Was Jonestown a CIA Medical Experiment? a Review of the Evidence

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Was Jonestown a CIA Medical Experiment? a Review of the Evidence Was Jonestown A CIA Medical Experiment? A Review of the Evidence Michael Meiers Studies in American Religion Volume 35 The Edwin Mellen Press Lewiston/Queenston/Lampeter Library of Congress Cataloging-inPublication Data Meiers, Michael. Was Jonestown a CIA experiment?: a review of the evidence/ Michael Meiers. p. cm. — (Studies in American religion ; v. 35) Bibliography: p. Includes index. ISBN 0-88946-013-2 1. Jonestown Mass Suicide, Jonestown, Guyana, 1978. 2. Jones, Jim, 1931-1978. 3. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 4. Brainwashing. I. Title. II. Series. BP605.P46M44 1989 988* .11—dcl9 88-30698 CIP © 1988 Michael Meiers. All rights reserved. FOR INFORMATION CONTACT: THE EDWIN MELLEN PRESS P.O. Box 450 Box 67 Lewiston, New York Queenston, Ontario U.S.A. 14092 CANADA LOS 1L0 Mellen House Lampeter, Dyfed, Wales UNITED KINGDOM SA48 7DY Printed in the United States of America LIBRARY CENTRAL WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY ELLENSBURG. WASHINGTON TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page Acknowledgement Prologue I 1 Heil Hitler! 1 2 Deep Cover 25 3 From the Cradle to the Company 103 4 Three Countries, Three Commissions 127 5 A California Concentration Camp 167 6 The 'H' File Homicides 195 7 Moscone, Milk and Murder 277 8 Publicity, Provocateuring and Political Power 333 9 Of Dogs and Monkeys 351 10 It's a Jungle Out There 363 11 The Experiment 385 12 One Cookie 407 13 The White Night 415 14 Various Villains and Victims 459 15 The Phantom Preacher 519 Renegade Faction 539 Epilogue 551 Footnotes 553 Selected Bibliography 563 Index 569 "You have to put fear aside and do what you think is right.” — Leo Ryan on the eve of his visit to Jonestown. And ye shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free. — John VIII :32. The unoffi­ cial motto of the Central Intelligence Agency. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT As the author, I am solely responsible for this work but it might never have been published had it not been for the generous efforts of scores of fellow researchers, reporters, librarians and friends who gathered source material, constructively criticized early drafts of the manuscript and proofread my atrocious spelling. I appreciate your help and trust that you will understand that the omission of your names from this acknowledgement is not intended to downgrade your valuable contributions only to spare you the pain of any possible reprisal from those people who would suppress the truth about the Jonestown experiment and the assassination of Congressman Leo Ryan. Michael Meiers June 1988 PROLOGUE The Kristallnacht or Crystal Night was the name the Nazis gave to the evening of November 9, 1938; the fifteenth anniversary of Adolf Hitler's first attempt to overthrow the German government. As in years past, the Nazi Party bosses gathered to celebrate; among them was Heinrich Himmler, Reichsfurer of the SS, who had planned an event to mark the anniversary. Following the beer hall celebrations, Himmler's SS set out to assault the Jewish citizenry. Before the evening was over, 119 synagogues were set on fire, 7,500 Jewish shops were looted' or destroyed, 171 Jewish homes were burned, and 20,000 Jews were arrested and sent to newly-constructed labor camps. According to Nazi records, 36 Jews were murdered that evening. Through­ out Germany, Himmler's troops inflicted over 25 million marks worth of damage — 5 million in broken glass alone, hence the name, the Crystal Night. In the weeks that followed, German Jews were not only denied insurance claims, but were totally ousted from the economy and fined one billion marks "for their abominable crimes." German Jews had suffered persecution before, but only at the hands of roving bands of "brown shirts" who acted out of their personal prejudices under a government that turned a blind eye to their crimes. The Crystal Night was the first assault to be officially sanctioned by the German government. It was the beginning of the Holocaust. In the six and a half years that followed, over 12 million Jews and other sub-humans were exterminated in the Nazi death camps. Combined with the casualties of World War II, the death toll was a staggering 60 million. Today, outside Munich, near Dachau, the first and most infamous of the German Nazi death camps, there is a memorial to those who died in the Holocaust. Inscribed on the monument are the foreboding words of American philosopher George Santayana, "Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive it." ******************************************************* The White Night was the name the Reverend Jim Jones gave to the evening of November 18, 1978 in which over 900 of his followers died in a mass suicide/murder ritual in