obverse of this coin shows the Ashokan lion and the value '1' in International numerals on the center . In English "INDIA" and "RUPEE" appear on the right periphery and in Hindi "Bharat" and "Rupaya" appear on the left . "Satyameva Jayate' in Hindi is shown just below the Ashokan Lion. Rev -- The reverse of this coin shows the UN symbol and the legend “INTERNATIONAL YOUTH YEAR” in English, “Antarshtriya yuva barsh” in Hindi and “1985” the year of issue. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai Km No - # 80

1987 – SMALL FARMERS ( 7th WORLD FOOD DAY ) ISSUE In commemoration of the 7th World Food Day in 1987, India issued this 1 rupee commemorative coin on 16th October,1987 with the theme “SMALL FARMERS”.

Specifications Year of issue – 1987 Rev -- The reverse of this coin shows a farmer couple engaged in transplanting in a field, the legend “SMALL FARMERS” in English, “Chhote Kishan” in Hindi, the F.A.O. crest and “1987” the year of issue. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 81 All other specifications are the same as before

1988 – RAINFED FARMING ( 8th WORLD FOOD DAY ) ISSUE In commemoration of the 8th World Food Day in 1988, India issued this 1 rupee commemorative coin on 16th October,1988 with the theme “ RAINFED FARMING ”.

Specifications Year of issue – 1988 Rev -- The reverse of this coin shows a farmers wife with some sun flower stalks in her hands, a raining cloud and a pair of bullocks drawing a plough. The legend “RAINFED FARMING”, “FAO” in English, “Barsha Sinchit Kheti” in Hindi and “1988” the year of issue. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 82 All other specifications are the same as before

1989 – FOOD AND ENVIRONMENT ( 9th WORLD FOOD DAY ) ISSUE In commemoration of the 9th World Food Day in 1989, India issued this 1 rupee commemorative coin on 16th October,1989 with the theme “FOOD AND ENVIRONMENT”.

Specifications Year of issue – 1989 Rev -- The reverse of this coin shows three wheat stalks, with the sun and cloud in the background, the legend “FOOD AND ENVIRONMENT” , “WORLD FOOD DAY” in English, “Khadya Ebam Paryabaran”, “Biswa Khadya Divas” in Hindi, the F.A.O. crest and “1989” the year of issue. Minted at –Mumbai, Hyderabad, Noida Km No - # 84 All other specifications are the same as before

1989 – JAWAHARLAL NEHRU CENTENARY COMMEMORATION: Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime minister of India from 1947 to 1964. To pay homage to the dynamic leader on the centenary of his birth, a 1 rupee coin was issued on 14th November 1988, to mark the beginning of the centenary year. Another coin issued for general circulation, was in the denomination of 5 rupees. The other coins issued in the denomination of 20 rupees and 100 rupees, were only issued as proof and uncirculated specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 1989 Rev -- Shows the effigy of Pandit Nehru with a “Gandhi Cap” on his head and the legend “JAWAHARLAL NEHRU”, “CENTENARY” and “1989’, the centenary year in English and “Jawaharlal Nehru”, “Janmashati” in Hindi on the obverse, Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Noida Km No - # 83 All other specifications are the same as before

1990 – CARE FOR THE GIRL CHILD ( SAARC YEAR ) ISSUE At the 2nd summit of the SAARC ( South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation ), the year 1990 was declared as the ‘ Year of the Girl Child’. Along with other 6 SAARC countries ( Bangla Desh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) India brought out a 1 rupee commemorative coin on 5th September 1990 to impress upon her people to take same care in bringing up their daughters as they do for their sons.

Specifications Year of issue – 1990 Edge – Security or Milled Rev – The reverse of this coin shows a small girl under the sun – a symbol of impartiality. The inscription ‘SAARC YEAR’ and ‘1990’ – the year of issue, appear below the girl, and the SAARC logo at her side. The legend ‘CARE FOR THE GIRL CHILD’ in English and ‘ Khushal Balika Bhabisya Deshka ‘ in Hindi, inscribed along periphery. Minted at –Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - Security- # 87.1, Milled- 87.2 All other specifications are the same as before

1990 – FOOD FOR THE FUTURE ( 10th WORLD FOOD DAY ) ISSUE In commemoration of the 10th ‘World Food Day’, a 1 rupee coin with the theme ‘FOOD FOR THE FUTURE’ was issued on 16th October, 1990 – the world food day. It highlights the importance of production of more food grains for feeding the growing population of the country.

Specifications Year of issue – 1990 Edge – milled Rev -- The reverse of this coin shows a farmer couple – the farmer carrying a plough on his shoulders. In the back ground two stalks of wheat, a cart wheel, an agricultural pump and a fisherman throwing his net are shown. The legend ‘ FOOD FOR THE FUTURE’ in English, ‘Bhabishya Ke Liye Bhojan’ in Hindi and the F.A.O. crest between the text, is inscribed round the top half of the periphery. The text ‘WORLD FOOD DAY 16 OCTOBER 1990’ in English appear round the bottom half of the periphery and in Hindi below the central design. Minted at – Kolkata, Hyderabad Km No - # 88

1990 – 15 YEARS OF I.C.D.S. The Integrated Child Development Services ( I.C.D.S. ) was inaugurated in 1975. I the is the largest and most important Government scheme, which ams at the overall development of children in the economically weaker section of the society. This scheme includes supply of supplementary food to children, provision of immunization facility to expectant mothers and children against various infectious diseases and regular health check up.

To highlight the commendable work being done by I.C.D.S., a 1 rupee commemorative coin was issued on 17th January, 1991 on the 15th anniversary of the organization.

Specifications Year of issue – 1990 Rev -- The reverse of this coin shows a child in its mother’s lap, set within radiating sun – symbolizing general well being. The legend ‘15 YEARS OF I.C.D.S.’ in English appears around the right half and ‘Samekita Bal Bikash Seva Yojana’ in Hindi around the left half of the periphery. The text ‘ Basudhaiba Kutumbakam’ in Sanskrit ( meaning – ‘People of the World are our kins’ ) is set on the top of the central design, with the date ‘ 1975 – 1990 ‘ noted below. Minted at –Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 86 All other specifications are the same as before

1990 – Dr. B.R. AMBEDKAR CENTENARY COMMEMORATION Dr. B.R.Ambedkar ( Bhim Rao Ramji Ambedkar ) also known as Babasaheb Ambedkar was the architect of India's constitution. He was born on 14th April, 1891 in an untouchable family and he led an extensive fight against the practice and prejudices of untouchability. He is also credited with having sparked the Dalit Buddhist movement. He breathed his last on 6th December, 1956. Ambedkar has been honoured with the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award.

Specifications Year of issue – 1990 Rev -- The reverse of this coin shows his effigy. The legend ‘DR. B. R. AMBEDKAR CENTENARY’ in English is inscribed along right half of the periphery and in Hindi along the left half of the periphery. ‘1990’ – the year of the beginning of centenary celebration appear below his effigy. Minted at –Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 85 All other specifications are the same as before

1991 – COMMON WEALTH PARLIAMENTARY CONFERENCE COMMEMORATION The ‘Commonwealth Parliamentary Association’ was founded in 1911. It is an association of parliaments and provincial legislature of Commonwealth countries and it aims at promoting understanding and co-operation among the Commonwealth parliamentarians. Its meeting is held in alternate years at the capital of one of the member countries.

The 37th Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference was held in New Delhi from 23rd to 28th September, 1991. To commemorate this event, India issued a 1 rupee commemorative coin on 21st September, 1991. The other coins issued in this theme, in the denomination of 5 rupees and 10 rupees, were only issued as proof and uncirculated specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 1991 Rev -- The reverse of this coin shows the Parliament House in New Delhi with the inscription ‘COMMONWEALTH PARLIAMENTARY CONFERENCE’ in English and ‘Rajyamandal Sansadiya Sammelan’ in Hindi around the periphery. ‘1991’ – the year of issue appear above the Parliament House. Minted at – Mumbai Km No - # 90 All other specifications are the same as before

1991– TOURISM YEAR ISSUE With an aim of boosting tourism in India, the year “1991” was designated as “TOURISM YEAR” – a year to be devoted for the development of tourism in the country. To commemorate this, a 1 rupee coin was issued on 25.12.1991 for general circulation. The other coins issued in this theme, in the denomination of 2 rupees and 5 rupees, were only issued as proof and uncirculated specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 1991 Rev – Shows a stylized peacock ( the national bird of India ) with the legend “TOURISM YEAR” and ‘1991’-- the year of issue in English and “Paryatan varsha” in Hindi. Minted at – Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 91 All other specifications are the same as before

1992 – RAJIV GANDHI COMMEMORATION Rajiv Gandhi (20 August 1944 – 21 May 1991), was the elder son of Indira Gandhi. After the assassination of his mother, Mrs. Indira Gandhi, the prime minister of India on 31st October, 1984, Rajiv was nominated as the 9th Prime Minister of India. He own the elections held in Dec’84 with overwhelming majority and became the youngest Prime Minister of India when he took office (at the age of 40).

In 1986He founded the Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya System, created MTNL and his public call offices, better known as PCOs, helped spread telephones in rural areas.

He was assassinated by a bomb blast done by the L.T.T.E. extremists at a meeting at Sriperambudur (Tamilnadu) on 21st may 1991. India paid her homage to this departed leader by issuing this 1 rupee commemorative coin on 21st May 1992 – the first anniversary of his death. He was posthumously awarded the Highest National Award of India, Bharat Ratna.

Specifications Year of issue – 1991 Rev – Shows the effigy of Rajiv Gandhi with the legend “RAJIV GANDHI” in both English and Hindi and “1944 – 1991” – his years of birth and death. Minted at – Mumbai, Hyderabad , Noida Km No - # 89 All other specifications are the same as before

1992 – FOOD & NUTRITION ( 12th WORLD FOOD DAY ) ISSUE In commemoration of the 12th World Food Day in 1992, India issued a 1 rupee commemorative coin on 16th October,1992 with the theme “FOOD AND NUTRITION”. It highlights the importance of nourishing food for the health and well being of people.

Specifications Year of issue – 1992 Rev -- The reverse of this coin shows a sheaf of paddy, a fish, a glass of milk, some fruits and vegetables. It also shows the FAO emblem, “1992” – the year of issue, the legend “FOOD AND NUTRITION”, “WORLD FOOD DAY” in English and “Khadya Ebam Poshakata”, “Viswa Khadya Diwas” in Hindi. Minted at – Kolkata Km No - # 94 All other specifications are the same as before

1993 – 89TH INTER PARLIAMENTARY UNION CONFERENCE COMMEMORATION With the aim of fostering contacts, co-ordination and exchange of experience among Parliaments and Parliamentarians of all countries the IPU was established in the year 1889.

The 89th conference of IPU, held at New Delhi from 12th to 17th April 1993. To commemorate this event, a 1 rupee coin was issued on 11th April 1993.

Specifications Year of issue – 1993 Rev -- The reverse of this coin features the Parliament House in New Delhi, with the logo of the IPU below it. It also shows “1993” -- the year of issue, the legend “89TH INTER PARLIAMENTARY UNION CONFERENCE” in English and “89 Wan Antar Sansadiya Sangha Sammelan” in Hindi. Minted at – Mumbai Km No - # 95 All other specifications are the same as before

1993 – QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT : GOLDEN JUBILEE COMMEMORATION In 1942, All India Congress Committee adopted ‘Quit India’ resolution, which demanded the withdrawal of British Power from India. A mass movement was started with the leadership of Gandhiji.

The 50th Anniversary of “Quit India Movement “ was observed all over the country throughout the year 1992. A 1 rupee commemorative coin was issued for general circulation on 12th July 1993 to mark the completion of the Anniversary Year. The other coins issued in this theme, in the denomination of 10 rupees, 50 rupees and 100 rupees, were only issued as proof and uncirculated specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 1993 Rev -- The reverse of this coin shows the ‘Martyrs’ Memorial’, captioned ‘Seven Freedom Fighters’ installed outside the Bihar State Secretariat Building at Patna. The inscription “QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT : GOLDEN JUBILEE” in both English and Hindi with the 50 years span ’1942-1992’ shown below the memorial. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai , Hyderabad Km No - # 93 All other specifications are the same as before

1994 – INTERNATIONALYEAR OF THE FAMILY ISSUE As per the decision taken in the U.N. General Assembly, the year 1994 was declared as the INTERNATIONA YEAR OF THE FAMILY. A 1 rupee coin was issued on 27th December 1994 to highlight the increased awareness of family issues in a society. This coin is the first 1 rupee commemorative coin issued in FSS.

Specifications Year of issue – 1994 Weight – 4.85 grams Metal composition - FSS Diameter – 25 mm Shape - Circular Edge – milled Rev - The reverse of this coin shows a stylized central design of a close knit family, consisting of a child with his parents and grand parents. It also shows “1994” -- the year of issue, the legend “INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE FAMILY” in English and “Antarashtriya Pariwar Barsha” in Hindi. Minted at – Mumbai Km No - # 96

1995 – 8TH WORLD TAMIL CONFERENCE ( SAINT THIRUVALLUVAR ) COMMEMORATION The International Association of Tamil Research (IATR) was founded in 1964. The IATR has been organizing conferences and seminars of Tamil studies at an interval of 4 years in countries like India,Sri Lanka, France, Maldives, Mauritius and Malaysia which has a sizable Tamil speaking population.

To commemorate the 8th international conference seminar on Tamil studies, held at Thanjuvar (Tamil Nadu) from 1st to 5th January 1995, India issued a 1 rupee commemorative coin in FSS. The other coin issued for general circulation, were in the denomination of 2 rupees and 5 rupees and were in Cupro nickel.

Specifications Year of issue – 1995 Rev --. The reverse of this coin shows the saint poet THIRUVALLUVAR seated on a low stool in a writing position with the inscription “1995” -- the year of issue, “8TH WORLD TAMIL CONFERENCE” in English, “SAINT THIRUVALLUVAR” in both English and Hindi, “8 Wi Viswa Tamil Sammelan” in Hindi. Edge – milled or plain Minted at – Mumbai , Hyderabad , Noida Km No - # 97.1 All other specifications are the same as before

1997 – CELLULAR JAIL COMMEMORATION After the first war of independence of 1857 was crushed, many rebels were deported for life to the Andaman Islands by the British. These remote islands were considered to be a suitable place to punish the rebels. As the number of prisoners being sent to the Andaman started growing and the need for a high-security prison was felt, a jail was constructed between 1896 and 1906, The jail building had seven wings with a central tower. Each of the seven wings had three stories upon completion. There were a total of 698 cells. Each cell was 4.5 meters x 2.7 meters in size with a ventilator located at a height of three meters. The name, "cellular jail" is derived from the solitary cells which prevented any prisoner from communicating with any other. Two out of the seven wings of the Jail were demolished during the Japanese occupation of the Andaman islands in 1942. Another two wings of the jail were demolished after India achieved its independence. This led to protests from several former prisoners and political leaders. As a result, the remaining three wings and the central tower were converted into a National Memorial in 1969. The Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital was set up in the premises of the Cellular Jail in 1963. It is now a 500-bed hospital with about 40 doctors serving the local population. On the occasion of India's 50th anniversary of independence in 1997, a 1 rupee commemorative coin on the theme ‘CELLULAR JAIL’ was issued.

Specifications Year of issue – 1997 Edge – Plain Rev -- The reverse of this coin shows a view of Cellulr Jail, “1997” -- the year of issue, and the legend “CELLULAR JAIL” & “PORT BLAIR” both in English and Hindi. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai , Hyderabad Km No - # 98 All other specifications are the same as before

1999 – SAINT DNYANESHWAR COMMEMORATION Dnyaneshwar (1274–1296) was a 13th century Maharashtran saint , poet, philosopher and yogi of the Nath tradition whose works Bhavartha deepika teeka and Amrutanubhav are considered to be milestones in Marathi literature. A 1 rupee commemorative coin was issued for general circulation. The other coins issued in this theme, in the denomination of 100 rupees, were only issued as proof and uncirculated specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 1999 Rev -- The reverse of this coin shows “1999” -- the year of issue, and the legend “SAINT DNYANESHWAR 1274 – 1296” in both English and Hindi. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai , Noida Km No - # 295 All other specifications are the same as before

2002 – LOK NAYAK JAYAPRAKASH NARAYAN CENTENARY COMMEMORATION Jay Prakash Narayan, popularly known as JP, is well known for leading the opposition against Indira Gandhi. He had called for a “Sampurna Kranti” ( a total revolution ) in Bihar. It was under his guidance that the Janata party came into power for the first time after the emergency had been revoked. He passed away in October 1979. In his honour a 1 rupee commemorative coin was issued for general circulation. The other coins issued in this theme, in the denomination of 10 rupees and 100 rupees, were only issued as proof and uncirculated specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 2002 Rev -- The reverse of this coin shows the effigy of Jaya Prakash Narayan. It also shows “2002” -- the year of issue, the legend “LOK NAYAK JAYAPRAKASH NARAYAN CENTENARY” in both English and Hindi and “Janmasati” in Hindi. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai , Hyderabad Km No - # 313 All other specifications are the same as before

Note: Some collectors show this coin having no mint mark, assumed to be issue of Kolkata mint. Some other dealers and collectors claim that this coin was never issued from Kolkata mint. Hence the issue of this coin from Kolkata is doubtful.

