Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of Ornamental Plants from São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil

University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln

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December 2001

Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of ornamental plants from Saõ Carlos, Saõ Paulo, Brazil

A. L. B. G. Peronti Sao Paulo, Brazil

D. R. Miller Agricultural Research Service, USDA

C. R. Sousa-Silva Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Peronti, A. L. B. G.; Miller, D. R.; and Sousa-Silva, C. R., "Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of ornamental plants from Saõ Carlos, Saõ Paulo, Brazil" (2001). Insecta Mundi. 208. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/208

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 15, No. 4, December, 2001 247

Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of ornamental plants from Siio Carlos, Siio Paulo, Brazil

A. L. B. G. Peronti Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Federal University of SBo Carlos C. P. 676, 13565-905 SBo Carlos SBo Paulo, Brazil D. R. Miller Systematic Entomology Laboratory Plant Sciences Institute Agricultural Research Service, USDA Beltsville, Maryland 20705 C. R-Sousa-Silva Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Federal University of SBo Carlos C. P. 676, 13565-905 SBo Carlos SBo Paulo, Brazil

Abstract. A list of 35 scale insects collected fsom 72 ornamental plant species in Siio Carlos, Slo Paulo, Brazil is provided. Regarding host specificity, 30 scale insects were polyphagous, 4 oligophagous, and 1monophagous. A total of 102 coccoid/plant associations are recorded, 29 of which are new host records for the species; 60 are new host records for the species in Brazil. Pulvirzaria urbicola Cockerell, 1893 (Coccidae), Phertacoccus si~nilis Granara de Willink, 1983 (Pseudococcidae), and Orthezia rnolirzarii (Morrison, 1952) (Ortheziidae) are recorded for the first time in Brazil. In addition, we describe the injury caused by scale insects on ornamental plants.

Key words. Scale insect diversity, Scale/plant associations, Floricultural pests.

Introduction the commercial value of ornamental plants, these insects also affect urban landscapes. Infested con- Floriculture, which consists of the cultivation tainerized plants become disseminators of harmful of ornamental plants used for cut flowers, flowering insects when they are transported to regions or and non-flowering potted plants, and the produc- countries far from their place of origin or produc- tion of seeds, bulbs, and large trees, is an important tion. part of Brazilian agriculture, with annual gross Despite the increase of ornamental plant pro- sales of approximately one billion Brazilian reals duction in Brazil, very few studies have been un- (currently about half a billion U. S. dollars). The dertaken on the insects associated with plants in state of SBo Paulo holds a 70% share of this market, gardens. Recent publications include Bergmann & and specialists in floriculture estimate an annual Alexandre (1995) and Imenes and Alexandre (1996); growth of 20% in the next few years (Arruda et al., they discuss the occurrence of pests, diseases, and 1996). forms of control in roses (Rosa sp.) and chrysanthe- Scale insects (Superfamily Coccoidea) stand mums (Cilzrysarzthemum sp.), respectively. Favero out as important pests among insects that feed on (1996) describes some pests of flowers, ornamental ornamental plants (Arruda et al., 1996). They cause foliage, and orchids and gives methods of control, damage to plants directly by sucking their sap, and and Imenes and Bergmann (2000) characterize the indirectly by injecting toxic salivary secretions, principal pests of ornamental plants including some transmitting pathogens, attracting ants, and en- scale insect-plant interactions and provide infor- couraging the development of sooty-mold (Lara, mation on control strategies. 1992; Zucchi et al., 1993). Besides their impact on 248 Volume 15, No. 4, December, 2001, INSECTA MUNDI

TABLE 1. Scale insects and their ornamental host plants collected in Slo Carlos - SP from August 1997 to April 1999.