Jonestown, Guyana; a community they had carved from the jungles of South America. Sparked by their assassination of U.S. Congressman Leo Ryan, the predominantly Black American cultists carried out the final performance of the bizarre White Night they had rehearsed for years. Before the evening was over, 913 former U.S. citizens were dead, most from drinking a cyanide-laced concoction. For years, Jim Jones had warned his congregation that the Nazis had infiltrated the Central Intelligence Agency and other departments of the federal government to stage a second holocaust; this time against the Blacks and Native Americans. He claimed their only chance of survival was under his protection in the safe haven of Jonestown. Jones1 warnings were correct, but he neglected to tell his congregation that it was he who was helping to perpetrate the coming ethnic war in America. Jonestown was a medical field test in mind control designed to evaluate two auspicious behavior modification drugs on a representative cross-section of Black and Native American citizens. The unwitting human guinea pigs were divided into three test groups. Three hundred received small dosages of drug A on a regular basis, three hundred received drug B and the remaining three hundred acted as the control group and received no drugs at all. Jim Jones then staged the only definitive test of his control; he asked his followers to commit suicide. Those who did so voluntarily were considered under control, those who refused were murdered and the results so noted in the extensive medical records that are still missing to this day. Jones and several of his top aides were in the employ of the Central Intelligence Agency at the time of the experiment; making the White Night the first U.S. government sanctioned persecution of a native minority in peacetime. The 913 dead are important, but not as important as the yet untold millions who will die if the results of the Jonestown experiment are implemented in society. As the earth’s resources steadily deplete, a second holocaust becomes more and more probable but, unlike the first, there will be no goosestepping Nazis, swastikas, concentration camps or gas ovens. People will just drop dead en masse or be reduced to zombie-like slaves to serve a master race. All that remains of the ultimate experiment that made this grim future possible are photographs of the carnage and one in particular. Surrounded by a field of corpses, over the simple, unadorned throne of Jim Jones hung the following hand-painted wooden sign: "Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it." ******************* ************************************ Some say the evil was born in Jim Jones, others say it is inherent in the CIA, still others claim the true source is the Nazis who infiltrated the CIA, and then there are those few who believe it all began with some quasi-religious group founded in the Dark Ages. One might as well say the evil was born with time and will die with time. In order to detail the story within the confines of a book, this work will explore the forty years of ethnic weaponry between the Crystal Night and the White Night. Eight years have passed since the Jonestown "tragedy" or "mass suicide" or "massacre" or "suicide/murder" or "the greatest crime of the century" - no one has really been able to define the event. One author has suggested that it was so unique as to be called "The Event." By now, almost all of the first hand accounts have been published. They are surprisingly consistent in the details of Who? What? When? Where?, but the critical answers to How? and Why? are either misinterpreted, misrepresented or, more commonly, outright omitted. Historic events, like Jonestown, are never understood as they occur or even within a few years after they occur. It takes time to verify and collate the various eyewitness accounts into a comprehensive overview and to place that overview in V the course of history. To date, most reports about Jonestown are autobiographies tainted by the author’s defense of his involvement with Jim Jones and the Peoples Temple. Some are deliberate cover-ups, but most are just subjective and extremely limited in scope. Assuming the intentions of the eyewitness are honest, that he has not been deceived or overly influenced by his emotions and has 100% recall, what he reports is reality, but an extremely limited reality as he has no knowledge of anything that occurred outside his field of vision. An eyewitness to Jonestown can no more write an accurate history of the event than a soldier in the trenches could write a history of World War I. Such first hand accounts do provide valuable source material, but the definitive history will be a conglomeration of all such accounts; a second generation book, and that is precisely the intention herein. Although this work reaches entirely different conclusions, it agrees with most of what has been published on the subject of Jonestown.
