Fixing the Agenda, the Struggle for Women's Equality, Holistic Politics
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Caton 1998 National Library Bibiiothaue nationaIe 1+B of,,, du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographic Services sew-ces bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. rue WelIington Ottawa ON K1A ON4 OttawaON K1AON4 Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accorde me licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant a la National Library of Canada to Bibliotheque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, preter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette these sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfichelfih, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format electronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriete du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protege cette these. thesis nor substantial extracts eom it Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent &e imprimes reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation, FIXING THE AGENDA: THE STRUGGLE FOR WOMEN'S EQUALITY, HOLISTIC POLITICS AND TRANSFORMA= PRACTICE IN TORONTO'S URBAN RENEWAL MOVEMENT by Lisa M. Caton A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Adult Education, Community Development and Counselling Psychology Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto 1998 Abstract This study examines women's experience, holistic politics and transformative practice in Toronto's sustainable transportation movement, a sub-section of the broader urban renewal and environmental movements. Sources for this study include reflection on the researcher's own experience within the movement as well as formal. open-ended interviews with women practitioners/activists in the movement. The research shows that women's participation and the question of who has power to set priorities and receive recognition for their work, are significant issues and impact upon both the political culture and the overall political effectiveness of the movement. Women's claims for equality, recognition, respect and status are, in fact, an intrinsic part of building a more effective and holistic politics for the sustainable transportation movement. The findings of this study also may have relevance beyond the sustainable transportation movement to other environmental, community and neighbourhood groups as well. Acknowledgments Researching and writing this thesis has been a long, challenging process. I could not imagine all the years of working on this project without the love and friendship of my husband and lifepartner, Gordon Laird. His belief both in me and this project have been beneficial beyond words. Special thanks to my mother, Charlotte Caton, who has provided her support, encouragement, and especially her love over the years. I am thrilled that our theses will sit side by side on the library bookshelf at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (OISE). I have benefited from the exchange of ideas and support from numerous professors and students at OISE. Of these, I would particularly like to thank my academic mentor and thesis supervisor Angela Miles. She consistently encouraged and challenged me intellectually; her interest in this project has made it both a more enjoyable process and a better piece of research. I am also appreciative of thesis committee member Margrit Eichler's constructive feedback. Marilyn Struthers, of my thesis support group, helped to reduce the isolation of thesis-writing early on. My friends and colleagues in Toronto's sustainable transportation movement are a constant source of inspiration. In particular, I have been sustained by the wisdom, moral support and generous encouragement of Sue Zielinski and Lesley Wood. Several other people gave important feedback on the ideas or on drafts of the chapters including Lyn Adamson, Barb Brook, Joan Doiron, Lois James, Gillian Kranias, Sally McKay, Lisa Salsberg and Nancy Smith Lea. A short leave in the summer of 1997 was made possible by my employer, the Ontario Healthy Communities Coalition, and enabled me to write the original draft of this thesis. This research study has been an important part of my life for over four years. There have been times my motivation and energy waned. Through this long process, I have been encouraged by the women who took an interest in this study. 1 have learned an enormous amount and will be forever grateful to the women who participated in this study and who opened up their homes and lives to me. I am inspired by their work, their insight, their creativity and their commitment. I hope that this research gives back to women in the sustainable transportation movement at least a small portion of what I have gained. Contents Abstract Acknowledgments Chapter 1 .introduction and Chapter Outline Introduction Holistic Politics & Transformative Practice Gender Politics Chapter Outline Chapter 2 .Toronto's Sustainable Transportation Movement Holistic and Ecological Perspectives The Celebratory Approach Campaigners and Community Developers Working with Government Organizing Tactics Politics of Transformation Summary Chapter 3 .Issues of Women's Inequality in Social Movements Developing Dialogue Leadership Professional ization Vanguard ism Women's Roles in Social Movements Sex Objects Violence Vision Summary Chapter 4 .Holistic Transformative Practice Women's Community Organizing Ends and Means Building the Movement Leaders hip With The People Fixers Winning DiaIecticaI Politics Summary Chapter 5 .Methodology Research Approach The Researcher Feminist Activist Research Research Procedure Site Selection Selection of Participants Data Collection Participant Observation The Participants Data Analysis Validity and Reliability Bias and Error Summary Chapter 6 .Women's Experience. Gender and Political Practice Recognition of Gender Issues Experts and Expert Organizations Fixed and Open Agendas Professionalization Summary Chapter 7 .Women's Experience. Holistic and Transformative Practice Ends and Means Thinkers and Linkers Product and Process Upreach and Outreach The Knower and the Known Leaders and the Led Centralization and Decentralization Conclusion Appendix A .Letter to Participants Appendix B .Interview Schedule Appendix C .Follow up Letter to Participants References Chapter 1 Introduction and Chapter Outline Introduction This study examines women's experiences, holistic politics and transformative practice in Toronto's sustainable transportation movement. "Sustainable transportation" is a diverse, vibrant movement that brings together people from urban renewal organizations, environmental movements, and community and neighbourhood groups to address issues of air quality, city planning, equity, access, cycling, walking, public transit, rail and land use. The primary vision of the movement is to create transportation alternatives to auto and fossil fuel dependent society and culture. Like most social movements, issues of gender infuse much of its work; however, the sustainable transportation movement has yet to develop a critical, internal dialogue on gender issues and concerns. As in other movements there has been some reluctance to develop a dialogue on the relationship between gender politics2 and the movement's political culture. When this study began to take shape in 1994, it was little more than an inkling of a discussion that seemed to be waiting to happen. I had been active in community, neighbourhood and environmental organizing in Toronto's multi-faceted urban renewal movement. Specifically, the sustainable transportation sub-section of