CDCI) Andrii Neronov (UNIGE) Space Astronomical Data Landscape at the Astronomy Department (DA) of UNIGE

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

CDCI) Andrii Neronov (UNIGE) Space Astronomical Data Landscape at the Astronomy Department (DA) of UNIGE Common Data Centre Infrastructure for Astronomy, Astropar4cle and Cosmology (CDCI) Andrii Neronov (UNIGE) Space astronomical data landscape at the Astronomy Department (DA) of UNIGE INTEGRAL Planck GAIA POLAR Ground segment Ground segment Ground segment Science data Centre ContribuDon to the Data processing centre data analysis pipeline Scienfic leadership is the key point for the successful ground segment / data centre acDviDes: – data analysis algorithms are iniDally developed / tested by sciensts who are moDvated to extract most of the observaonal data – the algorithms are incorporated into consistent data analysis framework by scien4sts + soCware engineers – the framework is validated and conDnuously improved through the feedback of scienDfic community exploiDng the data Operaon of the science data centre provides “proximity” of the data favouring a wide range of high impact science results and good visibility in astronomical and broad scienDfic community. Space astronomical data landscape at the Astronomy Department (DA) of UNIGE INTEGRAL Planck GAIA POLAR Past / ongoing Future Athena Science Data Centre Data processing centre Science Operaons Centre Ground segment Ground segment Ground segment Science data Centre EUCLID CHEOPS Data Centre / ground segment acDviDes for missions in preparaon profit from previous development. Projects could profit from “cross-breeding”. Space astronomical data landscape at the Astronomy Department (DA) of UNIGE INTEGRAL Planck microwave GAIA Hard X-ray / gamma-ray POLAR visible Hard X-ray /gamma-ray visible Athena visible X-ray EUCLID CHEOPS Ground segment / data centre development experDse could be successfully extended across different domains of electromagneDc spectrum. Space / ground-based astronomical data landscape at the Astronomy Department (DA) of UNIGE INTEGRAL Planck microwave GAIA Hard X-ray / gamma-ray POLAR visible Hard X-ray /gamma-ray visible Athena visible X-ray EUCLID CHEOPS very-high-energy gamma-ray radio Ground segment / data centre development experDse could be extended to ground-based observatories. CTA SKA Space / ground-based astronomical data landscape at the Astronomy Department (DA) of UNIGE, LASTRO (EPFL) Parcle and Nuclear Physics Department (DPNC) Theorecal Physics Department (DPT) INTEGRAL Planck microwave GAIA (DA+DPT) Hard X-ray / gamma-ray POLAR (DA+DPNC) visible Hard X-ray /gamma-ray visible Athena visible X-ray EUCLID (DA+DPT) (UNIGE+EPFL) CHEOPS very-high-energy gamma-ray radio CTA (DA+DPNC) SKA (UNIGE+EPFL) Space / ground-based astronomy / astropar4cle data landscape at the Astronomy Department (DA) of UNIGE, LASTRO (EPFL) Parcle and Nuclear Physics Department (DPNC) Theorecal Physics Department (DPT) INTEGRAL Planck microwave GAIA (DA+DPT) Hard X-ray / gamma-ray POLAR (DA+DPNC) visible Hard X-ray /gamma-ray visible Athena visible X-ray EUCLID (DA+DPT) CHEOPS very-high-energy gamma-ray HERD EUSO radio gamma-ray/ cosmic ray CTA (DA+DPNC) SKA Astronomy / cosmology /astropar4cle physics landscape at the Astronomy Department (DA) of UNIGE, LASTRO (EPFL) Parcle and Nuclear Physics Department (DPNC) Theorecal Physics Department (DPT) INTEGRAL Planck GAIA POLAR Astronomy Cosmology Astronomy Astronomy Athena Astronomy/ Cosmology Astronomy Astronomy/ EUCLID (DA+DPT) CHEOPS Cosmology EUSO Astronomy/ HERD AstroparDcle physics Astronomy/ AstroparDcle physics Astronomy/ Ground segment / data centre development experDse could be extended to Cosmology CTA A range of astronomy / cosmology / astroparDcle physics projects. SKA Astronomy / cosmology /astropar4cle physics landscape at the Astronomy Department (DA) of UNIGE, LASTRO (EPFL) Parcle and Nuclear Physics Department (DPNC) Theorecal Physics Department (DPT) INTEGRAL Planck GAIA POLAR Added value to the data due to the Astronomy MulD-wavelength / mulD-messenger Cosmology Astronomy aspect Astronomy Athena Astronomy/ Cosmology Astronomy Astronomy/ EUCLID (DA+DPT) CHEOPS Cosmology EUSO Astronomy/ HERD AstroparDcle physics Astronomy/ AstroparDcle physics Astronomy/ Ground