2003 – MAHARANA PRATAP COMMEMORATION Maharana Pratap (May 9, 1540 – January 29, 1597) was a Hindu ruler of Mewar, a state in north- western India. In 1568, during the reign of Udai Singh II, Chittor was conquered by the Mughal emperor Akbar. Maharana Pratap never accepted Akbar as ruler of India, and fought against Akbar all his life to free Chittor fort, his ancestral home, from Mughal occupation. On June 21, 1576 he fought with the army of Akbar at Haldighati, Seeing that the battle was lost, Pratap fled, and escaped to the hills. His one attempt at open confrontation having thus failed, Pratap resumed the tactics of guerilla warfare. He died on January 29, 1597. Maharana Pratap has always been held in great esteem in India and was projected as a model of patriotism and freedom struggle against the Mughal rule in India.

A 1 rupee commemorative coin was issued to commemorate him. The other coins issued in this theme, in the denomination of 10 rupees and 100 rupees, were only issued as proof and uncirculated specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 2003 Rev -- The reverse of this coin shows the effigy of Maharana Pratap with the legend “MAHARANA PRATAP” in both English and Hindi. It also shows ‘2003’—the year of issue and ‘1540 – 1597’ his years of birth and death. Minted at -- Mumbai , Hyderabad Km No - # 314 All other specifications are the same as before

2003 – VEER DURGA DASS COMMEMORATION Durgadas was a Rajput. He was appointed in the army of Maharaja Jaswant Singh, the ruler of Marwar. The moghuls occupied Marwar after the death of Jaswant Singh. Durgadas fought with the Moghuls and was successful in winning over the Moghul forces & proclaiming Jaswant Singh’s son Ajit Singh as Maharaja of Jodhpur. Durgadas passed away on 22nd November 1718, at the age of 81 years.

A 1 rupee commemorative coin was issued for general circulation in his commemoration. The other coins issued in this theme, in the denomination of 10 rupees and 100 rupees, were only issued as proof and uncirculated specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 2003 Rev -- The reverse of this coin shows the effigy of Veer Durga Dass with a spear in his right hand, a sword in his left hand and with the legend “VEER DURGA DASS” in both English and Hindi. It also shows ‘2003’— the year of issue and ‘1638 – 1718’ his years of birth and death. Minted at – Mumbai , Hyderabad Km No - # 316 All other specifications are the same as before

2004 – 150 YRS INDIAN POST COMMEMORATION The first Postage Stamp of India, for use in the entire country, was issued in 1854. To commemorate the 150th anniversary of this event a 1 rupee commemorative coin was issued on 4th October,2004. The other coin issued in this theme, in the denomination of 100 rupees, was only issued as proof and uncirculated specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 2004 Rev -- The reverse of this coin shows postage stamp with the logo of India Post, the legend ”INDIA POST”, “150” and “YEARS” in English. It also shows “2004” -- the year of issue, and “Bharatiya Dak” , and “Varsh” in Hindi. Minted at – Kolkata Km No - # 321 All other specifications are the same as before

2010 -- RESERVE BANK OF INDIA PLATINUM JUBILEE COMMEMORATION ISSUE: The RBI ( Reserve Bank of India) was established in India on 1st April, 1935. It regulates the issue of bank notes, keeps reserves with a view to securing monetary stability in India and operates the currency and credit system in the best interests of the country. The Central Office of the Reserve Bank was initially established in Kolkata, but was permanently moved to Mumbai in 1937.

To commemorate the Platinum Jubilee of establishment of RBI in 2010, India issued this 1 rupee coin on 1st April, 2010, for general circulation. Out of the other 4 coins issued on the same occasion, the 2 rupee, 5 rupees and the 10 rupees coins were issued for general circulation and the coin, in the denomination of 75 rupees, was issued as proof / uncirculated specimen.

Specifications Year of issue – 2010 Rev – The reverse of this coin shows the image of the emblem of Reserve Bank of India, namely Palm Tree and Tiger with inscription "Bharatiya Reserve Bank" in Hindi, on the left periphery and "RESERVE BANK OF INDIA" in English on the right periphery. The words "PLATINUM JUBILEE" in both Hindi and English along with year "1935-2010" is also inscribed below the emblem. Minted at – Hyderabad Km No - # NA

10.) RUPEES CIRCULATING COMMEMORATIVE COINS OF INDIA 2 Rs CIRCULATING COMMEMORATIVE COINS OF INDIA 1982 - IX ASIAN GAMES (DELHI) COMMEMORATIVE : The IX th Asian Games were held at New Delhi from 19th November, 1982 to4th December, 1982. India issued this 2 rupees coin on 19th November, 1982to commemorate this event. Out of the other 4 coins issued on the same occasion, the 10 Paise and 25 Paise coins were issued for general circulation and the 10 rupees and the 100 rupees coins were issued as uncirculated / proof specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 1982 Weight – 8 grams Metal composition – Cupro – Nickel alloy ( 75% Copper + 25% Nickel ) Shape – Circular Diameter – 28 mm Edge – Security Obv -- The obverse of this coin shows the Ashokan lion, 'Satyameva Jayate' in Hindi and the value '2' in International numerals under it . In English "INDIA" and "RUPEES" appear on the right periphery and in Hindi "Bharat" and "Rupaye" appear on the left . Rev – The reverse of this coin shows the Asian Games ‘Logo’ – the ancientJANTAR-MANTAR observatory in Delhi with the SUN above it with ‘DELHI’ and ‘1982’ – the year of issue below it. The inscription ‘IX ASIAN GAMES’ in English is shown in the right periphery and ‘Nawam Asiyayee Khel’ in Hindi is shown in the left periphery. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai Km No - # 120

1982 - NATIONAL INTEGRATION ISSUE: To stress the need for communal harmony and to aware the people that the different states and its people are the integral part of our country India, a 2 rupees coin with the theme “National Integration” was issued in Dec,1982. Out of the other 3 coins issued on the same theme, the 50 Paise coin was issued for general circulation and the 10 rupees and the 100 rupees coins were issued as uncirculated / proof specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 1982 Rev – The reverse of this coin shows the map of India in relief with theNational flag over the map. The slogans “Rastriya Ekata” in Hindi and “NATIONAL INTEGRATION” in English are inscribed on the coin. ‘1982’ -- the year of issue is shown at the bottom. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai Km No - # 121.2 All other specifications are same as described above. 1992 – LAND-VITAL RESOURCE ISSUE: As a part of awareness campaign for conservation and promotion of scientific management of land resources, the National Resources Conservation Week was observed from 15th November to 21st of November,1992. This 2 rupees coin was issued on 18-11-1992 to commemorate this occasion.

Specifications Year of issue – 1992 Weight – 6 grams Metal composition – Cupro – Nickel alloy (75% Copper + 25% Nickel) Shape – Hendecagonal (11 sides) Diameter – 26 mm Edge – Plain Rev – The reverse of this coin shows a tree above and structures made of earth below (both prevent soil erosion). 1992 – the year of issue appears below water. The legend ‘Bhumi Mukhya Sansadhan’ in Hindi and ‘LAND-VITAL RESOURCE’ in English appears at the top half of the periphery. The inscription ‘Rashtriya Bhumi Samrakhyana Saptaha 14-20 November 1992’ in Hindi and ‘NATIONAL LAND CONSERVATION WEEK 14-20 Nov1992’ in English appear on the bottom half of the periphery in two lines. Minted at – Kolkata Km No - # 323 All other specifications are same as described above.

********************************************************************** NOTE: This coin was never issued for general circulation. It was only presented to the dignitaries who attended this function. I personally don’t have this coin in my collection. This coin is one of the rarest coins issued by the Republic of India. The mintage of this coin is assumed to be less than 500. The picture of this coin is downloaded from the Internet. Thanks to the Author. **********************************************************************

1993 - FAMILY PLANNING (WORLD POPULATION DAY) ISSUE: To highlight the need to control the growth of country’s population in order to ensure food supply for all, this 2 rupees coin was issued for general circulation on World Population day - the 11th July, 1993.

Specifications Year of issue –1993 Rev – The reverse of this coin shows a couple with their two children, the boy holding some balloons in his hand. Around the periphery, the slogan ‘SMALL FAMILY HAPPY FAMILY’ in English appear at the bottom half and ‘Chhota Pariwar Khushiyan Apar’ in Hindi appear along the top half. ‘1993’ – the year of issue, is shown below the couple. Minted at – Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 124

1993 - BIO DIVERSITY (WORLD FOOD DAY) ISSUE: Man is a part of nature. He thrives on nature’s gifts. So he should learn to live in harmony with the natural things like plants, the birds, the mammals and also the environment, composed of land air, water and other natural resources. The activities of man, which causes pollution of air, water, land and environment, need to be controlled.

To generate greater awareness, about ecological and environmental problems, among people, this 2 rupees coin was issued for general circulation on 16th October, 1993 – the World Food Day.

Specifications Year of issue – 1993 Rev – The reverse of this coin shows the central design consisting of a patch of cloud, The F.A.O. emblem, a bird, a mountain, the sun, a tree, a tortoise, a fish swimming in water and a cluster of moss – in short, a replica of the diversities of life. ‘1993’ – the year of issue is shown below the central design. The legend ‘Jaivik Vividhata Biswa Khadya Divas’ in Hindi appear on the left half and ‘ BIO DIVERSITY WORLD FOOD DAY’ in English appear on the right half of the periphery. Minted at – Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 125 All other specifications are same as described above.

1994 - WATER FOR LIFE (WORLD FOOD DAY) ISSUE: Along with land and air, water is earth’s basic assets. It is directly or indirectly required for all living creatures and plants for sustaining their lives. No life on this earth can thrive without water. So man must learn to make rational use of this resource.

To highlight the necessity to give much higher priority for ensuring safe drinking water and sustainable water supply, this 2 rupees commemorative coin was issued for general circulation on 16th October,1994 – the World Food Day.

Specifications Year of issue – 1994 Rev – The reverse of this coin shows, a stream and a big water drop falling on it, at the center. The F.A.O. crest appears above the water drop and ‘1994’ -- the year of issue is shown below the stream. The legend ‘Jal Jivan Ka Adhar Biswa Khadya Divas’ in Hindi appear in two lines on the top left quadrant and ‘ WATER FOR LIFE WORLD FOOD DAY’ in English appear in two lines on the top right quadrant of the periphery. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 126 All other specifications are same as described above.

1995 – 8TH WORLD TAMIL CONFERENCE ( SAINT THIRUVALLUVAR ) COMMEMORATION The International Association of Tamil Research (IATR) was founded in 1964. The IATR has been organizing conferences and seminars of Tamil studies at an interval of 4 years in countries like India,Sri Lanka, France,Maldives, Mauritius and Malaysia which has a sizable Tamil speaking population.

To commemorate the 8th international conference seminar on Tamil studies, held at Thanjuvar (Tamil Nadu) from 1st to 5th January 1995, Indiaissued this 2 rupee commemorative coin. The other coins issued for general circulation, were in the denomination of 1 rupee in FSS and 5 rupees in Cupro nickel.

Specifications Year of issue – 1995 Rev – The reverse of this coin shows the saint poet THIRUVALLUVARseated on a low stool in a writing position with the inscription “1995” -- the year of issue, “8TH WORLD TAMIL CONFERENCE” in English, “SAINT THIRUVALLUVAR” in both English and Hindi, “8 Wi ViswaTamil Sammelan” in Hindi. Minted at –Mumbai Km No - # 128 All other specifications are same as described above.

1995 - AGRI EXPO 95 ISSUE: With an aim of promoting the export of agricultural produce of the country, the third National Level Agricultural Exhibition, named “Agri Expo - 95”, was held at New Delhi from 3rd to 13th March, 1995. In commemoration of this exhibition this 2 rupees coin was issued on 3rd March, 1995 for general circulation.

Specifications Year of issue – 1995 Rev – The reverse of this coin shows a cattle head with a plough and a hoeon either side of it, all enclosed by two olive twigs. The caption ‘AGRIEXPO95‘ in Hindi appear on the top of the central design and in English at the bottom and ‘1995’- - the year of issue below it. The inscription ‘GLOBALIZING INDIAN AGRICULTURE’ in English appear around the periphery on the left and ‘Bharatiya Krushi Ka Biswabyapikarana‘ in Hindi on the right. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai Km No - # 127 All other specifications are same as described above.

1996 - SARDAR PATEL COMMEMORATIVE : Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (October 31, 1875- December 15, 1950) was popularly known as Iron Man of India. He successfully led Kheda Satyagraha and Bardoli revolt against British government. He was elected Congress President in 1931. He played a leading role in the Indian freedom struggle and became the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of India. He is credited with achieving political integration of India.He was posthumously conferred Bharat Ratna in 1991.

This 2 rupees coin was issued in his commemoration for general circulation. The other 3 coins were issued, in the denomination of 10 rupees, 50 rupees and the 100 rupees, as uncirculated / proof specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 1996 Rev – The reverse of this coin shows the effigy of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in the center and the year of issue '1996' just below it. The legend "SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL" in English and Hindi appears on the periphery. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Noida Km No - # 129 All other specifications are same as described above.

1996 - SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE CENTENARY COMMEMORATIVE : Though, Subhas Chandra Bose, popularly known as Netaji, was born in in the year 1897, and his centenary falls on 1997, this coin was wrongly issued by Kolkata mint in the year 1996 in his centenary commemoration.

Specifications Year of issue – 1996 Rev – The reverse of this coin shows the effigy of Netaji in the center with the legend ‘SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE’ in both English and Hindi on the upper half of the periphery with ‘CENTENARY’ in English, ‘Janmasati’ in Hindi and ‘1996’ – the year of issue below his effigy, on the lower half of the periphery. Minted at – Kolkata Km No - # 130.1 All other specifications are same as described above.

1997 - SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE CENTENARY COMMEMORATIVE : Subhas Chandra Bose(1897 -- 1945), popularly known as Netaji, was a leader in the Indian independence movement. He was elected as the president of the Indian National Congress for two consecutive terms. But due to ideological conflicts with Mahatma Gandhi, he left the Congress party and established a separate political party, the All India Forward Bloc and demanded for the full and immediate independence of India from British rule. He was jailed several times by the British authorities.

With the outbreak of the Second World War, he went away from India and with Japanese assistance; he formed the Indian National Army, to fight against British forces. He formed the Azad Hind Government in exile and led the Indian National Army in battle against the British at Imphal and inBurma. He is presumed to have died on 18 August 1945 in a plane crash.

This 2 rupees coin was issued in his commemoration for general circulation. The other 3 coins were issued, in the denomination of 10 rupees, 50 rupees and the 100 rupees, as uncirculated / proof specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 1997 Rev – Same as 1996 issue, except the year of issue being 1997. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Noida Km No - # 130 All other specifications are same as described above.

1998 – DESHBANDHU CHITTARANJAN DAS COMMEMORATIVE: Chittaranjan Das, was born on November 5, 1870, in Bikrampur, Dhaka (now in Bangladesh). He was an eminent Bengali lawyer and a leading figure in the Indian independence movement. He was popularly called “Deshbandhu” (Friend of the country), for the sacrifices he made for the freedom struggle. He breathed his last on 16 June 1925.

This 2 rupees coin was issued in his commemoration for general circulation. The other 3 coins were issued, in the denomination of 10 rupees, 50 rupees and the 100 rupees, as uncirculated / proof specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 1998 Rev – The reverse of this coin shows the effigy of DESHBANDHU CHITTARANJAN DAS, at the center with the legend ‘DESHBANDHU CHITTARANJAN DAS’ in both Hindi and English, ‘1870-1925’ – his year of birth and death and ‘1998’, -- the year of issue, around the periphery. Minted at – Kolkata, Hyderabad, Noida Km No - # 296 All other specifications are same as described above.

1998 – SRI AUROBINDO COMMEMORATIVE: Sri Aurobindo was born in Calcutta on 15th August 1872. He was an Indian nationalist, freedom fighter, philosopher, yogi, and poet. He was arrested in May 1908 in connection with the Alipore Bomb Case. After he was acquitted in the ensuing trial, he moved to Pondicherry, where he spent the rest of his life. He established an ashram there popularly known as ‘Aurabindo Ashram’ and completely dedicated himself to his spiritual and philosophical pursuits. Later Sri Maa joined him. He breathed his last on 5 December 1950.

This 2 rupees coin was issued in his commemoration for general circulation. The other 3 coins were issued, in the denomination of 10 rupees, 50 rupees and the 100 rupees, as uncirculated / proof specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 1998 Rev – The reverse of this coin shows the effigy of SRI AUROBINDO, at the center with the legend ‘SRI AUROBINDO’ in both Hindi and English, in upper half of the periphery. The slogan ‘Sampurna Jiwan Yoga Hai’ in Hindi and ‘ALL LIFE IS YOGA’ in English and ‘1998’, -- the year of issue, appear at the lower half of the periphery. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Noida Km No - # 131 All other specifications are same as described above.