Recommended publications
  • Union Members Face Challenges
    Published by the International Longshore and Warehouse Union DISPATCHER www.ilwu.org VOL 74, NO 11 • DECEMBER 2016 THE INSIDE NEWS HOLIDAY BOOKS 4&5 ILWU members help Alaska public radio survive 7 ILWU Canada members fight to protect maritime jobs 8 TRANSITIONS 7 Getting out the vote in Missouri: Local 5 member Ron Solomon talks with a Missouri voter about the issues facing working class Americans. The ILWU sent teams to support pro-union candidates in six states. Trump stuns the establishment; union ILWU solidarity helps Hanjin seafarers defend their right to shore leave page 6 members face challenges onald Trump stunned the scapegoating, racism and threats to have that were gone now because the political establish- of violence that Trump used to of NAFTA,” said Local 6 member ment on November 8 manipulate media coverage and tap Victor Pamiroyan who travelled to D into dangerous hate politics. Nobody Ohio with Erik Ferrel of the IBU with a knockout blow to can say for sure whether Sanders and Local 5’s Mark Sailor and Ron conventional wisdom and would have prevailed over Trump Solomon. The quartet hoped to corporate liberalism, delivered if he were running instead of Clin- win support for pro-union Sen- by angry working-class voters. ton, but he did prove it was possible ate candidate Ted Strickland, but “America’s working class has to win big support from working quickly came to realize how hard been frozen out or falling behind class and independent voters in their task was to reach voters who for three decades while the upper Michigan and Wisconsin who em- had been hammered by decades of crust has been partying with braced Sanders over Clinton in both job losses.
    [Show full text]
  • The BET HIP-HOP AWARDS '09 Nominees Are in
    The BET HIP-HOP AWARDS '09 Nominees Are In ... Kanye West Leads The Pack With Nine Nominations As Hip-Hop's Crowning Night Returns to Atlanta on Saturday, October 10 and Premieres on BET Tuesday, October 27 at 8:00 p.m.* NEW YORK, Sept.16 -- The BET HIP-HOP AWARDS '09 nominations were announced earlier this evening on 106 & PARK, along with the highly respected renowned rapper, actor, screenwriter, film producer and director Ice Cube who will receive this year's "I AM HIP-HOP" Icon Award. Hosted by actor and comedian Mike Epps, the hip-hop event of the year returns to Atlanta's Boisfeuillet Jones Civic Center on Saturday, October 10 to celebrate the biggest names in the game - both on the mic and in the community. The BET HIP-HOP AWARDS '09 will premiere Tuesday, October 27 at 8:00 PM*. (Logo: http://www.newscom.com/cgi-bin/prnh/20070716/BETNETWORKSLOGO ) The Hip-Hop Awards Voting Academy which is comprised of journalists, industry executives, and fans has nominated rapper, producer and style aficionado Kanye West for an impressive nine awards. Jay Z and Lil Wayne follow closely behind with seven nominations, and T.I. rounds things off with six nominations. Additionally, BET has added two new nomination categories to this year's show -- "Made-You-Look Award" (Best Hip Hop Style) which will go to the ultimate trendsetter and "Best Hip-Hop Blog Site," which will go to the online site that consistently keeps hip-hop fans in the know non-stop. ABOUT ICE CUBE Veteran rapper, Ice Cube pioneered the West Coast rap movement back in the late 80's.
