Encounters of Sea and Land the 6Th ESEH Conference Turku, Finland, 28 June – 2 July 2011
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Encounters of Sea and Land the 6th ESEH Conference Turku, Finland, 28 June – 2 July 2011 Hand Programme and Abstracts Hand Programme and Abstracts Encounters of Sea and Land The 6th ESEH Conference Turku, Finland, 28 June – 2 July 2011 Hand Programme and Abstracts Hand Programme and Abstracts Hand Programme and Abstracts Editors: Timo Myllyntaus Patrik Hettula Tapio Manni Jenni Piilola Logo Designer: Antti-Jussi Nygård Graphic Designer: Patrik Hettula Language revision editor: Kathleen Kole Cover photo: Petri Karvinen, 2009, Vastavalo Photographers Timo Myllyntaus Antti-Jussi Nygård Maps Turku City Real Estate Department, Licence no 24524 ISBN 978-951-29-4671-6 Department of Finnish History, University of Turku Turku, 2011 2 Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Table of Contents Getting around Turku 64 Contact Addresses of the Conference 68 Hand Programme 7 European Society for Environmental History 69 A Message From The President of The Republic 8 Conference Venue and Site Maps 71 Welcome from the Local Organizing Committee 9 Greetings from the Scientific Committee 10 Abstracts 74 The Dirty Old Days – A Glimpse of Turku's Environmental History 11 Keynote Speeches 74 General information 14 Scientific Sessions 77 S2 Built uspon Sand and Sea: The Impact of Shifts in Economic Activity on Fragile Conference at a Glance 18 Coastlines 77 Scientific sessions 20 S3 Multiple Discoveries of the Sea 79 S4 Containing Militarized Landscapes in postwar Britain, France and the US 81 Keynote speakers 42 S5 Encounters with the Wild: The Political Ecology of Conservation in Historical Regional Sessions 44 Perspective 84 S7 Encounters of Maritime and Urban Spaces: Urban Coastal Histories 86 Poster presentations 46 S8 Planting Trees in Unsuitable Places 89 Social events 54 S9 Past Agricultural and Phenological Data in Long-term Climate Reconstructions I 91 Field trips 56 S10 A New Deal for the South?: Power, Ideology, and Land Use in the American South during the New Deal Era 93 Registration and event fees 60 S11 From Sea to Land: Capture and Consumption of Marine Biota in Medieval and Early Modern Northern Europe 95 Special Equipment 61 S12 Transatlantic Currents in Managing Protected Lands 97 2011 ESEH & RCC prizewinners 62 S13 Mining, Modernity and Environment in the 19th/20th-century World 99 2011 ESEH & LOC travel grant recipients 62 S14 Contesting Land and Water in pre-modern Europe 101 S15 Scales and Environmental History 104 Book exhibition 63 S16 Snapping Memories: Early Photography of Natural Disasters as a Source for Sponsors 63 Environmental History 107 4 Table of Contents Table of Contents 5 S17 The Challenges of Medieval Resource Management 108 S42 When the Ecology Becomes Political 155 S18 Local Places, Global Processes: Histories of Environmental Change 110 S44 Environmental Predictions – Expertise, Future, and the Emerging Understanding of ‘Global Change’ 158 S19 Soil Fertility Management and Socio-ecological Transitions in Agriculture (18th-20th century) 113 S46 Electrifying Nature 160 S20 National Histories within a Globalized Environment 116 S48 “Don’t kill our birds!” - The Transnational Politics of Migratory Bird Protection Part I 162 S21 Pacific Commodities: Hunting and Trading in the Integration of the Pacific Ocean in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries 118 S50 Energy Landscapes. Environmental Change in Northwest European Coastlands 164 S22 Encountering the Alps: Political Landscapes and Changing Environments from S51 Green Fire: A Screening with Commentary 167 Jacobinism to Fascism 121 S53 Changes in Select Types of Landscape in Czechia and their Environmental S23 “The Park is the Spark“: Explorations into the Transformation of Urban Green Connections 1948 –1989–2010 167 Space 123 S54 Riverine Fish and Fisheries in Ecological, Economic and Cultural Perspectives S25 Religious Environments. Human-Nature-Relations in Germany as Mediated by – Case Studies from the Danube and Rivers of the Russian North-West 170 Religious Conviction (17th-19th centuries) 125 S55 Russian Natural Science and Society: Explorations of the Links between S26 Travelling Trash: (West-)Germany‘s Waste Streams of the 20th Century 127 Scientific Conception, Practice and the State during the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries 172 S27 The Use of Oral History in Marine Environmental History: Examples from Australia and South-East Asia 130 S57 Crisis on the Border: Disasters in Urban Coastal Areas 174 S28 More Timber for the Country – The Economic, Social and Environmental S61 “Don’t kill our birds!” - The Transnational Politics of Migratory Bird History of the Forest Improvement in Finland 132 Protection Part II 176 S29 Methods of Reconstructing Flood Histories on the Danube 134 S63 Humans and Predators – Human-Predator Relationship and Changing Attitudes towards Predators 179 S30 Interaction of Fishermen and Scientists in the 19th Century 136 S64 Imprint of Traditional Agriculture on Boreal Landscape Surrounding Vanished S32 Major Issues of European Environmental Histories 138 Communities in the Kostomuksha State Nature Reserve, Russian Karelia 181 S33 Materials, Energy and Land during Industrialisation: Contributions from a S67 Common Resources and (Un)Cooperative Actions 183 Social Metabolism Approach 141 S68 Towards an Online Environmental History of Europe: Narratives and Forms of S34 The Emergence of Climate-Centric Environmentalism? 