Scale insects collected Host plant species/Common names Plant Plant Plant in Portuguese shown in quotes family Origin Form hlONOPHAGOUS Diaspididae Kiot~r~naspisbambusicola Bambusa gracilis Hort. Poaceae exotic shrub (Cockerell, 1899)(vnv) "bambu-de-jardim"

OLIGOPHAGOUS Diaspididae '.-tcui~~.spisolil~c~xii **Hedern canariensis Willd. Araliaceae exotic vine ( Lepage & Gianotti, 1942)(vnv) "hera-da-algeria"

Eriococcidae E~I'OCOCCLIScmnpinensis * *Mimosa caesalpiiziaefolia Benth. Fabaceae native tree Hempel. 1937 (dm) "sansiio-do-campo"

Ortheziidae 01.rlre:iri ~nolinurii * *Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. Nyctaginaceae native shrub Morrison, 1952 (dm) "primavera" * *CordiIyne terminalis Kunth. Liliaceae exotic shrub "dracena-vermelha"

Pseudococcidae Phoracoccus similis **Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl. Gesneriaceae exotic herb Granara de Willink, 1983 (dm) "violeta-africana"

POLYPHAGOUS Coccidae C'c21.oplnstes cirriperiiforrnis *Dnrunta repens var. auren L. Hort. Verbenaceae native shrub ('ornstock. 188 1 (mlw) "pingo-de-ouro"

('e~.oplr~stesflot-idensis Hedera canuriensis Araliaceae exotic vine Comstock, 188 1 (mlw) "hera-da-algeria" *Schefflera actinophylla Hams Araliaceae exotic shrub "cheflera" *Scheflera nrboricola (Hay .)Men. Araliaceae exotic shrub "cheflera-pequena" The objective of this study was to survey scale Collections were made from August 1997 to insect-plant interactions in ornamental plants in April 1999. In the laboratory, scale insects were the city of SBo Carlos, state of S5o Paulo (SP), collected from host plants with brushes and were Brazil. In addition, we classified the species of scale stored in vials filled with 70% alcohol. They were insects according to their host specificity and char- mounted on microscope slides according to the acterized host-plant injury caused by scale insects. technique described by Granara de Willink (1990). Scale insects were identified with a compound light Materials and Methods microscope using keys Granara de Willink (1999) and Hodgson (1994) for Coccidae; Ferris (1937, The buds, branches, and leaves of ornamental 1938, 1941, 1942) and Lepage and Gianotti (1942) plants infested by scale insects were collected in for Diaspididae; Morrison (1925, 1952) for Orthezi- public and private gardens in the city of SBo Carlos, idae; and Williams and Granara de Willink (1992) SP, Brazil and taken to the laboratory of the De- for Pseudococcidae. Most of the scale insects were partment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology of sent to specialists for confirmation of final identifi- the Federal University of SBo Carlos (UFSCar). cations. Categorization of scale insect host-plant specificity was based in large part on classic defini- INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 15, No. 4, December, 2001 249

TABLE 1. Continued

Scale insects collected Host plant species/Common names Plant Plant Plant In Portuguese shown in quotes family origin form

Coccus h esperidtcm **Davalliafejeensis Hook. Davalliaceae exotic herb Linnaeus, 1758 (dm, mlw) "renda-portuguesa" *Platycerium bifurcatum (Cav.) Chr. Polypodiaceae exotic herb "chifre-de-veado" *Schefflera actinophylla Araliaceae exotic shrub "cheflera"

C'OLCII.~vir~dis *Murraya exotica Jack Rutaceae exotic tree (Green. 1889) (dm, mlw) "falsa-rnurta" Gardenia jasminoicies Ellis Rubiaceae exotic shrub "jasmirn-do-cabo" *Polysciasfruticosa N.E.Br. Araliaceae exotic shrub "irvore-da-felicidade-Ernea" *Ixora coccinea L. var. compacta Hort. Rubiaceae exotic shrub "ixora-compacta"

Cocclrs sp. (alp) Ixora chinensis Lam. Rubiaceae exotic shrub "ixora-chinesa"

Porasai.~.seti rzigra *Schinus rnolle L. Anacardiaceae native tree (Niemer, 1861 ) (dm, mlw) "aroeira-salsa" *Euphorbiafulgens Karw ex K1. Euphorbiaceae exotic shrub "chiquita-bacana"

Parasaissetiu sp. (dm) Camelliajaponica L. Theaceae exotic shrub "carnelia"

Prorop~ilvinariapyriformis Schefflera arboricola Araliaceae exotic shrub (Cockerell. 1894) (dm) "cheflera-pequena"

Bauhinia variegata Linn. Fabaceae native tree "pata-de-vaca"