    [Show full text]
  • Jim Jones Spike Lee
    Jim jones spike lee FRED THE GODSON KICKS OFF PROMO FOR HIS UPCOMING RELEASE "GORDO FREDERICO" IN THIS. Fred the Godson ft Jim Jones - Spike Lee on location video shoot - Duration: Jace Media 6, views. DOWNLOAD LINK: Fred The Godson Ft Jim Jones. Spike Lee Instrumental. Stream Spike Lee (Feat. Jim Jones) by FREDTHEGODSON from desktop or your mobile device. New York City!!!!! in the house love seeing uptown niggas working together, doing there thing and showing the. Fred The Godson Ft Jim Jones And Plf Dblock Spike Lee D Block Remix mp3. Fred The FRED DA GODSON FEAT JIM JONES " SPIKE LEE " 3. Download Mixtape | Free Mixtapes Powered by Fred The Godson releases a video for, "Spike Lee,' and his new mixtape, "Gordo. Behind The Scenes: Fred The Godson “Spike Lee” (feat. music video shoot for Fred The Godson's record “Spike Lee” featuring Jim Jones. Fred The Godson – Spike Lee (feat. Jim Jones). By GHØST August 15, Jim Jones Song: “Spike Lee” Producer: AlistFame. Mixtape. 25), Jim Jones and his partner of 11 years Chrissy Lampkin in a recent NYC Will Screen Spike Lee's 'Crooklyn' To Unite The People And. Explore Spike Lee, Hip Hop Videos, and more! All I Want for Christmas is My Two Front Teeth - Spike Jones · Front TeethChristmas MusicMerry. Video: Fred The Godson (@fredthegodson) Ft Jim Jones (@jimjonescapo) “Spike Lee”. jim jones gigabyte ft avon carter jimjonescapo download free mp3. Fred The Godson x Jim Jones - Spike Lee - AlistFame. AlistFame. 1K Plays. 2K Downloads. Download View Profile. $ Your Name. Email Address. Fresh off releasing is Gordo Frederico mixtape earlier today, Fred The Godson drops off visuals for his Spike Lee tribute featuring Jim Jones.
    [Show full text]
  • A New World Tragedy $13.95
    ... - Joumey to Nowhere A NEW WORLD TRAGEDY $13.95 Rarely does a book come along which so transcends its apparent subject that the reader is ultimately given something larger, richer, and more revealing than he might initially have imagined. Already published in Eng­ land to overwhelming acclaim (see back of jacket), Shiva Naipaul’s Journey to Nowhere is such a book — a “power­ ful, lucid, and beautifully written book” (The Spectator) that is destined to be one of the most controversial works of 1981. In it, this major writer takes us far beyond the events and surface details surrounding the tragedy of Jones­ town and the People’s Temple —and gives us his remark­ able, unique perspective on the deadly drama of ideas, environments, and unholy alliances that shaped those events both in Guyana and, even more significantly, in America. Journey to Nowhere is, on one level, a “brilliantly edgy safari” (New Statesman) inside the Third World itself—a place of increasing importance in our lives—and on another, a book about America, about the corrupt and corrupting ideologies and chi-chi politics of the past twenty years that enabled the Reverend Jim Jones and the Temple to flourish and grow powerful in California and Guyana. Drawing on interviews —with former members of the Temple, various officials, and such people as Buckmin­ ster Fuller, Huey Newton, Clark Kerr, and others —on documents, and most importantly, on his own strong, clear reactions to what he observed, Naipaul examines the Guyana of Forbes Bumham, the CIA stooge turned Third World socialist leader, whose stated ideals of socialism, racial brotherhood, and cooperative agricul­ tural enterprise coincided so neatly, we learn for the first time, with those of the People’s Temple — ideals that led all too easily to violence and death.
    [Show full text]
  • 2015-005890Des
    Landmark Designation Case Report Hearing Date: October 5, 2016 Case No.: 2015-005890DES Project Address: 546-548 Fillmore Street, 554 Fillmore Street, 735 Fell Street, 660 Oak Street Zoning: RM-3 Residential-Mixed, Medium Density; RM-1 Residential- Mixed, Low Density Block/Lot: 0828/021, 0828/022, 0828/022A, 0828/012 Property Owner: Noe Vista LLC 3265 17th St., Ste. 403 San Francisco, CA 94110 554 Fillmore Street LLC 1760 Mission St. San Francisco, CA 94103 Staff Contact: Shannon Ferguson – (415) 575-9074 [email protected] Reviewed By: Tim Frye – (415) 575-6822 [email protected] PROPERTY DESCRIPTION & SURROUNDING LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT The Sacred Heart Parish Complex is situated on four contiguous lots on the city block bounded by Fillmore Street to the west, Fell Street to the north, Webster Street to the east, and Oak Street to the south in the Western Addition neighborhood, a largely residential neighborhood characterized by three and four story multi-family buildings. Sacred Heart Church (1898, 1909) is set at the southeast corner of Fillmore and Fell streets. Sacred Heart School (1926) is immediately east of the church on Fell Street. The rectory (ca. 1891, 1906) is immediately south of the church on Fillmore Street. The convent (1936) fronts Oak Street. An adjacent lot associated with the convent contains a paved parking area. The four lots converge in the center of the block to form an enclosed school yard. PROJECT DESCRIPTION The case before the Historic Preservation Commission is the consideration of the initiation of landmark designation of Sacred Heart Parish Complex as a San Francisco landmark under Article 10 of the Planning Code, Section 1004.1, and recommending that the Board of Supervisors approve of such designation.
