WABR Booklet

For the Greater Good Featuring Animals & Research: A Five-Part Series Published by the Seattle Post-Intelligencer W ASHINGTON A SSOCIATION for B IOMEDICAL R ESEARCH Cells isolated from chicken retinas and grown in culture are used to understand the development of the eye and to screen for factors that promote cell survival. Dear Reader: On the morning of April 16, 2000, readers of the Seattle Post-Intelligencer (P-I) opened their newspapers to discover that the front page of the popular Focus section was dominated by the introduction of an unprecedented five-part series on Animals & Research. In a rare opportunity, the general public had the chance to hear the unfiltered voices of the men and women whose daily work involves the use of animal models in medical research. The series was titled “For the Greater Good.” Each featured article portrays one author’s personal stories of people and animals whose lives have been improved or saved by medical breakthroughs made possible by animal research. We will remember these stories; they could be about our own families, friends and well-loved pets. They are stories about hope and triumph, obstacles and realities. With the publication of this booklet, members of the media, policy makers, researchers and their staffs, doctors, veterinarians, patients, neighbors, teachers and students across the country will have the chance to read these words. The series begins with Dr. Joseph Eschbach describing conversations with his patients about how animal-based research contributes to their medical care; it concludes with laboratory animal veterinarian Cindy Pekow detailing the careful attention given by “I am convinced popular staff members to every animal in her facility. We recognize and thank all five authors for support is out there for opening up their worlds to the majority of citizens who may never walk the halls of a investing in research — teaching hospital or a research institution. even if in some areas that For nearly four months after the series was printed, the P-I continued to receive support is dormant. Every and publish several Letters to the Editor and opinion pieces commenting on the articles. state and region in the Many of these will be featured in the Teaching Guide that will accompany this booklet, country can duplicate the scheduled for release in Spring 2001. E-mail messages of support for the series came experience of the from individuals across the country and from as far away as Japan and the United Washington Association for Kingdom. Biomedical Research and the Seattle Post-Intelligencer. It The series was edited by Samuel R. Sperry, then Editorial Page Associate Editor can be done. It can be at the P-I. After its publication, members of our Board of Directors asked Sperry what he popularized. The story needs believed the series accomplished. His response was forthright: to be told.” “I am convinced popular support is out there for investing in research — even if Samuel R. Sperry in some areas that support is dormant. Every state and region in the country can duplicate the experience of the Washington Association for Biomedical Research and the Seattle Post-Intelligencer. It can be done. It can be popularized. The story needs to be told.” On behalf of the WABR Board of Directors and with special thanks to the Esther A. and Joseph Klingenstein Fund and the AALAS Foundation, we are proud to present this booklet. Take it into your communities. Initiate the conversation. Tell your stories. SUSAN B. ADLER EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR WASHINGTON ASSOCIATION for BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH 1 here is no way we can forego, at the present time, the use of laboratory animals in biomedical research. We “Towe them the unprecedented advances that have occurred in this field in the last 50 years. Our Quotes own success is due to the fact that we determined from the mechanism of regulation of a crucial enzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism obtained Nobel from rabbit muscle. As luck would have it, this process turned out to be the most prevalent Laureates mechanism by which cellular events are regulated. Sure, today and as much as possible, one tries to work on cell cultures. These studies have taught us most of what we know on molecular biology and genetic engineering, cell signaling, etc. But they can only go so far. No way could we find a cure for cancer or genetic diseases such as muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, cystic fibrosis or diabetes if we did not have the use of laboratory animals.” EDWIN G. KREBS AND EDMOND H. FISCHER NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS — 1992 Edwin G. Krebs and Edmond H. Fischer received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1992 for discovering the basic mechanisms for protein regulation in cells. Drs. Krebs and Fischer later found that mistakes in this regulation can cause uncontrolled cell growth and result in cancer. The knowledge gained from these experiments, which were done using rabbit muscle cells, has led to the development of treatments for cancer, diabetes, and other diseases. 2 erhaps in no other field he medicines of has animal research been tomorrow will depend as important as in the upon research being transplantation of organs done today, for which and tissues. Data from animal experimentation “Pthe laboratory may provide useful information, “Tis essential. Ignore the need for that research and but in the final analysis there is no substitute for we shall lose the cures that we are entitled to the complex environment of the living organism. expect in the next 50 years for illnesses that Thousands of patients are living today with afflict hundreds of millions of people such as transplants of kidney, heart, liver, or bone cancer, heart disease, viral diseases, malaria, marrow who would not be living if it had not been schistosomiasis and sickle cell anemia.” for animal research.” SIR JOHN R. VANE “What many people do not understand is NOBEL PRIZE WINNER — 1982 that animal research can also benefit the very Sir J.R. Vane shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1982 with S.K. Bergstrom and B.I. Samuelsson for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and animals participating in the studies. Just as in related biologically active substances. Prostaglandins are substances released by injured cells that stimulate pain responses and, thereby, help to form blood clots that your doctor’s office, if you go into a veterinarian’s can lead to heart attacks and strokes. Using rabbits and dogs, Dr. Vane found that aspirin prevents prostaglandins from causing these pain responses; this led to an office or hospital you will find the same drugs and understanding of why aspirin reduces pain and helps to prevent heart attacks. technologies developed through animal research.” E. DONNALL THOMAS NOBEL PRIZE WINNER — 1990 nimal experimentation has been essential to the development of all cardiac surgery, transplantation surgery, “Ajoint replacements and all vaccinations. The world is not flat.” JOSEPH E. MURRAY NOBEL PRIZE WINNER — 1990 The Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine was awarded jointly to E. Donnall Thomas and Joseph E. Murray in 1990 for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease. Dr. Murray was inspired in his research after seeing so many injured soldiers die while he was working as a combat doctor during World War II. He is credited with performing the first successful human organ transplant—a kidney—a few years after perfecting the surgery in dogs. With the knowledge he gained by using dogs, he uncovered ways to overcome the body’s tendency to reject a donated organ. His work led to successful transplants of other organs, such as liver, pancreas, and heart. Today, more than 20,000 people each year are given a chance for a longer, healthier life because of organ transplants. Dr. Thomas discovered how to successfully transplant bone marrow, the tissue found inside bones that makes blood cells, as a treatment for cancer in humans. He first perfected the technique in dogs. Although the procedure was once thought to be impossible by most scientists and doctors, today bone marrow transplants cure literally thousands of cases of leukemia and other diseases in patients throughout the world. 3 “The P-I series proves that scientists can communicate effectively. Even people who disagreed read every last word; all were surprised by its relevance. The articles succeeded in raising the bar for this discussion to the highest level.” Samuel R. Sperry 4 Sunday, April 16, 2000 FOCUS ANIMALS & RESEARCH INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION BY SAMUEL R. SPERRY, P-I ASSOCIATE EDITOR/EDITORIAL PAGE ost of what we know about using animals in medical research comes from people who oppose it. Today the Post- Intelligencer begins a five-part series looking at the issue Mfrom the other side. Today and this week in the Opinion section, Northwest physicians and researchers discuss why, despite vehement objections, there’s value in using animals in medical research. This is a controversial topic for many reasons. For one thing, most of us have or have had pets. Stories of how animals are abused, whether they are true or embellished, spark our anger and sympathy. Some in society want to end the practice of using animals for medical research. Others want to grant to animals the same rights in law enjoyed by humans. In the extreme, still others believe violence is morally justified in the name of animal rights. Last year, animal rights activists damaged a Washington State University research facility in Puyallup. At the University of Minnesota, a research venture into Alzheimer’s disease that had been in progress for decades was damaged by animal rights activists; complex work was lost forever.

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