1999 – CHHATRAPATI SHIVAJI COMMEMORATIVE: Shivaji Bhosle (February 19, 1630 – April 3, 1680), popularly known as Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, was a maratha warrior who lead a resistance to free the marathas from the Sultanate of Bijapur and frequently raided and defended themselves from Mughal Empire. He created an independentMaratha Kingdom with Raigad as its capital and became the crowned king 'Chatrapati' of the Maratha Kingdom in 1674. He is today remembered inMaharashtra as a hero and a great King who stood for freedom and for the right of maratha independence.

This 2 rupees coin was issued in his commemoration for general circulation. The other 2 coins were issued, in the denomination of 50 rupees and the 100 rupees, as uncirculated / proof specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 1999 Rev – The reverse of this coin shows the effigy of Chhatrapati Shivaji, at the center with the legend ‘CHHATRAPATI SHIVAJI’ both in English and Hindi, and with 1999 – the year of issue around the periphery. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Noida Km No - # 290 All other specifications are same as described above.

2000 - SUPREME COURT GOLDEN JUBILEE COMMEMORATIVE: The Supreme Court of India is the highest court of the land. It was established on January 28,1950 . Primarily, it is an apellate court which takes up appeals against judgments of the provincial High Courts. But, it takes writ petitions in cases of serious human rights violations or if it involves any serious issue that needs immediate resolution. The Golden Jubilee celebration of its establishment was observed in the year 2000.

On this occassion this 2 rupees coin was issued in November,2000 for general circulation. Another 50 rupees coin, was issued as uncirculated / proof specimen.

Specifications Year of issue – 2000 Rev – The reverse of this coin shows the Lion Capital of Ashokan Pillarwith the Ashoka chakra above it and the slogan "Yato Dharma Stato Jaya" in Sanskrit below it, which means that where there is virtue (Dharma), there is victory. The inscription in the periphery reads "SUPREME COURT OF INDIA" in English on the right side and "Bharat Ka Uchchatam Nyayalaya" in Hindi at the left. Ai the bottom of the periphery ‘1950-2000’ – the fifty years of establishment of the Supreme Court is shown. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Noida Km No - # 291 All other specifications are same as described above.

2001 – DR. SYAMA PRASAD MOOKERJEE CENTENARY COMMEMORATIVE: Syama Prasad Mookerjee (July 6, 1901 - June 23, 1953) was a nationalist political leader of India, and is considered the godfather of modern Hindutva and Hindu Nationalism. He was the youngest Vice-Chancellor of the University of Calcutta from 1934-38. In Nehru's Cabinet, he was a minister for Industry and Supply. After the differences with Pandit Nehru,Mookerjee left Congress and founded the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, the first Hindu nationalist political party of its kind. He was also the leader of the Hindu Mahasabha and closely associated with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.

This 2 rupees coin was issued in his commemoration for general circulation. The other 3 coins were issued, in the denomination of 10 rupees, 50 rupees and the 100 rupees, as uncirculated / proof specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 2001 Rev – The reverse of this coin shows the effigy of Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee, with ‘2001’ – the year of issue below it. The legend ‘DR. SYAMA PRASAD MOOKERJEE CENTENARY’, in both English and Hindi is inscribed around the periphery. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai?, Hyderabad, Noida Km No - # 303 All other specifications are same as described above.

2002 - SANT TUKARAM COMMEMORATIVE: Tukaram (1608 – 1650) was one of the greatest poet saints of India. He was born in a small village in Maharashtra He is quite renowned for his contribution to the Bhakti Movement and he is commonly known as Sant Tukaram in Maharashtra

This 2 rupees coin was issued in his commemoration for general circulation. The other 3 coins were issued, in the denomination of 10 rupees, 50 rupees and the 100 rupees, as uncirculated / proof specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 2002 Rev – The reverse of this coin shows SANT TUKARAM seated on a low stool, with a Veena in his hand. The legend ‘SANT TUKARM’ both in English and Hindi is inscribed in the lower half of the periphery with 2002- the year of issue, below his figure. The slogan ‘ Bhakti . Bhratrutwa . Jagruti ‘ in Hindi appear at the upper side of the periphery. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Noida Km No - # 305 All other specifications are same as described above.

2003 – RAILWAYS, “150 GLORIOUS YEARS” COMMEMORATIVE: On April 16th, 1853, at 3:35pm, the first train in India left Bombay's Bori Bunder for Thane. This train was with 14 railway carriages and 400 guests. On the occasion of Indian Railway's 150th year, a mascot in the form of a cartoon elephant, 'Bholu', dressed in the uniform of a Train Guard, holding a hand signal lamp with green Light, was adopted. This 2 rupees coin, in commemoration 150 glorious years, was issued on 1.9.2003 for general circulation. On this occasion another 100 rupees coin was issued, as proof / unc specimen.

Specifications Year of issue – 2003 Rev – The reverse of this coin shows the image of ‘Bholu’, the mascot of the Indian Railways. The inscription ‘Bholu, The Guard’ appear below this mascot. The legend ‘Railways 150 Glorious Years’ in English and ‘Railway 150 Gouravpurna varsha’ in Hindi appear around the periphery with 2003 – the year of issue at the bottom. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Noida? Km No - # 307 2007 - PLATINUM JUBILEE OF INDIAN AIR FORCE (1932-2007) COMMEMORATIVE: The Indian Air Force ( Bhartiya Vayu Sena) is the air arm of the armed forces of India. It was officially established on October 8, 1932. Since independence, the IAF has been involved in four conflicts with neighboringPakistan and one with the People's Republic of China. It also takes part in rescue operations during national calamities like flood, cyclone and earth quakes etc. This 2 rupees coin was issued by India in 2007, to commemorate the Platinum Jubilee of its establishment. On this occasion another 100 rupees coin was issued, as uncirculated / proof specimen.

Specifications Years of issue –2007 Metal composition – Ferritic Stainless Steel alloy (83% Iron, 17% Chromium) Weight – 5.62 grams Shape – Circular Diameter – 27 mm Edge –Plain Obv -- The face of the coin is divided by 2 horizontal lines into three portions. The top portion contains words “Bharat” in Hindi and "INDIA" in English, The bottom portion shows "Rupaye" in Hindi and "RUPEES" in English.The center portion bears the “Lion capitol” of Ashok Pillar with the legend “Satyameva Jayate” in Hindi inscribed below, the prominent International numeral “2” indicates the denomination. Rev – The reverse of this coin shows the latest multi-role combat aircraft -SU 30 MK I- at the top and the first fighter aircraft – Wapiti -- below it. "1932-2007" – is inscribed below the Wapiti Air craft. The words "PLATINUM JUBILEE" in Hindi appear in the upper periphery and inEnglish in the lower periphery. In the center left periphery, the words, "INDIAN AIR FORCE" in English and in the centre right periphery, the words "Bharatiya Bayu Sena" in Hindi, is inscribed. Minted at – Kolkata, Km No - # 350 2009 – BIRTH BI-CENTENARY OF LOUIS BRAILLE, 1809 – 2009, COMMEMORATIVE: Louis Braille was born in 1809, in France. Due to an accident he lost his eye sight at the age of three. He invented the Braille script using 6 dots, in which the position of the different dots represent the different letters of the alphabet and this script enabled thousands of blind people around the world to read and write, India issued this coin in commemoration of bi-centenary of his birth.

This 2 rupees coin was issued on 4.1.2009 in his commemoration for general circulation. Another 100 rupees coin was issued on this occassion, as uncirculated / proof specimen.

Specifications Years of issue – 2009 Rev – The reverse of this coin shows the effigy of LOUIS BRAILLE. Thedots below his figure, in Braille script reads: “L.BRL”, short for Louis Braille. The legend ‘LOUIS BRAILLE’ in both English and Hindi appear in the top half of the periphery. The year ‘1809’ is inscribed to the left side and ‘2009’ to the right side of his effigy. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 368

2010 -- RESERVE BANK OF INDIA PLATINUM JUBILEE COMMEMORATION ISSUE: The RBI ( Reserve Bank of India) was established in India on 1st April, 1935. It regulates the issue of bank notes, keeps reserves with a view to securing monetary stability in India and operates the currency and credit system in the best interests of the country. The Central Office of the Reserve Bank was initially established in Kolkata, but was permanently moved to Mumbai in 1937.

To commemorate the Platinum Jubilee of establishment of RBI in 2010,India issued this 2 rupees coin on 1st April, 2010, for general circulation. Out of the other 4 coins issued on the same occasion, the 1 rupee, 5 rupees and the 10 rupees coins were issued for general circulation and the coin, in the denomination of 75 rupees, was issued as proof / uncirculated specimen.

Specifications Year of issue – 2010 Obv -- Same as the obverse of "Raiways" coin. Rev – The reverse of this coin shows the image of the emblem of Reserve Bank of India, namely Palm Tree and Tiger with inscription "Bharatiya Reserve Bank" in Hindi, on the left periphery and "RESERVE BANK OF INDIA" in English on the right periphery. The words "PLATINUM JUBILEE" in both Hindi and English along with year "1935-2010" is also inscribed below the emblem. Minted at – Kolkata Km No - # 386 2010 – XIX COMMON WEALTH GAMES,2010-DELHI COMMEMORATION : A Multi-sport event called the Commonwealth Games is held in every four years. The “XIX Common Wealth Games” were held at New Delhi from 3rd October, 2010 to 14th October, 2010. India issued this 2 rupees coin on 3rd October, 2010 to commemorate this event. Out of the other 2 coins issued on the same occasion, the 5 rupees coin was issued for general circulation and the 100 rupees coins was issued as uncirculated / proof specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 2010 Obv -- Same as the obverse of "Louis Braille" coin. Rev – The reverse of this coin shows the logo of “Common Wealth Games 2010” at the centre, with the words — ''XIX Commonwealth Games, 2010 - Delhi" in English on the right periphery and “19 Wan Rashtramandal Khel, Delhi 2010” in Hindi on the left upper periphery . Date of the event (3-14 October 2010) is also mentioned below the logo in international numerals and English. Minted at – Kolkata, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Noida Km No - # NA 11.) 5 RUPEES CIRCULATING COMMEMORATIVE COINS OF INDIA 5 RUPEES CIRCULATING COMMEMORATIVE COINS ISSUED IN INDIA

1985 -- INDIRA GANDHI COMMEMORATION: Indira Priyadarsani Gandhi was the Prime minister of India from 1966--77 and 1980--84. She was assassinated on 31st October, 1984. To pay homage to this dynamic leader, India issued this coin on 19th November, 1985. Out of the other 3 coins issued in her commemoration, the 50 Paise coin was issued for general circulation and the 20 rupees and the 100 rupees coins were issued as proof specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 1985 Weight – 12.5 grams Metal composition – Cupro – Nickel alloy ( 75% Copper + 25% Nickel ) Shape – Circular Diameter – 31 mm Edge – Security Obv – The obverse of this coin shows the effigy of Indira Gandhi and legend “INDIRA GANDHI” in both Hindi and English with “1917 -1984” – her year of birth and death. Minted at – Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 150

1989 – JAWAHARLAL NEHRU CENTENARY COMMEMORATION: Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime minister of India from 1947 to 1964. To pay homage to the dynamic leader on the centenary of his birth, a 5 rupee coin was issued on 14th November 1988, to mark the beginning of the centenary year. Another coin issued for general circulation, was in the denomination of 1 rupee. The other coins issued in the denomination of 20 rupees and 100 rupees, were only issued as proof and uncirculated specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 1989 Obv – The obverse of this coin shows the effigy of Pandit Nehru with a “Gandhi Cap” on his head and the legend “JAWAHARLAL NEHRU”, “CENTENARY” and “1989’, the centenary year in English and “Jawaharlal Nehru”, “Janmashati” in Hindi, Minted at – Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 151 ************************************************************************************ NOTE: - The Mumbai issue of this coin has 2 die varieties, which is found by my friend, Mr. Sekhar Kausik of New Delhi. The coin picture posted by him is shown below. I do not have these varieties in my collections. ************************************************************************************

1994 – I.L.O. - 75TH ANNIVERSARY COMMEMORATION ISSUE: The International Labour Organization was established in 1919 with an aim to promote social justice and improve working and living conditions of workers throughout the world. The I.L.O. has its headquarters at Geneva (Switzerland), and has branch offices in different countries of the world. India is one of the founding-member of the I.L.O.

In commemoration of the 75th anniversary of the establishment of the I.L.O. India issued this 5 rupees coin on 27th October,1994. The other coins issued in the denomination of 50 rupees and 100 rupees, were only issued as proof and uncirculated specimens

Specifications Year of issue – 1994 Weight – 9 grams Metal composition – Cupro – Nickel alloy ( 75% Copper + 25% Nickel ) Shape – Circular Diameter – 23 mm Edge – Security Obv – The obverse of this coin shows the initials of I.L.O. encircled by a cog-wheel—signifying industrial activity, all set within two olive twigs. On the top of the central design the inscriptions ‘Shrama Jagat’ in Hindi appear at the left and ‘WORLD OF WORK’ in English at the right. The 75-year span ‘1919 – 1994’ is shown at the bottom of the design. Minted at – Mumbai, Hyderabad, Noida Km No - # 155 1995 -- 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF UNITED NATIONS COMMEMORATION ISSUE: After the 2nd World War was over, seeing the destructions due to this war, the representatives of 50 nations met at Sanfransisco,(USA) to form an international organization, uniting nations to make the world free from war, secure in peace, held together by brotherhood, and dedicated to the social and economic betterment of mankind. Finally the United Nations was established on 24th October, 1945 at Lake Success (Newyork). India had been a member of this august body since its inception.

In commemoration of the 50th Anniversary of the U.N., India issued this 5 rupees coin on 26th June, 1995, for general circulation.

Specifications Year of issue – 1995 Obv – The obverse of this coin shows the globe encircled by two Olive twigs – the emblem of U.N., all inset within the swing of ‘5’ in ‘50’. The year ‘1995’ appears on the top of the U.N. emblem. The inscription ‘50TH ANNIVERSARY OF UNITED NATIONS’ in English appears around the lower half and ‘Samyukta Rashtrasangha Ki 50wi Jayanti’ in Hindi appears around the upper half of the periphery. Minted at – Mumbai, Noida Km No - # 156

1995 – 8TH WORLD TAMIL CONFERENCE (SAINT THIRUVALLUVAR) COMMEMORATION Details are the same as that of the 2 rupees, 8TH WORLD TAMIL CONFERENCE (SAINT THIRUVALLUVAR) COMMEMORATION issue.

Specifications Year of issue – 1995 Obv – The obverse of this coin shows the saint poet THIRUVALLUVAR seated on a low stool in a writing position with the inscription “1995” -- the year of issue, “8TH WORLD TAMIL CONFERENCE” in English, “SAINT THIRUVALLUVAR” in both English and Hindi, “8 Wi Viswa Tamil Sammelan” in Hindi. Minted at –Mumbai, Noida Km No - # 158

1995 -- 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE F.A.O. COMMEMORATION ISSUE: The Food and Agriculture Organization (F.A.O.) is a specialized Agency of United Nations Organization (U.N.O.). It was founded on 16th October, 1945 at Quebec (Canada). The objectives of F.A.O. are to improve agricultural productivity and to better the condition of rural poor, thus raising the level of nutrition and standard of living the world over. India is also one of the founding members of the F.A.O.

Since 1981, every year, the 16th October—the foundation day of the F.A.O. is celebrated by member nations throughout the world, as World Food Day. In observance of the 50th Anniversary of the F.A.O., India brought out this 5 rupees coin for general circulation on 16th October, 1995.

Specifications Year of issue – 1995 Obv – The obverse of this coin shows a hand holding a bundle of wheat and barley, with the F.A.O. crest stamped on the back of the hand. The inscription that appears around the periphery is – ‘Khadya Ebam Krushi Samgathhan’ in Hindi in the top half and ‘FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION’ in English in the bottom half. The 50-year span ‘1945-1995’ is shown below the central design. Minted at – Mumbai, Hyderabad, Noida Km No - # 157

1996 – 2ND INTERNATIONAL CROP SCIENCE CONGRESS COMMEMORATION ISSUE: The International Crop Science Society fosters communication among crop scientists. It nurtures the International Crop Science Congress held every four years at various locations around the world, the first (1992) being held at Ames, Iowa. These Congresses stimulate thinking among scientists as to how advances in crop science, in all their aspects, can assist in meeting the critical diverse global challenges that lie ahead. The second International Crop Science Congress was held at New Delhi (India) from 17th to 24th November,1996.

In commemoration of the 2nd International Crop Science Congress held at New Delhi, India issued this 5 rupees coin in November, 1996.

