LVIA Environmental Statement RES
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
LVIA Environmental Statement RES turbines of 131-150 m, and as was agreed with SNH. The location of the Study Area is shown 4. Landscape and Visual Assessment on Figure 4.1. Introduction 4.8 A zone of theoretical visibility (ZTV) map was generated, illustrating areas from where the proposed wind turbines may be visible in the Study Area. The ZTV was based on bare earth 4.1 This chapter considers the potential effects of the Proposal on: topography and therefore does not take account of potential screening by vegetation or buildings. The ZTV is used as tool for understanding where significant visual effects may Landscape as a resource in its own right (caused by changes to the constituent elements • occur. Receptors which are outside the ZTV would not be affected by the turbines of the of the landscape, its specific aesthetic or perceptual qualities and the character of the Proposal and are not considered further in this landscape and visual impact assessment landscape); and (LVIA). The ZTV to tip height (149.9 m) is shown on Figure 4.1, and the ZTV to hub height • Views and visual amenity as experienced by people (caused by changes in the (100 m) is shown on Figure 4.2. appearance of the landscape). Effects Assessed 4.2 Landscape and visual assessments are therefore distinct, but interconnected, processes. This chapter describes landscape and visual effects separately. Within each section, the 4.9 The following effects have been assessed in accordance with the principles contained within cumulative effects of the Proposal in the context of other proposed and consented wind the Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment, 3rd Edition1 (hereafter referred farms in the area are also considered, as potential future cumulative effects. The to as GLVIA3) : cumulative effects with existing wind farms are taken into account within the main • Effects on the physical landscape of the Site; assessments, as they form part of the baseline. • Effects on the perceived landscape character of Landscape Character Types (LCT) within 4.3 The assessment has been undertaken, and this chapter has been prepared, by chartered the Study Area; landscape architects at LUC. • Effects on the reasons for designation as described by key characteristics/special 4.4 This chapter should be read in conjunction with the following chapters: qualities of the designated landscapes within the Study Area, as well as the overall Integrity of designated areas, as required by SPP; • Chapter 2: Proposed Development; • Effects on receptors at representative viewpoints; • Chapter 3: Design Evolution and Alternatives; • Effects on receptors at settlements and routes in the Study Area; and • Chapter 6: Cultural Heritage; and Cumulative effects in the context of other existing, consented and proposed wind farm Chapter 7: Ecology. • • and wind turbine developments. 4.5 Figures 4.1 to 4.34 are referenced in the text where relevant, as presented in Volume 3 4.10 The key objective of the assessment is to identify and assess the likely significant landscape (Figures 4.1- 4.10) and Volume 4 (Figures 4.11 – 4.34) of this ES. and visual effects of the Proposal, as seen by people in the surrounding area. 4.6 This chapter is supported by: Effects Scoped Out • Technical Appendix 4.1 Data Sources and Visualisation Methodology; 4.11 On the basis of the desk based and survey work undertaken, the professional judgement of • Technical Appendix 4.2 Assessment Methodology; the LVIA team, experience from other relevant projects and policy guidance or standards, • Technical Appendix 4.3: Wild Land Assessment; and the following topic areas have been scoped out: • Technical Appendix 3.1: Braids. • Effects on landscape receptors beyond 40 km from the Proposal, where it is judged that Scope of Assessment potential significant effects are unlikely to occur; Study Area 1 Landscape Institute and the Institute of Environmental Assessment (2013) Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment, 3rd Edition, Routledge. 4.7 The Study Area for the assessment is defined as 40 km from the outermost turbines of the Proposal in all directions. This is as recommended in current good practice guidance for Volume 2: Environmental Statement Chapter 4: LVIA 4 - 1 Killean Wind Farm Document Ref: 03226-000696 Issue: 01 LVIA RES Environmental Statement • Effects on landscape and visual receptors that have minimal or no theoretical visibility • Policy SG LDP ENV 12 – Development Impact on National Scenic Areas; (as predicted by the ZTV) and/or very distant visibility, and are therefore unlikely to be • Policy SG LDP ENV 13 – Development Impact on Areas of Panoramic Quality; and subject to significant effects; • Policy SG LDP ENV 14 – Landscape. Effects on residential visual amenity, since the nearest inhabitable properties within the • 4.16 These polices have primarily been defined to safeguard areas of high landscape value and ZTV are located at a distance of 2.1 km from the nearest turbine2; and scenic quality. Where there are designated landscapes within the