Pulvinclria urbicola * *Schinus molle Anacardiaceae native trec Cockerell, 1893 (dm) "aroeira-salsa" tions, in which "polyphagous" is used for species Dov et al. 2001). Determinations of scale insects that live on a variety of non-related plants, i.e., were made by Douglass R. Miller (drm), Michael L. plants from different families and, "oligophagous" Williams (mlw), Vera R. dos Santos Wolff (vrw), is defined as species that live on a reduced number and Ana L~ciaB. G. Peronti (alp) and are so of non-related host plants. We defined "monopha- indicated in the accompanying table. New records gous" as species that feed on one or more plants of for Brazil are indicated with an asterisk (*); new the same family. Scale insect specimens are depos- host records for a species of scale are indicated with ited in the Insect Collection of the Department of a double asterisk (**). Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (ColecocIDEBE) at UFSCar and in the Smithsonian's National Coc- Results and Discussion coidea Collection, Beltsville, Maryland, USA. Or- namentalplants were identified according to Lorenzi A total of 184 samples of scale insects were (1992) and Lorenzi and Souza (1995) or sent to collected from 72 ornamental species (8 trees, 39 specialists. Determination of new host records are shrubs, 23 herbaceous plants, and 2 vines) distrib- based on a search of the literature or ScaleNet (Ben- uted among 37 botanical families. Approximately 250 Volume 15, No. 4, December, 2001, INSECTA MUNDI

TABLE 1. Continued. Scale insects collected Host plant species/Common names Plant Plant Plant In Portuguese shown in quotes family origin Form

Saissetin coffeae *Ervatamia coronaria Stapf. Apocynaceae exotic shrub (Walker, 1852) (dm, mlw) "jasmim-caft5" *Pseuderanthernum atropurpureum Radlk. Acanthaceae exotic shrub "pseudoer~ntemo' ** Neplzrolepis sp. Davalliaceae herb "samambaia" *Asparagus africanus Liliaceae exotic herb "aspargo"

Diaspididae .A hgi.nllnsp is cj~anophylli *Philorfeniironsp. Araceae native shrub (S~gnoret,1869) (vrw) "filodendro"

,4czrtaspis persene * * Dietes iridioides Sweet Iridaceae exotic herb (Cornstock, 188 1) (vrw) "morCiaV

Cl~ryornphahisuo17idum Chtysaliclocarpus lutecetzs Wendl. Palmae exotic palm (Linnaeus, 1758) (vrw) "areca-bambu" tree *Dracaena mnrginata Lam. Liliaceae exotic shrub "dracena-de-madagascar" "orquidea" Orchidaceae - herb

CIin~sompha/us a'ic~ospermi Rosa sp. Rosaceae exotic shrub (Morgan. 1889) (vrw) "roseira"

Dicispis boisrluvnlii *Oncidium varicosunr Lindl. Orchidaceae native herb S~gnoret.1869 (dm,vrw) "chuva-de-ouro" Cattleya walkueriann var. princeps Barb. Rodr. Orchidaceae native herb "orquidea"

Fior.iniojiorinine *Camelliajaponica Theaceae exotic shrub ( Targioni-Tozzetti, 1867) (dm, "camelia" 1.1-W) Podocarpus lambertii Klotz. Podocarpaceae native shrub "podocarpo"

Hrrniherlesia rc~pnx *Chrysalidocarpus lutecens Palmae exotic palm (C'omstock, 1881) (vrw) "areca-bambu" tree

74% of host plants were exotics, and all were peren- (Pseudococcidae), and Orthesia inolinarii (Morri- nials. One hundred and two coccoid-plant associa- son, 1952) (Ortheziidae) were recorded for the first tions were recorded; 26 of them were new for the time in Brazil. scale species and 60 were new for Brazil. Thirty- Based on host-plant information provided in five species of scale insects were identified, includ- Morrison (1952), Vernalha (1953), Silva et al. (1968), ing 18 diaspidids (armored scales), 8 coccids (soft Ben-Dov (1993, 1994), Ben-Dov et al. 2001, and scales), 6 pseudococcids (mealybugs), 2 ortheziids Williams and Granara de Willink (1992), 30 of the (ensign scales), and 1 eriococcid (felt scale). The scale-insect species are polyphagous, 4 are oligoph- Icerya sp. (Margarodidae) found on Pittosporuin agous, and 1 is monophagous (Table 1). tobira (Thunb.) Ait. (Pittosporaceae) is probably Among the polyphagous species, the most com- Icerya purchasi Maskell (Table 1). monly encountered were Coccus viridis and Saisse- Pulviizaria urbicola Cockerell, 1893 (Coccidae), tia coffeae (Coccidae); Ischizaspis loizgirostris, Pin- Pheizacoccus siinillis Granara de Willink, 1983 i~aspisstrachaizi and Parlatoria proteus (Diaspid- INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 15, No. 4, December, 2001 251

TABLE 1. Continued.