Specifications Year of issue – 1996 Obv – The obverse of this coin shows the globe with crop all over it, encircled by “two ears of corn” on the bottom and a “double helix structure of DNA inside the gene” on the top. The inscription “Dwitiya Antarashtriya Fashal Vignyan Congress” in Hindi is shown at the left half and “2ND INTERNATIONAL CROP SCIENCE CONGRESS” in English is shown at the right half of the periphery. “1996” – the year of issue is shown at the bottom. Minted at – Kolkata Km No - # 160 ************************************************************************************ NOTE: - This coin is one of the rarest coins issued by the Republic of India. Luckily I got one of these coins from circulation. The mintage of this coin is assumed to be about 11000. ************************************************************************************ 1996 – MOTHER’S HEALTH IS CHILD’S HEALTH (WORLD POPULATION DAY) ISSUE: With a view to focus and reduce the infant mortality rate in the country, the Indian government made many different campaigns. Realizing that a pregnant woman's health and diet has direct bearing on the child's health, this coin was released on the World Population Day (11th July,1996), to raise awareness among general public.

Specifications Year of issue – 1995 Obv – The central design on the obverse of this coin shows a mother with her child inside a family planning triangle. The inscription “MOTHER’S HEALTH IS CHILD’S HEALTH” in English is shown on the bottom half and “Swastha Ma Se Swastha Sisu” in Hindi on the top half of the periphery. “1996”- the year of issue appears below the Hindi inscription. Minted at – Mumbai, Hyderabad, Noida Km No - # 159

All other specifications are same as described above.

2001 - BHAGWAN MAHAVIR : 2600 TH JANM KALYANAK COMMEMORATION : Jainism is an Indian religion. It prescribes a path of non-violence towards all living beings. Bhagwan Mahavir was 24th, and the last Tirthankar("spiritual teacher"). in Jainism. He was born in 599 B. C. at Kshatriyakunda (Bihar) to King Siddhartha and Queen Trishala. Though he was a prince, he left his home at the age of 30 to become an ascetic. He performed a severe penance for twelve and a half years and then in 558 B.C., he attained absolute enlightenment (a state of understanding ultimate truth). After this, he preached his first message for the attainment of selfpurification and selfperfection. The same path shown by him is followed today. In the year 527 B.C. Bhagwan Mahavir attained Nirvana.

On the occasion of 2600th birth anniversary of Bhagwan Mahavir, this 5 rupees coin was issued on the on 25th April, 2002. On this occasion another coin in the denomination of 100 rupees, was issued as proof / uncirculated specimen.

Specifications Year of issue – 2002 Obv – The obverse of this coin shows an eight sided polygon, symbolizing the “Structure of Universe” On the top end of this universe structure, a crescent with a dot inside and 3 dots below, symbolizes the “Siddha Shila”, an abode of infinite Siddhas (meaning one who has achieved perfection ) is shown. Below the “Siddha Shila” the holiest “Swastika” symbol is shown. At the bottom a hand, with a wheel (Dharma Chakra) on the palm, with the word "Ahimsa" (meaning non- violence) in Devnagari is shown. The words “BHAGWAN MAHAVIR : 2600 TH JANM KALYANAK” in English on the right half and in Hindi on the left half of the periphery, are inscribed. The words “Parasparopagraho Jivanam” in Sanskrit (meaning All life is bound together by mutual support and interdependence ) are shown below the central design and “2001” – the year of minting at the bottom. Minted at – Mumbai, Noida Km No - # 304 2003 -- DADABHAI NAOROJI COMMEMORATION : Dadabhai Naoroji (4th September 1825 - 30th June 1917), known as the Grand Old Man of India, was a parsi intellectual, educator, cotton trader and an early Indian political leader. He was a Member of Parliament in the British House of Commons between 1892 and 1895, and the first Asian to be a British M.P. He is credited with the founding of the Indian National Congress along with A.O.Hume. Naoroji was a mentor to both Gopala Krishna Gokhale and Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. He was the paternal uncle of famous industrialist J.R.D. Tata. In commemoration of Dadabhai Naroji, India issued this 5 rupees commemorative coin on 2nd October, 2003, for general circulation.

Specifications Year of issue – 2003 Obv – The obverse of this coin shows the image of “Dadabhai Naoroji”at the centre with the inscription “DADABHAI NAOROJI” both in Hindi and English around the periphery and “1825-1917” – his year of birth and death at the bottom. Minted at – Mumbai, Kolkata, Hyderabad Km No - # 308 Note : This coin does not show its year of its issue.

2004 – K. KAMARAJ COMMEMORATION : Kumarasami Kamaraj, better known as K. Kamaraj (15th July, 1903 – 2nd October, 1975) took active parts in India’s struggle for independence and was thrown into jail several times and spent eight years in prison. He was an Indian politician from Tamil Nadu widely acknowledged as the "Kingmaker" in Indian politics during the 1960s. He was the chief minister of Tamil Nadu during 1954-1963 and a Member of Parliament during 1952-1954 and 1969-1975. He became the president of the Congress party in 1964 and his famous “Kamaraj Plan”, led to resignation of several Chief Ministers of states and senior Congress ministers in Jawaharlal Nehru's cabinet, so that they could devote their energies to revitalize the party. He was known for his simplicity and integrity. He was awarded India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, posthumously in 1976.

In commemoration of K. Kamaraj, India issued this 5 rupees coin on 27th October, 2004, for general circulation. On this occasion another coin in the denomination of 100 rupees, was issued as proof / uncirculated specimen.

Specifications Year of issue – 2004 Obv – The obverse of this coin shows the image of “Kumarasami Kamaraj”, with the inscription “K.KAMARAJ” in Hindi on the top left periphery and in English on the top right periphery. “1903-1975” – his year of birth and his year of death, is shown below his image. Minted at – Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 317

2004 -- LAL BAHADUR SHASTRI BIRTH CENTENARY, 1904 – 2004 COMMEMORATION : Lal Bahadur Srivastava Shastri (2nd October 1904 - 11th January 1966) was a significant figure in the Indian independence movement. He held the portfolios of Minister of Railways, Minister of Communications and later Home Minister in Nehru’s cabinet. After the death of Nehru, he became the second Prime Minister of the Republic of India. Shastri is the one who created the slogan of "Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan" ("Hail the soldier, Hail the farmer"). After Pakistan attacked India on the Kashmir front, Shastri took strong steps and Indian troops occupied upto Lahore(Pakistan), A cease fire was issued as a result of international pressure. Shastri went to Tashkent to hold talks with Ayub Khan and an agreement was soon signed. But in mysterious circumstances Lal Bahadur passed away in Tashkent before returning home. He was known for his honesty and humility throughout his life and was the first person to be posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1966, India's highest civilian honour.

At the conclusion of Lal Bahadur Shastri birth centenary celebrations, India issued this 5 rupees coin on 4th october, 2005, for general circulation. On this occasion another coin in the denomination of 100 rupees, was issued as proof / uncirculated specimen.

Specifications Year of issue – 2004 Metal composition – i) Cupro – Nickel alloy (75% Copper+25% Nickel) ii) Ferritic Stainless Steel alloy (17%Chromium+83%Iron) Weight – Cupro-Nickel -- 9 grams FSS – 6 grams Shape – Circular Diameter – 23 mm Edge – Security Obv – The obverse of this coin shows the portrait of the "Lal Bahadur Shastri" with the inscription"Lalbahdur Shastri Janmasati" in Hindi on the left periphery and " LALBAHADUR SHASTRI BIRTH CENTENARY" in English on the top and right periphery. ‘1904 – 2004’ is shown below the portrait. Minted at – Kolkata, Hyderabad (only FSS) Km No - (CN) - # 336, (FSS) - # 336a

Note : This coin was issued both in Cupro-Nickel and FSS.

2005 -- 75 YEARS OF DANDI MARCH COMMEMORATION ISSUE : The 1882 “Salt Act” gave the British a monopoly on the collection and manufacture of salt, limiting its handling to government salt depots and levying a salt tax. The “Salt Satyagraha” was a campaign of nonviolent protest against the British salt tax in colonial India, and it began with the “Dandi March” on March 12, 1930, and it was an important part of the Indian independence movement which triggered the wider “Civil Disobedience Movement”. This was the most significant organized challenge to British authority since the “Non-cooperation movement” of 1920-22, and directly followed the “Purna Swaraj” (complete independence) declaration of by the Indian National Congress on January 26, 1930.

"Mahatma Gandhi" led the Dandi march from “Sabarmati Ashram” near Ahmedabad, to the sea coast near the village of “Dandi”. As he continued on this 24 day, 240 mile (390 km) march to produce salt without paying the tax, growing numbers of Indians joined him along the way. At the conclusion of the march on April 6, 1930, when Gandhi broke the salt laws in Dandi, it sparked large scale acts of civil disobedience against the British Raj salt laws by millions of Indians. Over 80,000 Indians were jailed as a result of the Salt Satyagraha

In commemoration of the 75th anniversary of the Dandi March, India issued this 5 rupees commemorative coin on 2nd October, 2005, for general circulation. Another coin was issued in the denomination of 100 rupees, as proof / uncirculated specimen.

Specifications Year of issue – 2005 Obv – The obverse of this coin shows the portrait of "Mahatma Gandhi marching with his followers" with inscription "Dandi Yatra Ke 75 Varsha" in Hindi on the left upper periphery and "75 YEARS OF DANDI MARCH" in English on the right upper periphery. ‘1930-2005’ – the span of 75 years, is shown below the central design. Minted at – Mumbai Km No - (CN) - # 325, (FSS) - # 361 Note : This coin was issued both in Cupro-Nickel and FSS.

2006 -- JAGATH GURU SREE NARAYANA GURUDEV COMMEMORATION : JAGATH GURU SREE NARAYANA GURUDEV, (1855 - 1928), was a great Saint, Philosopher, Social Reformer, Spiritual teacher and Poet of Kerala (India) who preached “Oru jati, oru matham, oru daivam manushyanu (meaning -- one caste, one religion, one God for humanity)”, He passed away on 20th September,1928.

In commemoration of the 150th birth anniversary of Jagath Guru Sree Narayana Gurudev, India issued this 5 rupees coin in September, 2006, for general circulation. On this occasion, another coin, in the denomination of 100 rupees, was issued as proof / uncirculated specimen.

Specifications Year of issue – 2004 Obv – The obverse of this coin shows the portrait of "Jagath Guru Sree Narayana Gurudev" flanked on the left upper periphery with the words "JAGATH GURU SREE NARAYANA GURUDEV" in Hindi and on the right upper periphery in English. Minted at – Mumbai, Kolkata Km No - (CN) - # 355, (FSS) - # 355a

Note : This coin was issued both in Cupro-Nickel and FSS. It also does not show the year of its issue.

2006 -- MAHATMA BASAVESHWARA COMMEMORATION : Basaveshwara (also known as Guru Basavanna) was born in 1134 A.D. in the small town of Bagewadi of northern Karnataka. He was Prime Minister to king Bijjala who ruled from 1157 to 1167 over Kalyana. Basava was a philosopher, religious teacher and a social reformer. He fought against the caste system, strove hard to bring about reformation in Hinduism into which social evils had crept in and worked to establish a classless and casteless society. Guru Basavanna's path later gave birth to a new religion called Lingavanta Dharma. He took nirvana at Kudala Sangama, on 30.7.1196 A.D.

In commemoration of Basaveshwara, India issued this 5 rupees coin, on 23rd June, 2006, for general circulation. On this occasion another coin in the denomination of 100 rupees, was issued as proof / uncirculated specimen. .

Specifications Year of issue – 2006 Obv – The obverse of this coin shows the portrait of "MAHATMA BASAVESHWARA", with the inscription "MAHATMA BASAVESHWARA" in Hindi on the left upper periphery and in English on the right upper periphery. The words "Bhakti- Kayaka-Dashoha-Samata" in Hindi, is shown below the portrait. Minted at – Mumbai Km No - (CN) - # 324, (FSS) - NA Note : This coin was issued both in Cupro- Nickel and FSS. It also does not show its year of its issue.

2006 -- GOLDEN JUBILEE CELEBRATION OF ONGC COMMEMORATION ISSUE: Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC) is a state-owned oil and gas company in India. It contributes 77% of India's crude oil production and 81% of India's natural gas production. It is the highest profit making corporation in India. It was set up as a commission on 14th August, 1956. ONGC is Asia's largest and most active company involved in exploration and production of oil. It produces about 30% of India's crude oil requirement. ONGC Videsh is the international arm of ONGC and has made major investments in Vietnam, Sakhalin and Sudan.

In commemoration of Golden Jubilee of O.N.G.C., India issued this 5 rupees coin in 2006, for general circulation. On this occasion another coin in the denomination of 50 rupees, was issued as proof / uncirculated specimen.

Specifications Year of issue – 2006 Obv – The obverse of this coin shows the number"50" in the centre which denotes golden jubilee celebration of "ONGC". The logo of "Oil and Natural Gas Corporation" is shown inside the number “0” of the number"50". On the top of the number "50" is the letters ‘OnGC' and just on the bottom of the number is the year "1956-2006"— the span of 50 years. The central design has some floral design on its left and right side. The words "CELEBRATING INDIA" in English is written on the top periphery and the words "Utshavrat Bharat" in Hindi is written on the bottom periphery, of the coin. Minted at – Kolkata, Hyderabad Km No - (CN) - 354, (FSS) - # NA

All other specifications are same as described above.

Note : This coin was issued both in Cupro-Nickel and FSS. The Cupro-Nickel coin was only issued in UNC and Proof sets and the FSS coin was issued for general circulation.

2006 -- STATE BANK OF INDIA BICENTENNIAL YEAR COMMEMORATION ISSUE: State Bank of India traces its ancestry, to the founding of the Bank of Calcutta, on 2nd June 1806. The Bank of Calcutta, was later renamed as the Bank of Bengal. On 27th January 1921, the three Presidency banks (Bank of Madras, Bank of Calcutta and Bank of Bombay) amalgamated to form the Imperial Bank of India, The Government of India nationalized the Imperial Bank of India on 30th April 1955, and renamed it the State Bank of India. The State Bank Group has over 16,000 branches in India and131 overseas offices spread over 32 countries. . The logo of State Bank of India is a Circle (not a Key hole) and a small man at the centre of the Circle. Circle depicts perfection and the common man being the centre of the bank’s business.

In commemoration of the Bicentennial Year of the State Bank Of India., India issued this 5 rupees coin in 2006, for general circulation. On this occasion another coin in the denomination of 100 rupees, was issued as proof / uncirculated specimen.

Specifications Year of issue – 2006 Obv – The obverse of this coin shows the logo of the "STATE BANK OF INDIA" in the centre flanked on the left side with the year "1806" and on the right side with the year "2006". The left and right upper periphery is flanked by some design works on leaves. The words "Bharatiya State Bank" in Hindi are written on the top of the coin above the logo and the words "STATE BANK OF INDIA" in English is written on the bottom side of the coin below the logo of State Bank of India. Minted at – Kolkata, Hyderabad Km No - (CN) - # 357, (FSS) - # 362

All other specifications are same as described above.

Note : This coin was issued both in Cupro-Nickel and FSS. The Cupro-Nickel coin was only issued in UNC and Proof sets and the FSS coin was issued for general circulation.

2007 - 150 YEARS – THE FIRST WAR OF INDEPENDENCE COMMEMORATION ISSUE: India's First War of Independence, is also known as “The Indian Rebellion of 1857” began on 10 May 1857 in the town of Meerut when a group of native soldiers employed by the British East India Company's army, mutinied.

The general public were dissatisfied due to abolition of sati rites and the legalization of widow remarriage. Lakshmibai, The Rani of Jhansi, and some rulers of other kingdoms had lost their kingdom as a result of the “Doctrine of Lapse” and were very much dissatisfied. The sepoys were supplied with new cartridges, which allegedly were wrapped in paper greased with cow and pig fat and had to be bitten off by mouth. So they also became dissatisfied. These things led to the Rebellion.

Gradually the rebellion spread to other parts of central and northern India. The rebels captured cities like Meerut, Kanpur, Lukhnow, Delhi etc and killed many Europeans. The leaders of this rebellion were Emperor Bahadur Shah II, Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi, General Tatia Tope, Nana Saheb, Kunwar Singh etc. Bahadur Shah proclaimed himself the Emperor of the whole of India.

As there was no co-ordination between the different rebel groups, the army of the company were able to suppress the rebellion. Many mutineers were hanged to death, and some were "blown from cannon”. by the British . Rani Laxmibai bravely fought but died on the battle field. Tatia Tope was caught and executed. Nana Sahib disappeared near the end of the Rebellion and it is not known what happened to him. Bahadur Shah Zafar was captured and exiled to Rangoon where he died in 1862.

The rebellion led to the dissolution of the East India Company in 1858, and its ruling powers over India were transferred to the British Crown.

In commemoration of the 150 Years of The First War Of Independence, India issued this 5 rupees coin on 18th April, 2008, for general circulation. On this occasion another coin in the denomination of 100 rupees, was issued as proof / uncirculated specimen.