Study Area and which Cumulative effects in relation to turbines under 50 m to tip height, and single turbines • have theoretical visibility of the development, the effects of the Proposal upon the reasons beyond 5 km from the Proposal (except where otherwise stated). for designation (i.e. the overall integrity of the designated area) have been considered in this assessment. Assessment Structure 4.17 Policy LDP 6 – Supporting the Sustainable Growth of Renewables is also of relevance in 4.12 The remainder of the chapter is structured as follows: indicating the key landscape visual criteria against which all wind turbine developments would be assessed. Of relevance to this chapter, these include: • Legislation, Planning Policy & Guidelines; • Assessment Methodology; • Landscape and visual impacts, including effects on wild land; • Wind Farm Layout Design Considerations; • Impacts on communities and individual dwellings, including visual impact and residential amenity; and • Baseline Conditions; Cumulative impacts.3 • Potential Effects; • • Landscape Assessment: Operational Effects (including cumulative); ABC Supplementary Guidance 2 • Visual Assessment: Operational Effects (including cumulative); 4.18 Supplementary Guidance on Renewable Energy is provided within the Supplementary Mitigation; • Guidance 2 document, approved by ABC in June 2016. It expands upon the criteria outlined • Cumulative Analysis; and in Policy LDP 6 and sets out a Spatial Framework, as required by SPP. • Summary. 4.19 The Spatial Framework shows that part of the Site (moorland in the east) is classified as an Legislation, Planning Policy & Guidelines area of significant protection (Group 2). This is an area of Class 1 carbon rich soil, deep peat and priority peatland habitats. To the west of the forest, part of the Site (part of the 4.13 This section outlines the legislation and policy context for landscape and visual impact existing forest track) is classified as an area of significant protection (Group 2), reflecting a assessment. Legislation and policy is outlined in Chapter 1: Introduction and discussed in 2 km community separation buffer around Killean and Tayinloan. The forested area is more detail within the supporting planning statement. defined as an area with potential for wind farm development (Group 3). The turbines and infrastructure are therefore located within areas defined as Group 2 (deep peat) and Group International Legislation and Policy 3 (forested area), while part of the access track is located within the 2 km community 4.14 The European Landscape Convention highlights the importance of all landscapes and separation buffer (also Group 2). Group 2 areas within the boundary are therefore not encourages greater attention to care and planning in all landscapes, to manage change and defined as such due to the presence of nationally designated landscapes or mapped Wild ensure a forward-looking approach to management. The convention also states that all Land Areas. Paragraph 4.7 of the SG notes that Group 3 areas are areas “where SPP2014 landscapes have value, regardless of formal designations. states wind farms are likely to be acceptable, subject to detailed consideration against identified policy criteria,” and notes that this includes local landscape designations (APQ). Local Development Plan 4.20 With regards to the Argyll and Bute Landscape Wind Energy Capacity Study (discussed 4.15 The Argyll and Bute Local Development Plan (adopted March 2015) forms the current below) the Supplementary Guidance makes it clear that the study “does not form part of development framework. Key landscape policies from the Local Development Plan include: the spatial framework for wind farms”, but “should be taken into account when formulating and assessing development proposals” (paragraph 4.11). Furthermore it is noted that paragraph 4.14 refers to a Cumulative Impact Study for the Loch Awe and Kintyre 2 A Residential Visual Amenity Study has been undertaken for the proposed property at Braids, currently part of a planning application and not an inhabitable property as it stands. This is included in Technical Appendix 3.1. 3 Argyll and Bute Council (March 2015). Local Development Plan Written Statement, page 39. Volume 2: Environmental Statement Killean Wind Farm 4 - 2 Chapter 4: LVIA Document Ref: 03226-000696 Issue: 01 LVIA Environmental Statement RES Areas. This document is discussed within the Planning Statement which accompanies this ES • Extensions to operational wind farms may extend or exacerbate visual intrusion on and explains the reasons that no further consideration has been given to the Cumulative sensitive skylines above the ‘Hidden Glens’ (3) or within the narrow settled Barr Glen Impact Study within the LVIA. and Glen Lussa within this character type. Capacity Study • Cumulative effects associated with any additional wind farm development into the Mull of Kintyre Upland Forest Moor Mosaic character type (6c) in terms of views from the 4 4.21 The Argyll and Bute Landscape Wind Energy Capacity Study (2012) is a Technical Note west coast of Arran which take in the full length of the peninsula.