Scale insects collected Host plant species/Common names Plant Plant Plant In Portuguese shown in quotes family origin Form

Hotvrirdin biclnvis **Ewatamia coronaria Apocynaceae exotic shrub (Comstock, 1833) (vrw) "jasmim-cafe"

Iscl~~rasp~slongirostris Chlysalidocarpus lutecens Palmae exotic palm (Signoret, 1882) (dnn, vrw) "areca-bambu" tree * *Ctenanthe oppenheimiana Schum Marantaceae native "maranta-variegata" herb * *Dietes iridioides Iridaceae exotic herb "moreia" Ficus benjamina L. Moraceae exotic tree "ficus" *Heliconia rostrata Ruiz et. Pav. Musaceae exotic shrub "helic8nia" Ixora coccinea L. Rubiaceae exotic shrub "ixora-coral" Phoenix roebelinii 0' Brien. Palmae exotic palm "tamareira-de-jardim" tree

Pi11.11-rtoriuproteus *Monsters sp. Araceae - herb (Curtis. 1843) (vm) "monstera" *Schefflera arboricola Araliaceae exotic shrub "cheflera-pequena" * *Spathiphyllum wallissii Regel Araceae exotic herb "lirio-da-paz" *Yucca elephantipes Hort, ex Regel Liliaceae exotic shnib "iuca-elefante" "orquidea" Orchidaceae - herb

Plt?t7n.~piscrspidistrae *Plntycerirtm bifurcatum (Cav.) Chr. Polypodiaceae exotic herb (Signoret. 1869) (drm,VW) "chifre-de-veado" idae); Plzenacoccus madeirensis and Pseudococcus Most samples of scale insects were collected longispinus (Pseudococcidae); and Orthezia insig- from plants growing in pots or narrow flower beds 7zis (Ortheziidae). These eight species occurred on in the shade (indoors) or semi-shade (under nurs- 42% of the scale-infested hosts. ery netting, trees, or open porches). Infestations of Eriococcus carnpi~zensis (Eriococcidae), de- the armored scale Ischrzaspis lo7zgirostris on Ficus scribed by Hempel (1937), and Acutaspis oliverai be7zjamirza and of the mealybug Pseudococcus long- (Diaspididae), described by Lepage and Giannotti ispinus on Cordilyne terlninalis were found only on (1942), are recorded from Brazil only, and Orthezia potted plants, with the former interaction occur- rnolirzarii (Ortheziidae) and Phenacoccus sirnilis ring both in shade and in bright sunlight and the (Pseudococcidae), previously were recorded by latter only indoors. In larger flowerbeds where Morrison (1952) and Williams and Granara de these pests were found, they appeared in small Willink (1992), respectively, only inArgentina. It is numbers. possible that additional records will place these Dense scale-insect populations were observed species in the polyphagous category. on the majority of host plants. Most infested plants Kuwanaspis ba~nbusicola(Diaspididae), col- showed symptoms such as dried or shriveled leaves; lected from Balnbusa gracilis, is a monophagous in a small number of cases flowers or fruit were species. According to Ben-Dov (1990), this species aborted and leaves were deformed. Chlorosis of leaf has been reported from species in only two genera tissue was detected mainly on hosts infested by of bamboo, Barnbusa and De7zdrocalamus. species of Diaspididae. 252 Volume 15, No. 4, December, 2001, INSECTA MUNDI

TABLE 1. Continued

Scale insects collected Host plant species/Common names Plant Plant Plant In Portuguese shown in quotes family Origin form

Pz~~tzc~sprssrrachani *Asparagus densflorus (Kunth.) Jess. var. Liliaceae exotic herb (Cooky. 1899) (vnv) sprengeri Hort. "aspargo-pendente" *Bauhinia variegata Linn. Fabaceae native tree "pata-de-vaca" Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Malvaceae exotic shrub "hibisco" *Mzirraya exotica Rutaceae exotic tree "falsa-murta" * *Nephrolepis exaita Schot var. foricia-rzrffle Davalliaceae native herb "samambaia-crespa"