Specifications Year of issue – 2007 Obv – The obverse of this coin shows the combined portrait of General Tatia Tope on left side, Emperor Bahadur Shah II on the right side and at the centre the Warrior Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi in the battlefield, flanked on the left periphery with the words "Pratham Swatantrata Samgram" in Hindi and “THE FIRST WAR OF INDEPENDENCE" in English on the right periphery. The words “150 Varsha” in Hindi and "150 YEARS” in English appear just below the central design with the period “1857-2007” written at the bottom. Minted at – Mumbai Km No - (CN) - NA, (FSS) - # 359

All other specifications are same as described above.

Note : This coin was issued both in Cupro-Nickel and FSS.

2007 - 150 th BIRTH ANNIVERSARY OF LOKAMANYA BAL GANGADHAR TILAK COMMEMORATION (Tilakji Coin): In commemoration of the 150th birth anniversary of Lokamanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak, India issued this 5 rupees commemorative coin on 23rd July, 2007, for general circulation. After this coin was released, it was found that "Bal Gangadhar Tilakji" was written on the top, where “ji” is an honorific. Some leaders raised the issue, that “ji” should not have been used with Tilak on the coin, as “ji “ was not used on coins, issued even for Gandhi or Nehru. So, subsequently the minting of these coins was stopped. The coining die was modified and the ji was removed.

************************************************************************************ NOTE: This coin is one of the rarest coins issued by the Republic of India. I have this coin in my collection. The mintage of this coin is assumed to be about 2000 to 4000. ************************************************************************************

2007 -- 150 th BIRTH ANNIVERSARY OF LOKAMANYA BAL GANGADHAR TILAK COMMEMORATION : Bal Gangadhar Tilak was born on 23rd July, 1856 in Ratnagiri, Maharashtra. He was an Indian nationalist, teacher, journalist, social reformer and freedom fighter. He was the first popular leader of the Indian Independence Movement and was conferred with the honorary title of “Lokmanya”, which literally means "Accepted by the people (as their leader)". The British colonial authorities called the great leader as "Father of the Indian unrest". In 1894, he transformed the household worshipping of Ganesha into “Sarvajanik Ganeshotsav” and also made “Shiva Jayanti” (birth anniversary celebrations of Chhatrapati Shivaji) as a social festival.

He was one of the first and strongest advocates of "Swaraj" (self-rule) in India. His famous quote, "Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it!", is well-remembered in India even today. Due to his political writings, he was imprisoned in the Mandalay Prison, Burma from 1908 to 1914. He was also one of the founders of the “All India Home Rule League” which sought self-rule for India. He passed away on 1st August, 1920.

In commemoration of the 150th birth anniversary of Lokamanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak, India issued this 5 rupees commemorative modified coin, for general circulation. On his commemoration , another coin, in the denomination of 100 rupees, was issued as proof / uncirculated specimen.

Specifications Year of issue – 2007 Obv – The obverse of this coin shows the portrait of Lokamanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak, with the inscription ‘150 th BIRTH ANNIVERSARY OF LOKAMANYA BAL GANGADHAR TILAK’ in English on the bottom half of the periphery and ‘Lokamanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak Ki 150 Wi Jayanti’ in Hindi on the top half of the periphery. “2007” – the year of issue is written in very small sized letters at the bottom periphery. Minted at – Mumbai Km No - (CN) - # 328, (FSS) - NA

All other specifications are same as described above.

Note : This coin was issued both in Cupro-Nickel and FSS.

2007 - KHADI AND VILLAGE INDUSTRIES COMMISSION GOLDEN JUBILEE CELEBRATION ISSUE : The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) is a statutory body formed by the Government of India, under the Act of Parliament, 'Khadi and Village Industries Commission Act of 1956'. In April 1957, it took over the work of former All India Khadi and Village Industries Board. The Khadi and Village Industries Commission is a non-profit group that serves to promote the use of Khadi (a type of hand-woven cloth) in India. The group is government-run and serves to promote the use of Khadi and small-scale industries. The group also gives licenses to companies that wish to manufacture the Flag of India. Khadi Bhandar chain stores are managed as per the rules and guidelines by this organisation. These stores serve as outlets for products made by village industry. It is not restricted to sell Khadi only. They also sell matchsticks, incense sticks, decorative items made from wood and earth, honey, leather items etc.

In commemoration of the Golden Jubilee Celebration of Khadi and Village Industries Commission, India issued this 5 rupees commemorative coin on 19th November, 2007, for general circulation. On this occasion, another coin, in the denomination of 50 rupees, was issued as proof / uncirculated specimen.

Specifications Year of issue – 2007 Obv – The obverse of this coin shows the portrait of "Mahatma Gandhi" at the centre and a lady with a charkha and a village scence, flanked on the upper periphery with the words "Khadi Aur Gramodyoga Ayoga" and "50 Varsha" below it in Hindi and on the lower periphery "KHADI AND VILLAGE INDUSTRIES COMMISSION" and "50 YEARS" above it in English. “2007” – the year of issue is written in very small sized letters at the bottom periphery. Minted at – Mumbai Km No - (CN) - NA, (FSS) - NA All other specifications are same as described above. Note : This coin was issued both in Cupro-Nickel and FSS.

2009 -- SAINT ALPHONSA BIRTH CENTENARY COMMEMORATION: Alphonsa Mutthapadathu was born on August 19, 1910 in village Kudamaloor near Kottayam in Kerala. She had a difficult childhood plagued by poverty and illness. She fell into a pit of burning chaff and both here feet got deformed, leaving her handicapped. In 1936, she was miraculously cured by saint Therese of Lisieux. She taught at a school and there are a large number of miracles associated with her, many of which involved curing children having clubbed feet as she herself had been disabled by her feet for many years. In 1939 she had an attack of double-pnuemonia which left her weakened and she died in 1946 after a painful illness. In 1985, Pope John Paul II formally approved a miracle that was attributed to her and she received the title of Venerable Sister Alphonsa. One year later, she was beatified. Pope Benedict XVI authorized her canonization in 2007 and the process was completed after an year, meaning that Alphonsa is now the first woman and only the second saint from India after Saint Gonsalo Garcia.

In commemoration of the start of the Birth Centenary celebrations of Saint Alphonsa, India issued this 5 rupees commemorative coin on 23rd August, 2009, for general circulation.

Specifications Year of issue – 2009 Weight – 6 grams Metal composition – Nickel Brass alloy ( 75% Copper + 20% Zinc + 5% Nickel ) Shape – Circular Diameter – 23 mm Edge – Milled (100 serrations) Obv – The obverse of this coin shows the image of "SAINT ALPHONSA" with a Rose flower on the bottom of her image. The inscription “Santa Alphonsa Janma Satavdi” in Hindi is shown on the left periphery and ‘SAINT ALPHONSA BIRTH CENTENARY’ in English on the right periphery with "1910-2009" – her year of birth and centenary start year below the Rose Flower. Minted at – Mumbai, Hyderabad Km No - # 365

2009 – PERARIGNAR ANNADURAI BIRTH CENTENARY COMMEMORATION : Conjeevaram Natarajan Annadurai, popularly called “Anna" (elder brother), or “Arignar Anna” (Anna the scholar), was born on 15th September, 1909 in Kanchipuram , Tamil Nadu. He was a very good orator, writer, journalist, teacher, actor and politician. He was the founder of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party, (DMK). Various protests against the then ruling Congress government took him to prison on several occasions. His party won a landslide victory in the 1967 state elections and he became the Chief Minister of Madras State. It was Annadurai's government that renamed the Madras State to Tamil Nadu. Another major achievement of his government was to introduce a two language policy over the then popular three language formula. He died of cancer on 3 February 1969

In commemoration of the Birth Centenary celebrations of “Perarignar Annadurai”, India issued this 5 rupees commemorative coin on 15th September, 2009, for general circulation.

Specifications Year of issue – 2009 Obv – The obverse of this coin shows the image of “Perarignar Annadurai” with the inscription "Perarignar Anna Janmashati" in Hindi, on the left periphery and "PERARIGNAR ANNA CENTENARY" in English on the top and right periphery. His signature in Tamil appears below his image and "1909-1969"— his year of birth and death, below the signature. Minted at – Mumbai, Kolkata, Hyderabad Km No - # 367

All other specifications are same as described above.

2009 -- 60 YEARS OF THE COMMONWEALTH COMMEMORATION ISSUE : The “Commonwealth of Nations”, previously known as the “British Commonwealth”, is an intergovernmental organization of fifty-four independent member states. In April 1949, following the “London Declaration”, the word "British" was dropped from the title of the Commonwealth and Queen Elizabeth II became the Head of the Commonwealth. India joined The Commonwealth of Nations in 1950 after it became a Republic.

On the occasion of the 60th Anniversary of the Commonwealth, India issued this 5 rupees commemorative coin on 3rd October, 2009, for general circulation. On this occasion, another coin, in the denomination of 100 rupees, was issued as proof / uncirculated specimen.

Specifications Year of issue – 2009 Obv – The obverse of this coin shows the image of "PARLIAMENT OF INDIA' with the inscription "Rashtramandal Ke 60 Varsh" in Hindi, on the left periphery and "60 YEARS OF THE COMMONWEALTH" in English on the right periphery and Year "2009"— the year of issue, below the image of Parliament of India. Minted at – Mumbai Km No - # NA

All other specifications are same as described above.

2010 -- Dr. RAJENDRA PRASRAD COMMEMORATION : Dr. Rajendra Prasad was born on 3rd December, 1884 in the village Ziradei, then in the Saran district of Bihar. After his study Rajendra Prasad served in various educational institutions as a teacher. Later he practiced law. Afterwards, he left his law work and joined the Congress Party, playing a prominent role in the Indian Independence Movement. He was the President of Indian National Congress for two terms. He also served as the president of the Constituent Assembly that drafted the first constitution of the Republic, After India became an independent republic in 1950, he was elected as the first President of India and held this office from 1950 to 1962. He was awarded Bharat Ratna, the nation's highest civilian award in 1962. He passed away on 28th February, 1963

On the occasion of the 125th year of birth of Dr. Rajendra Prasad, India issued this 5 rupees commemorative coin on 28th February, 2010, his 47th death anniversary, for general circulation. On this occasion, another coin, in the denomination of 100 rupees, was issued as proof / uncirculated specimen.

Specifications Year of issue – 2010 Obv – The obverse of this coin shows the image of Dr Rajendra Prasad, with the inscription “DR RAJENDRA PRASAD 125 BIRTH ANNIVERSARY” in English on the right half and “DR RAJENDRA PRASAD 125 Wi Jayanthi” in Hindi on the left half of the periphery. “1884-2009”- his year of birth and the year of 125 birth anniversary is shown below his image. Minted at – Kolkata Km No - # NA

All other specifications are same as described above.

2010 -- RESERVE BANK OF INDIA PLATINUM JUBILEE COMMEMORATION ISSUE: Details are the same as that of the 2 rupees RESERVE BANK OF INDIA PLATINUM JUBILEE COMMEMORATION issue.

Specifications Year of issue – 2010 Obv – The same as that of the 2 rupees RESERVE BANK OF INDIA PLATINUM JUBILEE coin. Minted at – NA Km No - # NA

All other specifications are same as described above.

Note: For the first time in India, an odd denomination commemorative coin (Rs.75) was issued.

2010 – RABINDRANATH TAGORE 150 BIRTH ANNIVERSARY COMMEMORATION : Rabindranath Tagore was born in Kolkata on 7th May, 1861. He was a poet, dramatist, composer, artist and philosopher. In 1913, he was awarded the prestigious Nobel Prize in literature, for his works the “Gitanjali”. India’s national anthem, “Janagana mana ….” was written by him. He founded the famous “Visva-Bharati” University. He passed away on 9th August, 1941.

On the occasion of the 150th birth anniversary of Rabindranath Tagore, India issued this 5 rupees commemorative coin on 9th May, 2010, for general circulation. On this occasion, another coin, in the denomination of 150 rupees, was issued as proof / uncirculated specimen.

Specifications Year of issue – 2010 Obv – The obverse of this coin shows the image of “Rabindranath Tagore” with the inscription “Rabindranath Tagore 150 Wi Jayanthi” in Hindi on the left half and “RABINDRANATH TAGORE 150 BIRTH ANNIVERSARY” in English on the right half of the periphery. “1861-2011”— his year of birth and the end of the 150th Anniversary celebration year is shown below his image. Minted at – Kolkata Km No - # NA Note: For the first time the highest denomination commemorative coin (Rs.150) was issued in India.

2010 -- MOTHER TERESA BIRTH CENTENARY COMMEMORATION: Mother Teresa (Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu), was born on 26th August, 1910 In Yugoslovia. She was a Catholic nun who came to India in 1929. In 1950, she founded the “Missionaries of Charity”, a philanthropic organization, based in Calcutta, India. For over 45 years she cared for the poor, sick, orphaned, and dying. For her humanitarian work she had received many awards like “Padma Shri” in 1962, “Jawaharlal Nehru Award” in 1969, “Bharat Ratna” in 1980, “Ramon Magsaysay Award”, the “Nobel Peace Prize”, in 1979. She died on 5th September, 1997. At the time of her death, Mother Teresa's “Missionaries of Charity” had over 4,000 sisters, and an associated brotherhood of 300 members, operating 610 missions in 123 countries of the world. Following her death she was “beatified” by “Pope John Paul II” and given the title “Blessed Teresa of Calcutta”.

In commemoration of the Birth Centenary celebrations of Mother Teresa, India issued this 5 rupees coin on 28th August, 2010, for general circulation. On this occasion, another coin, in the denomination of 100 rupees, was issued as proof / uncirculated specimen.

Specifications Year of issue – 2010 Obv – The obverse of this coin shows the image of ‘Mother Teresa’ in the centre, with the inscription “MOTHER TERESA” both in Hindi and English, on the top half periphery and ‘Janmashati’ in Hindi and ‘BIRTH CENTENARY’ in English on the bottom half periphery. “1910 - 2010” – her year of birth and the centenary year is shown below her image. Minted at – NA Km No - # NA

All other specifications are same as described above.

2010: CHIDAMBARAM SUBRAMANIAM BIRTH CENTENARY COMMEMORATION: Chidambaram Subramaniam is best known as the father of Green Revolution, after the success of his programme, which led to a record production of wheat in 1972. He was the man who ushered in an era of self-sufficiency in food production in India. He was also a freedom fighter, former state minister, former Union finance minister and governor of state. He was conferred the India’s highest civilian award, “Bharat Ratna” in 1998.

In commemoration of his birth centenary celebrations, India issued this 5 rupees coin on 28th August, 2010,for general circulation. Another coin issued in his honour, in the denomination of 100 rupees, was only issued as proof and uncirculated specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 2010 Obv – The obverse of this coin shows the image of ‘Chidambaram Subramaniam’ with the inscription ‘C. Subramaniam Janma Satabdi’ in Hindi on the left periphery and “C.SUBRAMANIAM BIRTH CENTENARY” in English on the right periphery. “1910 - 2010” – his year of birth and the centenary year, is shown below his image. Minted at – NA Km No - # NA 2010 – 1000 YEARS OF BRIHADEESWARAR TEMPLE COMMEMORATION ISSUE : The Brihadeeswarar Temple, , a marvel of South Indian temple architecture, was built in 1010 AD by Tamil King Raja Raja Chola in Thanjavur(Tamilnadu), It is 216 ft (66 m) high, so popularly known as the ‘Big Temple’. It has turned 1000 years in 2010

On the occasion of the celebration of the 1000 years of completion of BRIHADEESWARAR TEMPLE, India issued this 5 rupees commemorative coin on 26th September, 2010, for general circulation. I have heard (not confirmed) that on this occasion, another coin, in the denomination of 1000 rupees, was issued as proof / uncirculated specimen.