    [Show full text]
  • Personal Identity in the Criminal Law
    University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Repository Faculty Scholarship at Penn Law 2018 Patty Hearst Reconsidered: Personal Identity in the Criminal Law Kimberly Kessler Ferzan University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Ethics and Political Philosophy Commons, Law and Philosophy Commons, Law Enforcement and Corrections Commons, Philosophy of Mind Commons, and the Public Law and Legal Theory Commons Repository Citation Ferzan, Kimberly Kessler, "Patty Hearst Reconsidered: Personal Identity in the Criminal Law" (2018). Faculty Scholarship at Penn Law. 2326. https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship/2326 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship at Penn Law by an authorized administrator of Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Patty Hearst Reconsidered: Personal Identity in the Criminal Law Kimberly Kessler Ferzan* I cannot imagine that there is single criminal law professor or student who does not know Joshua Dressler’s name. Between his casebook,1 his treatise,2 and his voluminous publications,3 Dressler’s reach has encompassed the entirety of criminal law (and this is ignoring his similar mastery of criminal procedure).4 Despite the breadth of his reach, Dressler has also always made time to mentor. Somehow he finds the time to read drafts and engage with arguments from the countless scholars across the country who ask it of him. And his advice is both kind and critical.
    [Show full text]
  • The Edgar Mittelholzer Memorial Lectures
    BEACONS OF EXCELLENCE: THE EDGAR MITTELHOLZER MEMORIAL LECTURES VOLUME 3: 1986-2013 Edited and with an Introduction by Andrew O. Lindsay 1 Edited by Andrew O. Lindsay BEACONS OF EXCELLENCE: THE EDGAR MITTELHOLZER MEMORIAL LECTURES - VOLUME 3: 1986-2013 Preface © Andrew Jefferson-Miles, 2014 Introduction © Andrew O. Lindsay, 2014 Cover design by Peepal Tree Press Cover photograph: Courtesy of Jacqueline Ward All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form without permission. Published by the Caribbean Press. ISBN 978-1-907493-67-6 2 Contents: Tenth Series, 1986: The Arawak Language in Guyanese Culture by John Peter Bennett FOREWORD by Denis Williams .......................................... 3 PREFACE ................................................................................. 5 THE NAMING OF COASTAL GUYANA .......................... 7 ARAWAK SUBSISTENCE AND GUYANESE CULTURE ........................................................................ 14 Eleventh Series, 1987. The Relevance of Myth by George P. Mentore PREFACE ............................................................................... 27 MYTHIC DISCOURSE......................................................... 29 SOCIETY IN SHODEWIKE ................................................ 35 THE SELF CONSTRUCTED ............................................... 43 REFERENCES ....................................................................... 51 Twelfth Series, 1997: Language and National Unity by Richard Allsopp CHAIRMAN’S FOREWORD
    [Show full text]
  • Martin Luther King Jr., Cesar Chavez, and the Images of Their Movements
    MIXED UP IN THE MAKING: MARTIN LUTHER KING JR., CESAR CHAVEZ, AND THE IMAGES OF THEIR MOVEMENTS A Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School University of Missouri-Columbia In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by ANDREA SHAN JOHNSON Dr. Robert Weems, Jr., Dissertation Supervisor MAY 2006 © Copyright by Andrea Shan Johnson 2006 All Rights Reserved The undersigned, appointed by the Dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled MIXED UP IN THE MAKING: MARTIN LUTHER KING JR., CESAR CHAVEZ AND THE IMAGES OF THEIR MOVEMENTS Presented by Andrea Shan Johnson A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of History And hereby certify that in their opinion it is worthy of acceptance. __________________________________________________________ Professor Robert Weems, Jr. __________________________________________________________ Professor Catherine Rymph __________________________________________________________ Professor Jeffery Pasley __________________________________________________________ Professor Abdullahi Ibrahim ___________________________________________________________ Professor Peggy Placier ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I owe thanks to many people for helping me in the completion of this dissertation. Thanks go first to my advisor, Dr. Robert Weems, Jr. of the History Department of the University of Missouri- Columbia, for his advice and guidance. I also owe thanks to the rest of my committee, Dr. Catherine Rymph, Dr. Jeff Pasley, Dr. Abdullahi Ibrahim, and Dr. Peggy Placier. Similarly, I am grateful for my Master’s thesis committee at Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Dr. Annie Gilbert Coleman, Dr. Nancy Robertson, and Dr. Michael Snodgrass, who suggested that I might undertake this project. I would also like to thank the staff at several institutions where I completed research.