Pirz)~ci.cpissp. (vrw) Aspleniaceae exotic herb

P.srutlr~otiidiatrilobitifom~is *Nerium oleander I,. Apocynaceae exotic shrub (Green. 1896) (drm,vrw) "espirradeira" *Ficus purnila L. Moraceae exotic tree "unha-de-gato"

Psrurla~clacaspisperztagona sp. 2 Orchidaceae herb (Targioni -Tozzetti, 1886) "orquidea" (vrw) *Ligustrurnsinense Lour. Oleaceae exotic shrub "ligustro-chin&sM

Pseuciischnuspis bowreyi * *Chrysali(iolocarpuslutecens Palmae exotic palnl (Cockerell. 1893) (vrw) "areca-bambu" tree

Seler~rrspitlrrsurticularzls * *Bvatarnia coronaria Apocynaceae exotic shrub (Morgan, 1889) (vrw) '3 asmim-cafe" *Murraya exotica Rutaceae exotic tree "falsa-murta"

Margarodidae: Icci-),a sp. (dm) Pittosporum tobira (Thunb.) Ait. Pittosporaceae exotic shrub "pitosporo-japonss'

Sooty-mold frequently was found on plants because of direct and indirect damage caused by infested by species of Ortheziidae, Pseudococcidae, these insects. and Coccidae. A large amount of sooty mold was In most cases, it was not possible to determine found on Nectandra rnegapotalnica infested by the extent of the ultimate destruction caused by Nipaecoccus 7zipae (Pseudococcidae) and on Schef- these insects because most infested hosts were flera arboricola and S. acti~zophyllainfested by treated in some way to protect them from extensive Orthezia sp. (Ortheziidae). damage. Withered and dead plants of Cordily7ze termi- ~zaliswere observed infested by P. lolzgispi7zus (Pseudococcidae) as were plants of Asparagus delz- siflorus and Murraya exotica infested by Piizlzaspis The authors gratefully acknowledge the help of strachani (Diaspididae), and Sairztpaulia io~za~ztha Dra. Vera R. dos Santos Wolff (Fundaqiio Estadual infested by Phenacoccus similis (Pseudococcidae). de Pesquisa Agropecuhria, FEPAGRO, Porto Alegre, These plants were apparently negatively impacted INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 15, No. 4, December, 2001 253

TABLE 1. Continued.

Scale insects collected Host plant specieslCommon names Plant Plant Plant in Portuguese shown in quotes family Origin form Ortheziidae Orrhezic! insignis Ardisia crenata Sims. Myrsinaceae exotic shrub Browne. 1887 (dm, alp) "ardisia" * Iresine herhstii Hook. Amaranthaceae native shrub "iresine" *Durnnta repens L. var. nuren Host. Verbenaceae native shrub "pingo-de-ouro" * *Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum Acanthaceae exotic shrub "pseudoeriintemo' * *Pachystachys lutea Nees. Acanthaceae exotic shnib "camargo-amarelo" Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Lodd. Labiatae exotic herb "coleus"

Orrllezia sp (dm, alp) Brunfelsia ungflora D. Don. Solanaceae native shrub "manaci-de-cheiro" Codiaeunt variegatum Blume. Euphorbiaceae exotic shrub "croton" Diclrorisandra tlzyrs~jloraMik. Comeliaceae native shrub Lcmarianinha" Durnnta repens L. Verbenaceae native shtub "violeteira" Eupltorbia miIii des Moulins var. ntilii Euphorbiaceae exotic shrub "coroa-de-cristo" Euphorbia milii des Moulins var. breonii Hort. Euphorbiaceae exotic shrub "coroa-de-cristo" Hibiscus syriacus L. Malvaceae exotic shrub "hibisco-colunar" Lnntczna ccrnzarr~L. Verbenaceae native shrub "camarazinho"