Specifications Year of issue – 2010 Obv – The obverse of this coin shows the image of the temple in the background and an image of Raja Raja Chola I (who built the temple) in the fore ground, with the inscription ‘Brihadeeswarar Mandir Ke 1000 Varsha’ in Hindi, on the left periphery and ‘1000 YEARS OF BRIHADEESWARAR TEMPLE’ in English on the right periphery. The word ‘THANJAVUR’ in both English and Hindi is shown below the central image and ‘2010’ – the year of issue, below it. Minted at – NA Km No - # NA

2010 – XIX COMMON WEALTH GAMES,2010-DELHI COMMEMORATION : A Multi-sport event called the Commonwealth Games is held every four years. The “XIX Common Wealth Games” were held at New Delhi from 3rd October, 2010 to 14th October, 2010. India issued this 5 rupees coin on 3rd October, 2010 to commemorate this event. Out of the other 2 coins issued on the same occasion, the 2 rupees coin was issued for general circulation and the 100 rupees coins was issued as uncirculated / proof specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 2010 Obv – The obverse of this coin shows the logo of “Common Wealth Games 2010” at the centre, with the words — ''XIX Commonwealth Games, 2010 - Delhi" in English on the right periphery and “19 Wan Rashtramandal Khel, Delhi 2010” in Hindi on the left upper periphery . Date of the event (3-14 October 2010) is also mentioned below the logo in international numerals and English. Minted at – Kolkata Km No - # NA

2010 -- "INCOME TAX-150 YEARS OF BUILDING INDIA" COMMEMORATION: The Income Tax Department was established in India in the year 1860. Income tax was first levied as a duty in the year 1860 and the authority to levy that duty came into force on July 24 of that year. Chanakya was a teacher to the First Mourya Emperor Chandragupta. In one of his famous quotes he told: "Ideally Governments Should Collect Taxes Like A Honey Bees Which Sucks Just The Right Amount Of Honey From The Flower So That Both Can Survive" This 5 rupees coin was issued in commemoration of completion of 150 years of Income Tax. The other coin issued in the denomination of 150 rupees is only issued as proof and uncirculated specimens. Specifications Year of issue – 2010 Obv – The obverse of this coin shows the portrait of "CHANAKYA AND LOTUS WITH HONEYBEE" in the centre, and just below the portrait of Chanakya the word "Chanakya" in Hindi, and the word "CHANAKYA" in English, flanked on the left periphery with the words letter and numbers “Ayakar - Bharat Nirman ke 150 Barsh ” in Hindi, on the right periphery flanked with the words and numbers "INCOME TAX-150 YEARS OFBUILDING INDIA" in English. Also in the lower periphery the year "1860-2010" written in international numeral. Minted at – Kolkata, Km No - # NA 2011 -- "100 YEARS OF CIVIL AVIATION " COMMEMORATION: On 18 February, 1911 the first commercial civil aviation flight took place in India between Allahabad and Naini, a distance of 6 miles when Henri Piquet carried 6500 mails on a Humber biplane. This is considered to be the world’s first airmail service and the beginning of civil aviation in India. To commemorate 100 years of civil aviation, India has issued a 5 rupees coin on 17th October, 2011. The other coin issued in the denomination of 100 rupees is only issued as proof / uncirculated specimens.

Specifications Year of issue – 2011 Rev – The face of the coin shows the picture of an Aircraft and figure "100" with words "YEARS" in the Centre flanked by words "Bharatiya Nagara Bimanan Satabdi Barsh" in Hindi, on the upper periphery and "CIVIL AVIATION" followed by "INDIA" below the figure "100". The year "1911-2011" is shown at the bottom, in International Numerals. Minted at – NA Km No - # NA

2011 – “INDIAN COUNCIL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTENARY” COMMEMRATION:

The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), is the top body in India for the formulation, coordination and promotion of biomedical research. In 1911, the Government of India set up the Indian Research Fund Association (IRFA) with the specific objective of sponsoring medical research in the country. It was renamed as the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in 1949.

Here research on control and management of communicable diseases, major non-communicable diseases (like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, blindness, diabetes and other metabolic disorders) and drug research are being done.

This 5 rupees coin was issued on 15th November, 2011 in commemoration of completion of 100 years of ICMR. The other coin issued in the denomination of 100 rupees is only issued as proof and uncirculated specimens.

2011 – 150th ANNIVERSARY OF CAG (COMPTROLLER & AUDITOR GENERAL OF INDIA) COMMEMORATION: CAG is the Apex body and supreme Audit institution of India, which audits the accounts of GOI and its affiliated organizations. It brought many famous scams and corruptions (Common wealth games, 2G spectrum etc.) to lime light. On the event of 150 Anniversary of CAG, India has issued a 5 rupees commemorative coin on 16th Nov 11. The other coin issued in the denomination of 150 rupees is only issued as proof / uncirculated specimens.

2007 – SAHEED BHAGAT SINGH BIRTH CENTENARY, 1907 – 2007 COMMEMORATION : Saheed Bhagat singh was born on 21st September 1907 in a sikh family. Seeking revenge for the death of Lala Lajpat Rai at the hands of the police, Singh was involved in the assassination of British police officer John Saunders. He eluded efforts by the police to capture him. Together with Batukeshwar Dutt, he undertook a successful effort to throw two bombs and leaflets inside the Central Legislative Assembly while shouting slogans of Inquilab Zindabad. Subsequently they volunteered to surrender and be arrested. He was convicted and subsequently hanged to death on 23rd March 1931 for his participation in the murder.

To honour the sacrifices of this martyr, Government of India issued a commemorative coin of Rs 5, Another coin of Rs 100 denomination was also issued.

Pics couldn’t be copied Specifications Year of issue – 2007 Metal composition – Ferritic Stainless Steel alloy (17%Chromium+83%Iron) Weight – 6 grams Shape – Circular Diameter – 23 mm Edge – Security Obv – This face of the coin is divided into three portions with two horizontal lines. The left center portion shall bear the Lion Capitol of Ashoka Pillar with the legend “ Satyameva jayate " inscribed below it and the right center portion shall bear the denominational value "5" in International Numerals. In the upper portion there shall bear the words "Bharat " in Hindi and "INDIA" in English and in the lower portion, the words '' Rupaye '' in Hindi and "RUPEES" in English. Rev -- This face of the coin bears the portrait of "SHAHEED BHAGAT SINGH", flanked on the left periphery with the words '' SHAHEED BHAGAT SINGH JANMA SATI'' in Hindi and on the right periphery with the words"SHAHEED BHAGAT SINGH BIRTH CENTENERY" in English. The figures 1907-2007 shall be shown below the portrait in International Numerals. Minted at – Hyderabad Km No - NA

Note: i) Though these 2 coins (5 rs and 100 rs) were produced by the India Government Mint (IGM), Kolkata only for the release function held at the martyr’s native village Khatkar Kalan in Bhagat Singh Nagar district in Punjab in September, 2008, no coin was released for general circulation. In 2012 the 5 rs coin was issued for general circulation. ii) It is reported by some collectors that some of this 5 rs coin, was wrongly minted on Nickel-Brass blank. Please see the “Mint error coins of India” page to the photo of this OMS coin.

>> 10 RUPEES CIRCULATING COMMEMORATIVE COINS OF INDIA

10 RUPEES CIRCULATING COMMEMORATIVE COINS OF INDIA

1969 – MAHATMA GANDHI CENTENARY COMMEMORATION: On the occasion of birth centenary of M.K. Gandhi ( Mahatma Gandhi), the father of the nation, India issued this 10 rupees commemorative coin on 3rd October 1969. The other coins issued for general circulation in his memory, are in the denomination of 20 paisa, 50 paisa and 1 rupee.

Specifications Year of issue – 1969 Weight – 15 gms Metal composition – Silver Alloy ( Silver-80%+Cupper-20%) Shape – Circular Diameter – 34 mm Edge – Milled Obv -- The obverse of this coin shows the Ashokan lion and the value '10' in International numerals on the center . In English "INDIA" and "RUPEES" appear on the right periphery and in Hindi "Bharat" and "Rupaye" appear on the left . Rev – The reverse of this coin shows the effigy of Gandhiji and legend “MAHATMA GANDHI” in both English and Hindi and “1869 -1948”— his years of birth and death. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai Km No - # 185

1970 -- FAO 25TH ANNIVERSARY COMMEMORATIVE (Lotus and Sun): On the occasion of the 25th Anniversary of the Food and Agriculture Organizatiom of the United Nations in 1970, India participated in the celebration by issuing this 10 rupees coin on 16th October, 1970. Another 20 Paise coin was issued for general circulation, on the same occasion.

Specifications Year of issue – 1970 Rev – The reverse of this coin shows a lotus in full bloom with water lines in the fore ground. It also shows a rising sun in the back ground and two ears of corns on either side. ‘1970’ – the year of issue appears just below the lotus. The legend ‘FOOD FOR ALL’ in English and ‘Sabke Liye Anna’; in Hindi, is inscribed in the bottom periphery. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai Km No - # 186

1972 -- 25TH ANNIVERSARY OF INDEPENDENCE COMMEMORATIVE: India got its independence from the British rule on 15th August,1947. On the occasion of 25th Anniversary of Independence, India issued this 10 rupees commemorative coin on 16th August 1972. On this occasion another coin in the denomination of 50 Paise, was also issued for general circulation.

Specifications Year of issue – 1972 Weight – 22.5 gms Metal composition – Quaternary Alloy ( Silver- 50% + Cupper – 40% +Zinc – 5& + Nickel – 5%) Shape – Circular Diameter – 39 mm Edge – Milled Rev – The reverse of this coin shows a young man and a woman carrying the National flag in the fore ground with the Parliament House in the back ground. The legend “25 Wi Swatantrya Jayanti” in Hindi and “1947-- 1972” – the 25 years of Independence, in English is shown on the periphery. Minted at – Kolkata, Mumbai Km No - # 187

******************************************************************************************* NOTE: The Mumbai mint first issued this coin in Quaternary alloy. But due to rise in the price of Silver, the later issues from the Mumbai mint and issues from the Kolkata mint were in Cupro – Nickel alloy ( Cupper – 75% + Nickel – 25%).

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2008- HOMI BHABHA BIRTH CENTENARY YEAR COMMEMORATION: Homi Jehangir Bhabha, FRS (30 October 1909 – 24 January 1966) was an Indian nuclear physicist who played a major role in the development of the Indian atomic energy program and is considered to be the father of India's nuclear program. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society on 20 March 1941. In 1945, he founded and directed two major scientific institutions - the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) and the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC)of India. In the 1950s, Bhabha represented India in International Atomic Energy Forums, and served as President of the United Nations Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva, Switzerland in 1955. He was awarded Padma Bhushan by Government of India in 1954. He later served as the member of the Indian Cabinet's Scientific Advisory Committee and set up the Indian National Committee for Space Research with Vikram Sarabhai. On January 24, 1966, Bhabha died in a plane crash near Mont Blanc, while heading to Vienna, Austria to attend a meeting of the International Atomic Energy Agency's Scientific Advisory Committee. After his death, the Atomic Energy Establishment in Trombay was renamed as the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre in his honour.

On the occasion of Birth Centenary Year of Homi Bhabha, India issued this 10 rupees commemorative coin on 29th September, 2009. On this occasion another coin in the denomination of 100 rupees, was also issued as proof / UNC.

Specifications Year of issue – 2009 Weight – 7.71 gms Metal composition – Bi-Metallic – - Outer Ring (Aluminium Bronze) (Copper – 92% , Zinc - 6%, Nickel - 2%) - Centre Piece (Cupro Nickel) (Copper - 75% , Nickel - 25%) Shape – Circular Diameter – 27 mm Edge – Plain Obv -- The legend "Satyameva Jayate" appears below the Lion capital. Rev – The reverse of this coin shows the image of "HOMI BHABHA" with inscription "Homi Bhabha Janma Satabdi Barsh " in Hindi, on the left periphery and in English "HOMI BHABHA BIRTH CENTENARY YEAR" on the right periphery and the Years "2008-2009" below portrait of Homi Bhabha at the bottom. Minted at –Mumbai, Noida Km No - # 372

****************************************************************************************** Note: Though Bhabha was born on 30th October,1909 and his centenary year is 2009, the years on the coin reads 2008- 2009 !! ******************************************************************************************

2010 -- RESERVE BANK OF INDIA PLATINUM JUBILEE COMMEMORATION ISSUE: Details are the same as that of the 2 rupees RESERVE BANK OF INDIA PLATINUM JUBILEE COMMEMORATION issue.

Specifications Year of issue – 2010 Rev – Same as that of the 2 rupees RESERVE BANK OF INDIA PLATINUM JUBILEE coin. Minted at – Noida Km No - # 388

2012 - 60 YEARS OF THE PARLIAMENT OF INDIA (1952 - 2012 ) COMMEMORATION: On the event of 60th Anniversary of functioning of Indian Parliament, India has issued a 10 rupees commemorative coin on 13th May 12. The other coin issued in the denomination of 5 rupees is also issued on this occassion.

Specifications Year of issue – 2012 Rev – The face of the coin bears the image of the Parliament House in the Centre, with inscription "Bharat ki Sansad ke 60 Varsh" in Devnagri script on the upper periphery and "60 years of the Parliament of India" in English on the lower periphery. The year "1952-2012" is inscribed above the image of the Parliament House. Minted at – Mumbai, Noida Km No - # NA

All other specifications are same as described above.

14.) THE MULE COINS OF REPUBLIC INDIA WHAT ARE MULE COINS AND HOW THESE ARE PRODUCED:

The coins, which have the obverse die of one coin and reverse die of another, are known as Mule Coins. Mules are produced when two or more different (face) coins of same denomination are being produced almost concurrently by a mint. By mistake / negligence of the mint staff, one of the dies; which was intended for some other issue, is wrongly mated on a coin punching press. Mules are sometimes accidentally produced at the time of re-striking coins of earlier periods. Unless the obverse and reverse dies are correctly paired at the time of re- strike, the coins struck may have the wrong obverse or reverse.

i) 1978 Food & Shelter for All - 5 Paisa: Mule Issue Of Mumbai Mint: FOOD & SHELTER FOR ALL 5 paisa - normal issue:

This development oriented coin on the theme “FOOD & SHELTER FOR ALL” was issued in India for general circulation on 16th August, 1978. On the obverse of this normal 5 P coin, the Lion Capital is smaller in size and the lettering ‘INDIA’ in English and ‘Bharat’ in Hindi are in circular line of alignment with the top of the Lion Capital.

FOOD & SHELTER FOR ALL - NORMAL ISSUE

The Happy Child Nation’s Pride 5 paisa - normal issue:

UNO proclaimed the year 1979 as the “INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE CHILD”. The slogan adopted by India for the “INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE CHILD” is “HAPPY CHILD - NATION'S PRIDE”. To commemorate this occasion India issued this coin for general circulation on 5th March, 1979.

On the obverse of this normal 5 P coin, the Lion Capital is bigger in size and and the top of the Lion Capital is raised above the circular line of alignment of lettering ‘INDIA’ in English and ‘Bharat’ in Hindi.

HAPPY CHILD - NATION'S PRIDE - NORMAL ISSUE

Food & shelter for all 5 paisa - mule issue :

In this mule coin, the obverse die of “HAPPY CHILD - NATION'S PRIDE” 5 Paisa coin was wrongly paired with the reverse die of “FOOD & SHELTER FOR ALL” 5 Paisa coin.

FOOD & SHELTER FOR ALL - MULE ISSUE

Base Coin (A) Piggyback Coin (B) Mule Produced

KM # 21; 1978 5P Food & KM# 22; 1979 5P Happy Not mentioned in Krause; Reverse Shelter for All Child Nation’s Pride of A + Obverse of B

1) 1979 Happy Child Nation's Pride - 10 Paisa: Mule Issue Of Mumbai Mint:

The Happy Child Nation’s Pride 10 Paise - normal issue:

The year 1979 was proclaimed by UNESCO as the “INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE CHILD”. To commemorate this occasion India issued in denomination 5P, 10P, 10Rs and 50Rs on 5th March, 1979, on the theme “HAPPY CHILD - NATION'S PRIDE”. On the normal 10P coin, the lettering ‘INDIA’ on the obverse is smaller and the top of the Lion Capital is raised above the circular line of alignment.

10 Paise , Happy Child - Normal coin

Food & shelter for all 10 Paise - normal issue : Similarly, a development oriented series (in denomination 5P, 10P, 10Rs and 50Rs) on the theme “FOOD & SHELTER FOR ALL” was issued in India on 16th August, 1978. On 10P coin, the lettering ‘INDIA’ on the obverse is larger and is in circular line of alignment with the top of the Lion Capital.

10 Paise , Food & Shelter - Normal coin

The Happy Child Nation’s Pride 10 Paise - mule issue: In this mule coin the obverse die of “FOOD & SHELTER FOR ALL” 10 Paise coin was wrongly paired with the reverse die of “HAPPY CHILD - NATION'S PRIDE” 10 Paise coin.

10 Paise , Happy Child - mule coin

Base Coin (A) Piggyback Coin (B) Mule Produced

KM # 33; 1979 10P Happy Child Nation’s KM# 32; 1978 10P Food & KM# 34; Reverse of A + Pride Shelter for All Obverse of B

2) 1984 INDIRA GANDHI - 50 Paisa Mule And FISHERIES 50 Paisa Mule Issues Of Kolkata Mint:

The Indira Gandhi 50 Paise - normal issue:

To pay homage to late Prime Minister Mrs Indira Gandhi, India issued commemorative coins of 50P, 5Rs, 20Rs and 100Rs on birthday on 19th November, 1985. On the normal Indira Gandhi, 50P coins, a dotted circle is present on both the obverse and reverse sides.

50 Paise , Indira - Normal coin

The Fisheries 50 Paisa - normal issue:

To highlight the need to increase catches of fish to supplement the diets of millions of people in the country, coins of 50P, 20Rs and 100Rs were issued on 16th October, 1986 – the 6th World Food Day. On the normal Fisheries, 50P coins, no dotted circle is present on either sides of the coin.

50 Paise , Fisheries - Normal coin a) 1984 Indira Gandhi 50 Paisa - mule issue:

In this mule coin the obverse side does not show a dotted circle, which is found on the obverse of the normal coin.