    [Show full text]
  • Product List
    Product Information AVAILABLE BARCODE PACKED PRODUCT NARRATIVE SIZES BY Classic Pepper 3 oz/ 85 g 7 33553 04103 36 x 1 This fiery pepper sauce is the result of a 5.5 oz/ 155 g 7 33553 04255 24 x 1 delicate fermentation process of ground Scotch Sauce Bonnet peppers. All natural and fat free. 14 oz/ 397 g 7 33553 04314 24 x 1 5.5 oz/ 155 g 7 33553 05155 24 x 1 Award winning Baron West Indian Hot Sauce. West Indian Hot A truly West Indian Hot Sauce made from 14 oz/ 397 g 7 33553 05214 24 x 1 fresh, wholesome peppers blended with Sauce 28 oz/ 794 g 7 33553 05428 12 x 1 mustard to create its very own individual piquant flavor. 128 oz/ 4 L 7 33553 05340 4 x 1 Blazing Pepper 5.5 oz/ 155 g 7 33553 82405 1 24 x 1 This fiery pepper sauce is the result of a delicate process of ground Scotch Bonnet Sauce 14 oz/ 397 g 7 33553 82414 3 24 x 1 peppers. 5.5 oz/ 155 g 7 33553 06155 24 x 1 14 oz/ 397 g 7 33553 06114 24 x 1 Add pizzazz to beef, veal, lamb, pork, poultry, Cooking Sauce 28 oz/ 794 g 7 33553 06328 12 x 1 seafood and vegetables with this new exciting sauce. Use generously before or after cooking. 1 gal /4 L 7 33553 06340 4 x 1 5.5 oz/ 155 g 7 33553 15455 24 x 1 A real time and energy saver! This exotic Green 14 oz/ 397 g 7 33553 15112 24 x 1 combination of tropical herbs and seasonings Seasoning 28 oz/ 794 g 7 33553 15328 12 x 1 adds a fresh unique flavor to food and makes it so easy to serve the most tempting dishes.