Sckeffrera nctinophylla Araliaceae exotic shrub "cheflera" Sclzeffleru arboricola Araiiaceae exotic shrub "che flera-pequena" Syngonium podopylu~nSchott. Araceae exotic herb "singcinio" Brazil) and Dr. Michael L. Williams (Entomology References Department, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA) for the identification of a large part of the Arruda, S. T., M. P. A. Olivette, and C. E. F. scale insects; Dra. Maria In& Salgueiro Lima Castro. 1996. Diagn6stico da Floricultura do (Departamento de Botsnica, Universidade Federal Estado de SBo Paulo. Revista Brasileira Horti- de SBo Carlos, UFSCar, SBo Carlos, Brazil) for the cultura Ornamental, Campinas, 2:l-18. identification of some plant species; and CNPq Ben-Dov, Y. 1990. Bamboo. In: David Rosen (ed.), (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico Armored scale insects. Their biology natural e Tecnol6gic0, Brazil) for their financial support. enemies and control. World Crop Pests 4B:655- We are grateful to Drs. Manya B. Stoetzel and John 660. Elsevier Science Publisher B.V., Amster- W. Brown, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, US dam. 687 p. Department of Agriculture and Avas B. Hamon, Ben-Dov, Y. 1993. A Systematic Catalogue of the Division of Plant Industry, Florida State Collection Soft Scale Insects of the World. Flora & Fauna of Arthropods, Gainesville, Florida, for their com- Handbook Number 9, Sandhill Crane Press, ments and criticisms of this manuscript. Incorporated, Gainesville, Florida. 536 p. 254 Volume 15, No. 4, December, 2001, INSECTA MUNDI

TABLE 1. Continued.

Scale insects collected Host plant species/Common names Plant Plant Plant in Portuguese shown in quotes family Origin form Pseudococcidae Fer-i.isic7 virgatu Coriineum vnriegaturn Euphorbiaceae exotic shrub (Cockerell, 1893) (dm) "cr6ton" * *Rhipsalis baccifera (Mill.)Steam Cactaceae exotic herb

Y~pclccnccustliprte **Nectand~amegapotanzica Spreng. Lauraceae nat~ve tree (Maskell. 1893) (dm) "canelinha"

Pherruc-occlrs ~nudcii-iensis *Pachystachys luten Acanthaceae exotic shrub Green. 1923 (drm) "camariio-amarelo" *Solvia splentfens Ker-Gawl. Labiatae native herb "sangue-de-adgo" Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Malvaceae exotic herb "hibisco" Acalypha wilkesiann M. Arg. Euphorbiaceae exotic shrub "acalifa" Lantana camara Verbenaceae native shrub "camarazinho"

plnr~ococc~tssp. (dnn) Oncidium varicosurn Lindl. Orchidaceae native herb "chuva-de-ouro"

Planococc~isciti-J **Krzlnnchoe blossfeldiann v. Poelln. Crassulaceae exotic shrub (Risso, 18 13) (dm~) "calancoEV

Pse~triococcusloilgispincls *Cycas circinalis Roxb. Cycadaceae exotic shrub (Targioni-Tozzetti, 1867) (dml) "cicas" * *Cordiiyne terminalis Liliaceae exotic shrub "dracena-vernlelha" * *Dracaena surculosa Lindl. Liliaceae exotic shrub "dracena-bambu"

* *Syngonium podoptzyllum Araceae exotic herb "sing8nio" * *Rosa sp. Rosaceae exotic shrub "roseira"

Pst.~rdococciissp. (dm, alp) Davallia fejeensis Davalliaceae exotic herb "renda-portuguesa" Dieffenbachia amoenn Hort. ex Gent. "comigo-ningukm-pode" Araceae exotic herb

Ben-Dov, Y. 1994. A Systematic Catalogue of the Bergmann, E. C. and M. A. V. Alexandre. 1995. Mealybugs of the World (Insecta: Homoptera: Aspectos fitossanit hrios da roseira. Boletim Tkc- Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae: Putoidae). Inter- nico do Instituto Biologico, SBo Paulo, 2:5-51. cept Ltd., Andover, UK, 686 p. Cockerell, T. D. A. 1893. Two new species of Ben-Dov, Y., D. R. Miller and G. A. P. Gibson. Pului7~ariafrom Jamaica. Transactions of the 2001. ScaleNet, Systematic Entomology Labo- Entomological Society of London 1893:159-163. ratory, Maryland, USDA, http:// Favero, S. 1996. Pragas de Plantas Ornamentais. www.se.barc.usda.gov/scalenet. Consulted Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense. February 22, 2001. Centro de Cigncias e Tecnologias Agropecuhrias. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 15, No. 4, December, 2001 255

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