50 Paise , Indira - Mule coin

Base Coin (A) Piggyback Coin (B) Mule Produced

KM # 67.1; 1985 150P Indira Gandhi KM# 68.1; 1986 50P Fisheries KM# 67.2; Reverse of A + Obverse of B

b) 1986 FISHERIES - 50 Paisa: Mule issue:

In this mule coin the obverse side shows a dotted circle, which is not found on the obverse of the normal coin.. Please see the photo of the normal Fisheries coin posted above.

50 Paise , Fisheries - Mule coin

Base Coin (A) Piggyback Coin (B) Mule Produced

KM# 68.1; 1986 50P KM # 67.1; 1985 150P Indira KM# 68.2; Reverse of Fisheries Gandhi A + Obverse of B

How these mules were produced:

By mistake, on some day in the year 1986, when both Indira Gandhi, 50 p coin and the Fisheries, 50p coin were simultaneously being minted at Kolkata mint, the obverse die of Indira Gandhi, 50 p coin, was interchanged with the obverse die of Fisheries, 50p coin, and this resulted these two mule coins.

3) Dr. B.R. AMBEDKAR - 1 Re : MULE ISSUE OF Mumbai Mint Dr. B.R. AMBEDKAR - 1 Re - Normal Issue In commemoration of the birth centenary of Dr. B.R. AMBEDKAR, India issued a 1 Re coin in 1990. We find a dotted circle along the periphery of both obverse and reverse sides of this coin.

ICDS -1990 - Normal issue This coin was issued in 1990, in commemoration of 15 years of establishment of this organisation. Both the obverse and reverse sides of this coin shows no dotted circle along its periphery.

Dr. B.R. AMBEDKAR - 1 Re - Mule Issue This mule coin was issued by Mumbai mint. In place of its normal obverse having the dotted circle, the obverse of ICDS commemorative was used, which shows no dotted circle.

Piggyback Coin (B) Mule Produced Base Coin (A)

KM# 86; 1990 1Re KM # 85 1990 1Re Reverse of A + Obverse of Dr. B.R. AMBEDKAR ICDS B.

Acknowledgement: Personally I do not have this mule coin in my collection. The photo of the mule coin shown in this post was collected by my friend, Mr. Ashish Parui. He has been kind enough to send me the photo of this mule coin to be posted in this blog. Many many thanks for his kindness.

4) 1995 - 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF UNITED NATIONS COMMEMORATION - MULE ISSUE OF MUMBAI MINT:

UN - 50th Anniversary Commemoration 5 rupees - normal issue: United Nations was established on 24th October, 1945 at Lake Success (New York). India has been a member of this august body since its inception. In commemoration of the 50th Anniversary of the establishment of UN, India issued this 5 rupees coin on 26th June, 1995, for general circulation. The lion on its obverse, is a slim lion.

5 Rupees - United Nations - Normal coin I.L.O. - 75th Anniversary Commemoration 5 rupees - normal issue:

The International Labour Organization ILO) was established in 1919 with its headquarters at Geneva(Switzerland). India is one of the founding-member of the I.L.O. In commemoration of the 75th anniversary of the establishment of the I.L.O. India issued a 5 rupees coin on 27th October,1994. The lion on the obv of this coin was also a slim lion.

ILO Slim lion on Obv - Normal Variety

I.L.O. - 75th Anniversary Commemoration 5 rupees - normal Die variety issue: But recently, I came to know that this ILO 5 rupees coin, also has a die variety on its obverse side. On this die variety, the lion on the obverse, is a fat lion.

ILO Fat lion on Obv - Die Variety

The 50th Anniversary of UN 5 rupees: - mule issue:

In this mule coin the obverse die of “ILO” 5 Rupees die variety coin was wrongly paired with the reverse die of “UN” 5 rupees coin, hence a Mule.

UN Fat lion on Obv - MULE

Base Coin (A) Piggyback Coin (B) Mule Produced

KM # 156; 1995 5 Rs UN KM# 155; 1994 5 Rs ILO 75th Reverse of A + Obverse of B 50th Anniversary Anniversary

Note: As I was ignorant about the Fat lion issue of ILO 5 rs coin, I thought this fat lion issue of UN 5 rs coin to be a die variety in UN issue. But when I came to know the existence of Fat lion issue of ILO 5 rs coin, I thought that the fat lion issue of UN 5 Rs, must be a mule one.

5) 2004 DADABHAI NAOROJI - 5 Rs: Mule issue of Kolkata mint: The Dada Bhai Naoroji 5 rupees (CN) - normal issue:

In commemoration of Dadabhai Naroji, India issued this 5 rupees commemorative coin on 2nd October, 2003. It was issued from Mumbai, Kolkata, Hyderabad mints. The obverse side of this coin has a tooth/flower design along its periphery.

5 Rupees , Dada Bhai - Normal coin

The Dada Bhai Naoroji 5 rupees (CN) - mule issue:

This mule coin was issued from Kolkata mint. Its observe side does not have any tooth/flower design along its periphery. The diameter of the coin field (distance between rims on the opposite side) is 21 mms. The value of this coin, shown by a stylized international numeral ‘5’ below the lion capital, has a shorter gap in the bottom swing of the ‘5’.

5 Rupees , Dada Bhai - Mule coin

How this mule coin might have been produced (A hypothesis):

As this mule coin was minted from Kolkata mint, by wrongly using the obverse die of a 5 rupees commemorative coin; that commemorative coin must have the following specialties:

 It must have been issued from Kolkata mint  Its obverse should have no tooth/flower design along the periphery  Its coin field should have been 21 mms.  The value of this coin, shown by a stylized international numeral ‘5’ below the lion capital, should have a shorter gap in the bottom swing of the ‘5’.  Its obverse design should be exactly same to the obverse design of the Dadabhai mule coin  It should have been issued in a year, adjacent to 2003, the issue year of Dadabhai coin. The Lalbahadur Shastri commemorative coin - 2004 qualifies in all the above points.

The normal Lalbahadur Shastri, 5 rupees (CN) issue:

At the conclusion of Lal Bahadur Shastri birth centenary celebrations, India issued this 5 rupees coin on 4th october, 2005. So I think that, by mistake, on some day in the year 2004 , when both the 5 rupees Dadabhai and Shastri coins were being minted at Kolkata mint, the obverse die of 5 rupees Shastri (CN) coin, was wrongly used in place of the normal obverse die of 5 rupees Dadabhai coin, and this resulted this Dadabhai, 5 rupees mule coin.

5 Rupees CN, Shastri - Normal coin

Base Coin (A) Piggyback Coin (B) Mule Produced

KM# 308; 2003 5Rs KM # 336 2004 5Rs Lal Reverse of A + Obverse of Dadabhai Naroji Bahadur Shastri B. Not listed in Krause.

6) 2005 DANDI MARCH, 5 Rs (FSS) – mule issue of Mumbai mint:

The Dandi March, 5 rupees (FSS) - normal issue:

In commemoration of the 75th anniversary of the Dandi March, India issued coins of Rs 5 & Rs 100 on 2nd October, 2005. It was issued from Mumbai mint only. In the normal FSS, 5 Rs coin, the diameter of the coin field (distance between rims on the opposite side) is 22 mms. The value of this coin, shown by a stylized international numeral ‘5’ below the lion capital, has a longer gap in the bottom swing of the numeral ‘5’. The gap between the bottom of lion pedestal and Hindi word ‘Satyamev Jayte’ appears to be more.

5 Rupees FSS, Dandi March - Normal coin

The Dandi March, 5 rupees (FSS) - mule issue:

In this mule coin, the diameter of the coin field is 21 mms. The value of this coin, shown by a stylized international numeral ‘5’ below the lion capital, has a shorter gap in the bottom swing of the ‘5’. Tail of 5 is thick. The gap between the bottom of lion pedestal and Hindi word ‘Satyamev Jayte’ appears to be less.

5 Rupees FSS, Dandi March - Mule coin

How these mules might have been produced ( A hypothesis):

2002 Mahavir (Mumbai) and 2004 LalBahadur Shastri (Kolkata) were issued in the same period with a coin field of 21 mms and their designs are same as Dandi march mule. Possibility of Shastri is being ruled out since it was not produced by Mumbai Mint. Some earlier 5Rs coins of 1994-96 like ILO, FAO, Tamil Conference, UN, Crop Science Congress and Mothers Health is Child’s Health also matched the criteria but these were ignored since dies may have deteriorated in a decade. From above, it is clear that Mahavir Obverse was used to make Dandi Mule. However readers are encouraged to suggest alternate theory.

The normal Bhagwan Mahavir, 5 rupees (CN) issue:

On the occasion of 2600th birth anniversary of Bhagwan Mahavir, this 5 rupees coin was issued on the on 25th April, 2002.

5 Rupees , Mahaveer - Normal coin

Base Coin (A) Piggyback Coin (B) Mule Produced

KM# 325; 2005 5Rs 75 Years of KM # 304 2001 5Rs 2600 Reverse of A + Obverse of Dandi March (FSS) Anniversary of Bhagwan Mahavir B. Not listed in Krause.

Important Note regarding Dandi March Mules: In the UNC sets, Proof Sets and some circulation coins, the Dandi March 5 Rs coin was in Cupro- Nickel. Most of the circulated coins were issued in FSS. In the Cu-Ni coins, the obverse side also have tooth/flower design in the periphery; which is absent in FSS coins. For our discussion, we are not taking it under Mule as the metal is different. 7) 2005 BASAVESWAR, 5 Rs(FSS) - mule issues of Mumbai mint: The Basaveswar, 5 rupees (FSS) - normal issue:

In commemoration of Basaveshwara, India issued Rs 5 & Rs 100 coins , on 23rd June, 2006. It was issued from Mumbai mint only. In this coin the diameter of the coin field is 22 mms. The value of this coin, shown by a stylized international numeral ‘5’ below the lion capital, has a longer gap in the bottom swing of the ‘5’. The gap between the bottom of lion pedestal and Hindi word ‘Satyamev Jayte’ appears to be more.

5 Rupees FSS, Basaveshwara - Normal coin

The Basaveswar, 5 rupees (FSS) - mule issue:

In this mule coin, the diameter of the coin field is 21 mms. The value of this coin, shown by a stylized international numeral ‘5’ below the lion capital, has a shorter gap in the bottom swing of the ‘5’. Tail of 5 is thick. The gap between the bottom of lion pedestal and Hindi word ‘Satyamev Jayte’ appears to be less.

5 Rupees FSS, Basaveshwara - Mule coin

How these mules might have been produced ( A hypothesis):

As explained in the case of Dandi March mule, the Basaveshwara Mule was also produced by wrongly using Mahavir Obverse die.

Base Coin (A) Piggyback Coin (B) Mule Produced

KM# 324; 2006 5Rs KM # 304 2001 5Rs Reverse of A + Obverse Mahatma Basashewara 2600 Anniversary of of B. Not listed in (FSS) Bhagwan Mahavir Krause.

My readers are encouraged to intimate me about any other suitable explanations, proposed by them, explaining the occurrence of these mule coins.

Important Note regarding Basashewara Mules

In the UNC sets, Proof Sets and some circulation coins, the Basaveswara 5 Rs coin was in Cupro-Nickel. Most of the circulating coins were issued in FSS. In the Cu-Ni coins, the obverse side also have tooth/flower design in the periphery; which is absent in FSS coins. For our discussion, we are not taking it under Mule as the metal is different.

5 Rupees, Basaveshwara - Cupro - Nickel coin

Acknowledgement: Many thanks to Dr. PV Bharat for sending this mule coin for my collection.

8) JAGATH GURU SREE NARAYANA GURUDEV, 5Rs CN - mule issue:

Jagath Guru Sree Narayana Gurudev, 5 Rupees CN - Normal Issue:

In commemoration of the 150th birth anniversary of Jagath Guru Sree Narayana Gurudev, India issued this 5 rupees coin in September, 2006. This coin was minted from Mumbai mint and it has a dotted circle on both its Obverse and Reverse sides.

5 Rupees, Narayana Guru - Normal coin

JAGATH GURU SREE NARAYANA GURUDEV, 5 rupees FSS - Mule issue:

This mule coin has no dotted circle on its obverse side. Its obverse shows a tooth / flower design at its periphery.

5 Rupees, Narayana Guru - Mule coin How these mule coin might have been produced ( A hypothesis):

The design on the obverse of this mule coin is identical in all respects with the obverse of the 5 rupees Cupro- nickel coin of Basaveswara, or Dandi March. The photographs of all two have been provided earlier. Some day while the minting of 5 rupees CN Narayan Guru coin was going on, wrongly the obverse die of the 5 rupees Cupro-nickel Basaveswar / Dandi March coin was paired with reverse die of 5 rupees Narayan Guru coin and this resulted this mule coin.

Basaveshwara Cupro-nickel coin

Base Coin (A) Piggyback Coin (B) Mule Produced

5Rs Jagat Guru Narayan 5Rs Basaveswar CN/ Reverse of A + Obverse Guru (CN) Dandi March CN of B. Not listed in Krause.

9) 2005 CROSS 2Rs Mule Coin of Kolkata mint:

The normal 2 rupees cross coin of 2005, issued from Kolkata mint:

This coin was issued in the year 2005, in the theme “Unity In Diversity” popularly called as “Cross Coins”. Its obverse shows, the value "2", which measures 9mm in height and smaller in size. The “date” is displayed in bigger numerals. Its reverse shows, a "double plus" symbol which, measures 18 mm in length.

2005, 2 Rupees Cross - Normal coin

The 2 rupees cross coin of 2007, normal issue from Kolkata mint: This coin was issued in the year 2007 from Kolkata mint, in the theme “Unity In Diversity”. Its obverse shows, the value "2", which measures10 mm in height and bigger in size. The “date” is displayed in smaller numerals. Its reverse shows, a "double plus" symbol which, measures 20 mm in length.

2007, 2 Rupees Cross - Normal coin

The 2 rupees cross coin of 2005, mule issue from Kolkata mint:

This mule coin is with the obverse of 2005 cross coin and reverse of 2007 cross coin.

2005, 2 Rupees Cross - Mule coin

Base Coin (A) Piggyback Coin (B) Mule Produced

2Rs Cross of 2005: 2Rs Cross of 2007: Small Obverse of A + Reverse of B. Not Large date + small cross date + Large cross listed in Krause.

10) 2007 CROSS 2Rs mule coins of Kolkata mint:

The 2 rupees cross coin of 2007, mule issue from Kolkata mint:

This mule coin is with the obverse of 2007 cross coin and reverse of 2005 cross coin.

2007, 2 Rupees Cross - Mule coin

How these mules were produced: By mistake, on some day in the year 2007, when both 2005, 2 rupees cross coin and the 2007, 2 rupees cross coin were simultaneously being minted at Kolkata mint, the obverse die of the 2 rupees cross, 2005 coin, was interchanged with the obverse die of 2 rupees cross, 2007 coin, and this resulted these two mule coins Base Coin (A) Piggyback Coin (B) Mule Produced

2Rs Cross of 2007: 2Rs Cross of 2005: Obverse of A + Small date + Large Large date + small Reverse of B. Not cross cross listed in Krause.

11 ) 2006, 5 Rs SBI - mule issue of Kolkata mint: Proof issue: Friends, to commemorate the Bi-centenary of SBI, a proof set issued consisting of a 5rs coin and a 100 rs coin. The 5 rs proof coin was issued in Cupro-Nickel alloy from Kolkata mint. The lion on this proof 5 rs coin was a thin one and the floral design placed on both sides of the SBI emblem had 2 leafs, the tip of the lower leaf pointing inwards where as the tip of the upper leaf pointing outwards.

Issue for general circulation: On the same occasion, a 5 rupees FSS coin was also issued for general circulation from Kolkata and Hyderabad mints. The lion on this 5 rs FSS coin was a fat one and the floral design placed on both sides of the SBI emblem had 2 leafs, the tip of both the lower leaf and the upper leaf, pointing inwards.

Mule issue: Due to negligence or some other unknown causes, some specimens of FSS issue from Kolkata mint are found to be minted using the proof die, originally prepared to mint the proof coins, thus producing this mule coin.

Please mark the difference in obverse lions, the SBI emblem size and the floral designs on the normal coin and the mule coin.

12 ) 2007, 5 Rs Tilakji - mule issue of Mumbai mint: In the year 2007, this coin was issued in commemoration of the 150th birth anniversary of Lokamanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak. This coin was shortly withdrawn from circulation due to public protest, as it had inscription of “Tilak ji” in Hindi on this coin. This is a rare coin of republic India.

2007, 5 Rs “Tilakji” coin – Normal Issue: The obverse side of this coin is found with a tooth(flower) border. 2007, 5 Rs “Tilakji” coin – Mule Issue: The obverse side of this coin is found without a tooth(flower) border.

Note: I personally do not have this mule coin in my collection. This coin is collected by Siddharth NS of Mumbai. Many thanks for his kindness to allow me use his photo in this blog.