143 Presentation – A Roundtable Discussion 186 S35 City – River – Hinterlands: Urban Metabolism and the Danube River S71 Archipelagoes 188 Catchment 1500-1900 145 S72 Food from the Sea 191 S36 Ordering Nature in Ottoman Lands, 1500-1900 147 S73 Whales: More Than Fat Mammals 193 S37 Environmental Consequences of World War II in Asia 150 S74 Cattle Stories 194 S40 Colonial Environmental Law 152 S75 Changing Climates 196 S41 Animal Agency and Environmental History – Three Different Approaches to Nordic Wolves 153 S78 Environmental History of the Baltic Sea 197 6 Table of Contents Hand Programme 7 S79 Urban Water 199 S80 Forests into Ships 201 S81 Forests in the Eastern Mediterranean 203 Hand Programme S82 Floods Along the Rhine 205 S83 Science in the Arctic 207 S84 Aquatic Biodiversity 209 S85 Amphibious Societies 211 S86 Maritime Knowledge 213 S87 Nordic Forests 214 S89 Nature and the Nation 216 S90 Colonial Explorations 218 S91 The Sanitary City 220 S92 The Forests of Eastern Europe 221 S93 Extreme Weather and Climate 223 S95 The Grand Outlines of Environmental History 225 S96 Changes on the Coast 228 S97 The Price of Monoculture 230 S99 Urban Challenges 232 S100 Dangerous Encounters 234 S101 Animal Histories 236 S102 Environmental Histories of Fisheries and Trade 239 S103 Institutions in Environmental History 241 S106 Past Agricultural and Phenological Data in Long-Term Climate Reconstructions II 243 Index 246 A MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC Environmental issues have become more8 significant in the globalizedA Message world. From The We President need of The Republic Welcome from the Local Organising Committee of the 2011 ESEH Conference 9 better knowledge of the present situation as well as of the past to understand the long- term development trends. HistoriansA canMESSAGE help build FROMa sustainable THE bridge PRESIDENT from the past OF to THE REPUBLIC Welcome from the Local Organising Committee of the the future by researching past relationshipsEnvironmental between issues people have become and the more environment. significant in the glo- 2011 ESEH Conference balized world. We need better knowledge of the present situa- The best time to visit Turku is late June and early July when there is practically no night ¬– just tion as well as of the past to understand the long- term devel- I am delighted that environmental historians have chosen Turku as the site of their four hours of twilight break continuous daylight. Nature is dressed up at its best; flowers are opment trends. Historians can help build a sustainable bridge blossoming and the temperature is generally most moderate. At this time of the year, people pay conference and I welcome you all tofrom Finland, the past which to the is knownfuture byfor researchingits unique nature. past relationships special attention to the city’s aquatic environment. The banks of the river Aura provide idyllic between people and the environment. recreation areas, while the harbour offers a gateway to the Baltic Sea and to the impressive Turku archipelago, which is the largest in the world in terms of the number of islands. In Finland, we are accustomed to livingI am delighted close to thatnature environmental and have four historians distinct have seasons. chosen Turku as the site of their conference and I welcome you all to Finland, The summertime peak of light and warmth makes people of the city more energetic than usual. This has also made us adopt a cyclicalwhich conception is known for of its time. unique We nature. are constantly adapting to Although every year around Midsummer there are a lot of happenings, the position of Turku as the changing seasons and variable weather. Nature is present everywhere. the European Capital of Culture will boost the supply of cultural events and social gatherings fur- In Finland, we are accustomed to living close to nature and have ther. During this particular week the cultural metropolis of the continent will be more crowded than ever because it hosts the Mediaeval Market festivities, which take you on a trip back in four distinct seasons. This has also made us adopt a cyclical con- time in this mediaeval