    [Show full text]
  • THE NATIONAL TELEVISION ACADEMY PRESENTS the 33Rd ANNUAL DAYTIME EMMY AWARDS in a THREE-HOUR TELECAST on ABC
    THE NATIONAL TELEVISION ACADEMY PRESENTS THE 33rd ANNUAL DAYTIME EMMY AWARDS IN A THREE-HOUR TELECAST ON ABC For the First Time, The Daytime Emmy Awards Were Held in Hollywood at the Famed Kodak Theatre NEW YORK, NY – April 28, 2006 – The 33rd Annual Daytime Emmy® Awards were presented by the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences at Hollywood’s Kodak Theatre tonight and telecast live on the ABC Television Network (8-11 PM, ET; tape delay to the West Coast). The black-tie gala ceremony, which marked the first time in its 33-year history that the Daytime Emmy Awards were presented in Hollywood, was hosted by Tom Bergeron (“Dancing with the Stars,” “America’s Funniest Home Videos”) and Kelly Monaco (“General Hospital”). The three-hour star-studded telecast opened with Award-winning actor and musician Rick Springfield (“General Hospital’s” Dr. Noah Drake) performing a mix of his best music – including his worldwide megahit, “Jesse’s Girl.” Daytime Emmy Awards were presented for performances and programs in 15 categories, including Outstanding Lead Actor/Actress in a Drama Series, Outstanding Game Show Host, Outstanding Talk Show, Outstanding Pre-School Children’s Series and Outstanding Drama Series. Presenters included Chandra Wilson, Kate Walsh and James Pickens, Jr. (“Grey’s Anatomy”), Rachel Ray (“The Rachel Ray Show”), Tyra Banks (“The Tyra Banks Show”), Judge Judy Sheindlin (“Judge Judy”); Lisa Rinna and Ty Treadway (“Soap Talk”); Barbara Walters, Meredith Vieira, Star Jones Reynolds, Joy Behar and Elisabeth Hasselbeck (“The View”), and dozen of stars from all the Emmy- nominated daytime dramas. On April 22, Daytime Emmy Awards were presented primarily in the creative arts categories at the Marriott Marquis Hotel in New York City and at the Grand Ballroom at Hollywood and Highland in Los Angeles.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gradual Loss of African Indigenous Vegetables in Tropical America: a Review
    The Gradual Loss of African Indigenous Vegetables in Tropical America: A Review 1 ,2 INA VANDEBROEK AND ROBERT VOEKS* 1The New York Botanical Garden, Institute of Economic Botany, 2900 Southern Boulevard, The Bronx, NY 10458, USA 2Department of Geography & the Environment, California State University—Fullerton, 800 N. State College Blvd., Fullerton, CA 92832, USA *Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected] Leaf vegetables and other edible greens are a crucial component of traditional diets in sub-Saharan Africa, used popularly in soups, sauces, and stews. In this review, we trace the trajectories of 12 prominent African indigenous vegetables (AIVs) in tropical America, in order to better understand the diffusion of their culinary and ethnobotanical uses by the African diaspora. The 12 AIVs were selected from African reference works and preliminary reports of their presence in the Americas. Given the importance of each of these vegetables in African diets, our working hypothesis was that the culinary traditions associated with these species would be continued in tropical America by Afro-descendant communities. However, a review of the historical and contemporary literature, and consultation with scholars, shows that the culinary uses of most of these vegetables have been gradually lost. Two noteworthy exceptions include okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and callaloo (Amaranthus viridis), although the latter is not the species used in Africa and callaloo has only risen to prominence in Jamaica since the 1960s. Nine of the 12 AIVs found refuge in the African- derived religions Candomblé and Santería, where they remain ritually important. In speculating why these AIVs did not survive in the diets of the New World African diaspora, one has to contemplate the sociocultural, economic, and environmental forces that have shaped—and continue to shape—these foodways and cuisines since the Atlantic slave trade.
    [Show full text]
  • War Against the Panthers: a Study of Repression in America
    War Against The Panthers: A Study Of Repression In America HUEY P. NEWTON / Doctoral Dissertation / UC Santa Cruz 1jun1980 WAR AGAINST THE PANTHERS: A STUDY OF REPRESSION IN AMERICA A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of: DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in HISTORY OF CONSCIOUSNESS by Huey P. Newton June 1980 PREFACE There has been an abundance of material to draw upon in researching and writing this dissertation. Indeed, when a friend recently asked me how long I had been working on it, I almost jokingly replied, "Thirteen years—since the Party was founded." 1 Looking back over that period in an effort to capture its meaning, to collapse time around certain significant events and personalities requires an admitted arbitrariness on my part. Many people have given or lost their lives, reputations, and financial security because of their involvement with the Party. I cannot possibly include all of them, so I have chosen a few in an effort to present, in C. Wright Mills' description, "biography as history." 2 This dissertation analyzes certain features of the Party and incidents that are significant in its development. Some central events in the growth of the Party, from adoption of an ideology and platform to implementation of community programs, are first described. This is followed by a presentation of the federal government's response to the Party. Much of the information presented herein concentrates on incidents in Oakland, California, and government efforts to discredit or harm me. The assassination of Fred Hampton, an important leader in Chicago, is also described in considerable detail, as are the killings of Alprentice "Bunchy" Carter and John Huggins in Los Angeles.
    [Show full text]