13) 2008 5 Rs IT and Connectivity - mule issue of Kolkata mint: 5 rupees Regular FSS coin, 2008 (Theme – IT and Connectivity) - normal issue:

This 5 rupees steel coin (Theme – IT and Connectivity)(Design - Waves) was issued in 2007 and 2008. The reverse of this coin shows waves design and the value of this coin. The obverse side of this coin contains Lion Capitol & year. Coin Diameter – 23 mm; Diameter of the coin field – 22 mm; Distance between two horizontal lines – 12 mm; Height of the Lion Capital – Bigger, 7.5 mm; Font size of the date - Bigger

5 Rupees IT - Normal coin

50 Paise Regular FSS coin, 2008 (Theme – Nritya Mudra) - normal issue:

This 50 Paisa steel coin (Theme – Nritya Mudra)(Design – Clenched Fist) was issued from 2008. The reverse of this coin shows a clenched fist design and the value of this coin. The obverse has Lion Capital & year. Coin Diameter – 22 mm; Diameter of the coin field – 20.5 mm; Distance between two horizontal lines – 11 mm; Height of the Lion Capital – smaller, 6.5 mm; Font size of the date - smaller

50 Paise Nritya Mudra - Normal coin

5 rupees Regular FSS coin, 2008 (Theme – IT and Connectivity) - mule issue:

This coin is a mule coin having obverse of 50 Paisa coin (Theme – Nritya Mudra), and reverse of 5 rupees coin (Theme – IT and Connectivity). Please mark that the use of smaller obverse die of 50 Paisa steel coin has created an unusual wider rim on the obverse side of this mule coin.

5 Rupees IT - Mule coin

Base Coin (A) Piggyback Coin (B) Mule Produced

5Rs 2008 IT & Connectivity. Large 50P 2008 Nritya Mudra. Small Reverse of A + Obverse lion capital + large distance between lion capital + small distance of B. Not listed in parallel lines. between parallel lines Krause.

14) 2008, 2 Rs Natya Mudra - mule issue of Noida mint: 2008, 2 Rs Regular FSS coin, (Natya Mudra) - normal issue: This 2 rupees steel coin (Theme – Natya Mudra) (Design – Two pointing fingers) was issued in India in 2008. The reverse side of this coin shows two pointing fingers and the value of this coin. The obverse side of this coin shows the Lion Capitol and ‘Satyameva Jayate’ in Hindi, between 2 parallel lines, the name of the country ‘Bharat’ in Hindi and ‘INDIA’ in English at the top, in a straight line and year of issue ‘2008’ at the bottom, also in a straight line.

2 Rupees Natya - Normal coin

2008, 10 Rs Regular Bi - Metal coin, (IT and Connectivity) - normal issue:

This 10 rupees Bi - Metal coin (Theme – IT and Connectivity) (Design – 15 radiating patterns) was issued in India in 2008. The reverse of this coin shows ‘10’ in International numerals showing the value of this coin, with 15 radiating patterns above ‘10’ and ‘RUPEES’ in English and Hindi at the lower periphery. The obverse side of this coin shows Lion Capitol and ‘Satyameva Jayate’ in Hindi just below it, within 2 parallel lines, the name of the country ‘INDIA’ both in English and Hindi, appear in a curved line in the top periphery and year of issue ‘2008’ also in a curved line in the bottom periphery.

10 Rupees IT and Connectivity - Normal coin

2008, 2 Rs Regular FSS coin, (Natya Mudra) - Mule issue:

This coin is a mule coin having obverse of 10 Rs, Bi - Metal coin (Theme – IT and Connectivity), and reverse of 2 rupees coin (Theme – Natya Mudra). Please mark that the use of obverse die of 10 rs IT and Connectivity coin has shown the name of the country and the year of issue in a curved fashion which is not found on the normal issue.

2 Rupees Natya - Mule coin Base Coin (A) Piggyback Coin (B) Mule Produced 2 Rs 2008 Natya Mudra. ‘INDIA’ and 10 Rs 2008 IT and Connectivity. ‘INDIA’ Reverse of A + Obverse of “Bharat’ in straight line + ‘2008’ in and “Bharat’ in curved line + ‘2008’ in B. Not listed in Krause. straight line and in smaller fonts. curved line and in larger fonts. A very rare Mule

15) 2008, 1 Re Natya Mudra - mule issue of Kolkata mint:

1 rupee Regular FSS coin, 2008 (Theme – Natya Mudra) - normal issue: This 1 rupee steel coin (Theme – Natya Mudra)(Design – A hand with a Pointing fore finger) was issued by Kolkata mint in 2008. The reverse of this coin shows a hand with a Pointing fore finger and the value of this coin. The obverse side of this coin contains “INDIA” and ‘Bharat’ on the top, Lion Capital in the middle & year of issue on the bottom. Coin Diameter – 25 mm; Diameter of the coin field – 23 mm; Distance between two horizontal lines on obverse – 13 mm; Height of the Lion Capital – Bigger, 8.5 mm; Font size of the date - Thinner

1 Rupee 2008, Kolkata Normal coin

5 rupees Regular FSS coin, 2008 (Theme – IT and Connectivity) - normal issue:

This 5 rupees steel coin (Theme – IT and Connectivity)(Design - Waves) was issued in 2008. The reverse of this coin shows waves design and the value of this coin. The obverse side of this coin contains “INDIA” and ‘Bharat’ on the top, Lion Capital in the middle & year of issue on the bottom, similar to the design on 1 rupee Natya Mudra coin . Coin Diameter – 23 mm; Diameter of the coin field – 22 mm; Distance between two horizontal lines on the obverse – 12 mm; Height of the Lion Capital – Smaller, 7.5 mm; Font size of the date - Thicker

5 Rupees IT - Normal coin

1 rupee Regular FSS coin, 2008 (Theme – Natya Mudra) - mule issue:

This coin is a mule coin having obverse of 5 Rupees coin (Theme – IT and Connectivity)(Design - Waves) and reverse of 1 rupee coin (Theme – Nritya Mudra), (Design – Pointing fore finger). Please mark that the use of smaller obverse die of 5 Rupees steel wave coin (coin field diameter = 22 mm) on the 1 Rupee Planchet ( Diameter = 25 mm) has created an unusual wider rim on the obverse side of this mule coin.

1 Rupee 2008, Kolkata Mule coin

Base Coin (A) Piggyback Coin (B) Mule Produced 1Re 2008 Natya Mudra. 5Rs 2008 IT & Reverse of A + Obverse Large lion capital + large Connectivity. Small lion of B. Not listed in distance between parallel capital + less distance Krause. lines. between parallel lines. 16) 2010, 5 Rs Mother Teresa Comm - mule issue of Hyderabad mint:

2010, 5 Rs Mother Teresa Commemorative - normal issue:

In commemoration of the Birth Centenary celebrations of Mother Teresa, India issued this 5 rupees Nickel- Brass coin on 28th August, 2010, for general circulation. This 5 rupees Nickel- Brass coin was minted at all the 4 Indian mints. The reverse of this coin shows the image of Mother Teresa. The obverse of this coin shows the usual - Name of the country (India) in English and Hindi, its denomination and the Ashokan Lion. The Ashokan lion, on this coin, is a fat lion.

5 Rupees , Mother Teresa - Normal coin

2010, 5 Rs Mother Teresa Commemorative - Mule issue:

Though the obverse side of this coin, issued from all 4 mints, has a fat Ashokan Lion, the mule coin issued from Hyderabad has a thin Ashokan lion.

5 Rupees , Mother Teresa - Mule coin

Base Coin (A) Piggyback Coin (B) Mule Produced 5Rs 2010 Mother Teresa 5rs 60 yrs of Common wealth / Reverse of A + Obverse of Perarignar Anna / Sister Alphonsa B.

17) 2010, 5 Rs Brihadeeswarar Temple Commemorative - mule issue of Mumbai mint:

2010, 5 Rs Brihadeeswarar Temple Commemorative - normal issue:

In commemoration of 1000 years of establishment of BRIHADEESWARAR TEMPLE, India issued Rs 5 coin on 26th September, 2010. This coin was minted at all the 4 Indian mints. The reverse of this coin shows the image of this temple in the background and an image of Raja Raja Chola I (who built the temple) in the fore ground.

The obverse of this coin shows the usual - Name of the country (India) in English and Hindi, its denomination and the Ashokan Lion. The Ashokan lion, on this coin, is a fat lion.

5 Rupees , Temple - Normal coin

2010, BRIHADEESWARAR TEMPLE, 5 Rs(Nickel-Brass) - Mule issues of Mumbai mint:

The obverse of this coin shows a thin Ashokan Lion.

5 Rupees , Temple - Mule coin

Base Coin (A) Piggyback Coin (B) Mule Produced 5Rs 2010 Brihadeeswarar Temple 5rs 60 yrs of Common wealth / Reverse of A + Obverse of ,Tanjavur Perarignar Anna / Sister Alphonsa B.

18) 2010, 5 Rs C. SUBRAMANIAM – mule issue of Mumbai mint:

The C. Subramaniam , 5 rs commemorative , normal issue: In the year 2010, India issued this 5 rupees coin in commemoration of birth centenary of C. Subramaniam. Please look at the value "5" on the obverse side of this coin. Its a normal "5".

The RBI, Platnum Jubilee, 5 rs commemorative, Normal issue:

In the year 2010, India issued this 5 rupees coin in commemoration of Platinum Jubilee of establishment of RBI. Please look at the value “5” on its obverse side of this coin. It’s a stylized “5”

The C. Subramaniam , 5 rs commemorative , mule issue

This mule coin is found in many C. Subramaniam UNC sets, issued to collectors, from Mumbai mint. The obverse die of the 5 Rs Platinum Jubilee of RBI has been used in place of normal obverse die of C. Subramaniam.

Piggyback Coin (B) Mule Produced Base Coin (A) 2010 5Rs C. Subramaniam 2010 5Rs Platinum Reverse of A + Obverse of Jubilee of RBI B. Not listed in Krause.

19) 2011, 5 Rs R symbol - mule issue of Kolkata mint:

5 rupees Regular Nickel-Brass, 2011 (Theme – New R symbol) - normal issue: This 5 rupees Nickel-Brass coin (Theme – New R symbol) (Design - Flowers), was issued in 2011. The reverse of this coin shows New R symbol at the top, the value of this coin at the center, year of issue at the bottom and 2 Flower designs at the left and right periphery. The obverse side of this coin shows Lion Capital with ‘Satyameva Jayate’ in Hindi, just below it and “Bharat’ in Hindi on the left and ‘INDIA’ In English on the right periphery. The fur lines of the lion on the right side, extend from top left to right down wards. Coin Diameter – 23 mm; Diameter of the coin field – 21.5 mm; Height of the Lion Capital – Bigger, 13.5 mm;

2011 - 5 Rupees R symbol - Normal coin

1 rupee Regular FSS, 2011 (Theme – New R symbol) - normal issue: This 1 rupee FSS coin (Theme – New R symbol) (Design - Flowers), was issued in 2011. The reverse of this coin shows New R symbol at the top, the value of this coin at the center, year of issue at the bottom and 2 Flower designs at the left and right periphery. The obverse side of this coin shows Lion Capital with ‘Satyameva Jayate’ in Hindi, just below it, “Bharat’ in Hindi on the left and ‘INDIA’ In English on the right periphery. The fur lines of the lion on the right side, extend from top to down wards. Coin Diameter – 22 mm; Diameter of the coin field – 21 mm; Height of the Lion Capital – Smaller, 13 mm;

2011 - 1 Rupee R symbol - Normal coin

5 rupees Regular Nickel-Brass, 2011 (Theme – New R symbol) - (Design - Flowers) - Mule issue:

This coin is a mule coin having obverse of 1 rupee FSS coin (Theme – New R symbol) (Design - Flowers), and reverse of 5 rupees Nickel-Brass coin (Theme – New R symbol) (Design - Flowers).

2011 - 5 Rupees R symbol - Mule coin

Base Coin (A) Piggyback Coin Mule Produced (B) 5Rs 2011. New R symbol. Larger lion 1 Re 2011. New Reverse of A + Obverse of B. Not listed in capital R symbol. Smaller Krause. lion capital

Acknowledgement :

I am very much thankful to my friend Md.Tanwer Alam of Howrah, as he was kind enough to gift me this mule coin for my collection. Note: The 2011, 5 rupees 'R' symbol issue of Mumbai mint is also reported to have a Mule issue. I'll post its image as soon as I get it for my collection.

20) 2012, 5 Rs R symbol - mule issue of Kolkata mint: The same error occurred in 2012 also, as it occurred in 2011. This mule coin has the obverse of 1 rupee FSS coin (Theme – New R symbol) (Design - Flowers), and reverse of 5 rupees Nickel-Brass coin (Theme – New R symbol) (Design - Flowers). Base Coin (A) Piggyback Coin (B) Mule Produced 5Rs 2012. New R symbol. 1 Re 2012. New R symbol. Reverse of A + Obverse of B. Larger lion capital Smaller lion capital Not listed in Krause.

21) 2010, 5 Rs CWG - mule issue of Kolkata mint:

5 rupees Regular Nickel-Brass, 2011 (Theme – New R symbol) - normal issue:

This 5 rupees Nickel-Brass coin (Theme – New R symbol) (Design - Flowers), was issued in 2011. The reverse of this coin shows New R symbol at the top, the value of this coin at the center, year of issue at the bottom and 2 Flower designs at the left and right periphery. The obverse side of this coin shows Lion Capital with ‘Satyameva Jayate’ in Hindi, just below it and “Bharat’ in Hindi on the left and ‘INDIA’ In English on the right periphery.

5 rupees CWG Commemorative, 2011 - normal issue:

The reverse of this coin shows the logo of “Common Wealth Games 2010” at the centre, with the words — ''XIX Commonwealth Games, 2010 - Delhi" in English on the right periphery and “19 Wan Rashtramandal Khel, Delhi 2010” in Hindi on the left upper periphery . Date of the event (3-14 October 2010) is also mentioned below the logo in international numerals and English.

The central portion of the obverse of this coin shows the Ashokan lion at the top with ‘Satyameva Jayate’ just below it and denomination of this coin ‘5’ in international numeral at the bottom. ‘INDIA’ and ‘RUPEES’ are shown in English on the right periphery and ‘Bharat’ and ‘Rupaye’ in Hindi are shown on the left periphery.

5 rupees CWG Commemorative, 2010- Mule issue:

This coin is a mule coin having obverse of 5 rupees Nickel-Brass coin (Theme – New R symbol) (Design - Flowers), and reverse of 5 rupees CWG Commemorative coin, 2010. The specialty of this mule coin is, no denominational value appears on this coin.

Base Coin (A) Piggyback Coin (B) Mule Produced 2010, 5Rs Common 2011, 5Rs Regular ‘R’ Reverse of A + Obverse of Wealth Games (Nickel- symbol coin B. Not listed in Krause. Brass)

22) 2010, 5 Rs Rabindranath Tagore - mule issue of Kolkata mint: The same error occurred in R N Tagore, 5 rs issue also, as it occurred in issue of CWG, 5 rs coin. This mule coin has the obverse of 5 rupees Nickel-Brass regular coin (Theme – New R symbol) (Design - Flowers), and reverse of 5 rupees Tagore Commemorative coin, 2010. The specialty of this mule coin is, no denominational value appears on this coin.

R N Tagore Normal issue:

R N Tagore Mule issue (Without denomination):

Photograph taken from collection of Mr. Soumik Chowdhury, Kolkata .

Base Coin (A) Piggyback Coin (B) Mule Produced 2010, 5Rs Rabindranath 2010, 5Rs Regular ‘R’ symbol Reverse of A + Obverse of Tagore(Nickel-Brass) coin B. Not listed in Krause.

======Acknowledgement: I have taken the help of the following web-site for preparation of this page. i) http://www.bakercoins.net/learn/error.ed/index.html ii) http://littlemistakes.com/WorldErrors/misstrikes/misstrikes.html

Made By:-

B. K. Kar

Birthday - July 13, 1949 https://www.facebook.com/beekar?ref=ts

I worked as a teacher in Secondary schools in Orissa for long 38 years. Retired in 2007. My hobbies and pass times are: 1. Coin collection 2. Stamp collection 3. Programming in C language 4. Study of snakes of Orissa. 5. Bee keeping 6. Homoeopathy 7. Free coaching in Mathematics and science to students 8. My blog on Indian coins: beekar-the-numismatist.blogspot.com 9. Writing articles on different coin websites 10. Writing books. The list of books written by me are: a) C programming for beginners b) Graphics programming with C c) Common snakes of Orissa d) A dictionary of Geometrical constructions e) A guide book for teachers-How to teach Geometry to secondary students f) The science of Apiculture

Contact Info:- Mobile Phones - 096 58 150544 Other Phones - 06723 246 634 Home Address - Kusunda, DOMPARA, CUTTACK-754007, ODISHA

Website - http://beekar-the-numismatist.blogspot.com Email - [email protected] Facebook - http://facebook.com/beekar

EDITED BY:- Prem Pues Kumar 09029057890 [email protected] Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/prem.p.kumar.31