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Scottish Geographical Magazine the Sculpture of the Goat Fell Mountain This article was downloaded by: [Computing & Library Services, University of Huddersfield] On: 29 December 2014, At: 06:22 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Scottish Geographical Magazine Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rsgj19 The sculpture of the goat fell mountain group Frederick Mort M.A., B.Sc., F.G.S., F.R.S.G.S. Published online: 27 Feb 2008. To cite this article: Frederick Mort M.A., B.Sc., F.G.S., F.R.S.G.S. (1911) The sculpture of the goat fell mountain group, Scottish Geographical Magazine, 27:12, 632-643, DOI: 10.1080/00369221108734086 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00369221108734086 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions Downloaded by [Computing & Library Services, University of Huddersfield] at 06:22 29 December 2014 632 SCOTTISH GEOGRAPHICAL MAGAZINE. in its infancy, their prose narrative often reaches the height of clear simplicity. It is strange, however, that while in the realistic novel of Wineland, the Fortunate Isles have evidently been intermixed with the discovery of America by the Norsemen, the same happy land far out in the ocean west of Ireland was again the luring goal, when the American continent was rediscovered from England. " On the ocean that hollows the rock where ye dwell, A shadowy land has appeared, as they tell; Men thought it a region of sunshine and rest, And they called it 0 Brazil—the isle of the blest. " From year unto year, on the ocean's blue rim, The beautiful spectre showed lovely and dim; The golden clouds curtained the deep where it lay, And it looked like an Eden, away, far away !" It was to find this Fortunate Isle, Brazil, that Bristol sent out expedi- tions in 1480 and later. It was in search of this island of happiness that John Cabot left Bristol in 1497, and he found the continent of America for England. The great illusions have always played an important part in the history of Mankind. NOTE.—The two illustrations in this paper are drawn from Dr. Nansen's book, In Northern Mists, and for the use of the blocks we are indebted to the courtesy of Mr. W. Heinemann, the publisher. THE SCULPTURE OF THE GOAT FELL MOUNTAIN GROUP. By FREDERICK MORT, M.A., B.Sc., F.G.S., F.R.S.G.S. (With Map and Illustrations.) THE interpretation of the scenery of an area is one of the most fascinating problems in science, particularly when the investigator is dealing with a district so impressively beautiful as North Arran. The features of a landscape may be regarded, in mathematical language, as functions of three independent variables, structure, process, and stage. Structure involves what is generally included under the geology of the area—the nature of the rocks, their arrangement, the way in which they have been affected by subsequent movements—all these have an impor- tant effect in determining the combination of surface features that we know as scenery. Again, the appearance of the landscape depends on the nature of the processes that have been at work. Wind and water Downloaded by [Computing & Library Services, University of Huddersfield] at 06:22 29 December 2014 carve in very different ways. Ice-work is totally different from either. Just as in the sculpture of the human figure the classic sweetness and grace of Praxiteles is absolutely unlike the powerful impressionism of Rodin, so in the carving of a landscape, nature's sculptors work each THE SCULPTURE OF THE GOAT FELL MOUNTAIN GROUP. 633 in his own characteristic style, recognisable at once by the trained eye. Finally, the stage to which the process has been carried is of great importance. If the erosion of an area is in an incipient stage, the forms produced are very different from those resulting from long-continued denudation. The stage at which erosion has arrived is graphically expressed by the American use of the terms youth, maturity, and old age. The task of the geographer is by examination of the existing land- scape to deduce the original structure, to state what agencies have shaped the finished product now before his eyes, and to decide to what stage their operations have been carried. Obviously the task must often be of extreme difficulty, for one agent obliterates the work of another; it resembles the deciphering of a palimpsest which has been written on again and again. Hence, while many deductions may be soundly based, we are reduced at times to mere conjecture. Goat Fell is the best known of a group of mountains in North Arran, all of which lie within a circle five miles in diameter. Although not a single peak reaches 3000 feet in height, yet by reason of the noble sweep of their outlines, their great precipices and deep valleys, their splintered crests, and the general impression of grandeur produced by the group, they are more worthy of the term mountains than many peaks much superior in actual height. With the exception of Cir Mhor, all the peaks are the culminating points of high and narrow ridges. This arrangement is shown in the map. The ridges radiate out from Cir Mhor in a star-fish-like fashion. To the north runs the ridge of the Castles, swinging to the north-east, and terminating in Suidhe Fhearghas. To the east is the ridge that ends at Cioch na h-Oighe. South-east is the Goat Fell ridge which throws off two easterly spurs culminating in Am Binnein and Meall Breac. South-west from Cir Mhor runs the ridge of A' Chir, which divides into two, the easterly branch forming Beinn a' Chliabhain, the westerly rising into Beinn Tarsuinn and Beinn Nuis. Between these ridges lie deep glens, coires, and passes, which make North Arran a region of inexhaustible attraction to the student of nature or the mountain wanderer. Glen Rosa and Glen Sannox are by far the largest of the glens. The other valleys or coires referred to in the text are shown in the map. The structure of this district is fortunately very simple. The whole area consists of coarse granite crossed by numerous dykes of igneous rock. Round the edge of the granite there outcrops a band of schists and sedimentary rocks, but all the high peaks and ridges, and the deep valleys and coires occur in the granite. The ridges of this area are extremely rugged and serrated, giving a character of wildness to the scenery found nowhere else in Arran. The hills to the west are much smoother and softer in outline. Sir A. C. Ramsay in his Geology of Arran (1841) attributed this difference to the fact that the western area consists Downloaded by [Computing & Library Services, University of Huddersfield] at 06:22 29 December 2014 of fine granite, which is softer than the coarse, thus presenting smoother outlines, and since his time this explanation has been almost universally accepted. That the difference in the grain of the rocks has had some little effect VOL. XXVII. 2 Z Downloaded by [Computing & Library Services, University of Huddersfield] at 06:22 29 December 2014 FIG. 1.—Map of the Goat Fell area. Scale one inch to a mile. Reproduced with the sanction of the Controller of H.M. Stationery Office. THE SCULPTUEE OF THE GOAT FELL MOUNTAIN GROUP. 635 may be admitted, but it is by no means the dominating influence. For Meall nan Damh occurs in coarse granite, yet no hill in North Arran is smoother in outline. Beinn Bhreac and Beinn Bharrain are within two miles of each other, they are equal in height, and there is practically no difference in roughness of outline between the two, yet one is in the fine granite, the other in the coarse. The same thing holds for the two peaks of Sail Chalmadale. The contrast between the gashed, serrated outlines of the Goat Fell group and the tamer scenery farther west is primarily due not to a difference in structure, but to a difference in process, to a difference in FIG. 2.—Looking up Glen Sannox. The peaks shown are, from left to right, Cioch na h-Oighe, Cir Mhor, the serrated ridge leading to Caisteal Abhail, and on the extreme right Suidhe Fhearghas. (Geological Survey Collection.) the eroding agent at work or in the stage to which the process has been carried.
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