segment / data centre development experDse could be extended to Cosmology CTA A range of astronomy / cosmology / astroparDcle physics projects. SKA Common Data Centre Infrastructure for Astronomy, Astropar4cle and Cosmology Astronomy UNIGE INTEGRAL and/or SSO CDCI Planck GAIA PI PI PI PI PI PI PI PI PI PI Project scientist PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM System POLAR INTEGRAL GAIA EUCLID CTA Administration DAMPE Storage Storage Storage Storage Astro Storage CPU Data CPU CPU CPU CPU Bank Common infrastructure CHEOPS PLATO POLAR HERD Storage Storage Storage Storage CPU CPU CPU MulD-wavelength / mulD- CPU Athena messenger data analysis system Astronomy Physics Coherent infrastructure for development and operaon of science data centre(s): – support for future data centre / ground segment projects in the domains of astronomy, EUCLID (DA+DPT) astroparDcle physics and cosmology; CHEOPS – long-term preservaon of astronomical data and data analysis tools of past missions / projects; – mul-mission / mul-wavelength / mul-messenger HERD astronomical data archives / public data EUSO access / data analysis system; – reusability of public data sets / reproducibility of scienDfic results. Proposal for the Swiss Roadmap for Research Infrastructures for 2017-2020: – reviewed with the highest grade; – recommended for implementaon in 2017-2020 period. CTA SKA Common Data Centre Infrastructure for Astronomy, Astropar4cle and Cosmology INTEGRAL Planck GAIA Microwaves: fluctuaons of cosmic Visible light: MoDon of stars in the microwave background measure the Milky Way allow to measure the Dark Dark MaSer and Dark Energy in the MaSer content of the local Galaxy POLAR X-rays are used to pinpoint the Universe 13 billion years ago. new parDcles forming the Dark MaSer Athena Visible light: distribuDon of galaxies measures the Dark MaSer and Dark Energy in the Universe today / yesterday. X-rays trace the Dark MaSer in galaxy clusters forming today. EUCLID (DA+DPT) CHEOPS HERD EUSO Cosmic rays, gamma-rays and neutrinos are used to pinpoint the new parDcles forming the Dark MaSer Radio waves from galaxies trace Dark MaSer and Dark Energy back Gamma-rays are used to pinpoint the at the moment of galaxy formaon. new parDcles forming the Dark MaSer CTA SKA Common Data Centre Infrastructure for Astronomy, Astropar4cle and Cosmology Astronomy UNIGE INTEGRAL and/or SSO CDCI Planck GAIA PI PI PI PI PI PI PI PI PI PI Project scientistPOLAR PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM System INTEGRAL GAIA EUCLID CTA Administration DAMPE Storage Storage Storage Storage Storage Astro CPU Data CPU CPU CPU CPU Bank Common infrastructure CHEOPS PLATO POLAR HERD Storage Storage Storage Storage CPU CPU CPU MulD-wavelength / mulD- CPU Athena messenger data analysis system Astronomy Physics Coherent infrastructure for development and operaon of science data centre(s): – support for future data centre / ground segment projects in the domains of astronomy, EUCLID (DA+DPT) astroparDcle physics and cosmology; CHEOPS – long-term preservaon of astronomical data and data analysis tools of past missions / projects; HERD EUSO – mul-mission / mul-wavelength / mul-messenger astronomical data archives / public data access / data analysis system; – reusability of public data sets / reproducibility of scienDfic results. Proposal for the Swiss Roadmap for Research Infrastructures for 2017-2020: – reviewed with the highest grade; – recommended for implementaon in 2017-2020 period. CTA SKA Common Data Centre Infrastructure for Astronomy, Astropar4cle and Cosmology INTEGRAL Planck GAIA POLAR ~10-30 TB ~50 TB … 600 TB Past / ongoing Future Athena mul-PB 500 TB EUCLID (DA+DPT) CHEOPS HERD EUSO mul-10 PB 100 PB (?) CTA SKA Common Data Centre Infrastructure for Astronomy, Astropar4cle and Cosmology INTEGRAL Planck GAIA POLAR ~10-20 TB (compressed) ~50 TB Past / ongoing General public Future Scientists users Athena mul-PB Scientists users Scientists users Scientists users Scientists users Scientists users CDCI 500 TB (UNIGE) EUCLID GAIA INTEGRAL CTA Astro Data Bank other data services: SIMBAD, NED, EUCLID (DA+DPT) CHEOPS HEASARC, ... HERD EUSO AstroCloud IDSS (EPFL) Common / shared compuDng? Storage Storage Storage Storage CPU CPU CPU CPU Storage CPU mul-10 PB EPFL+UNIGE+SNSC+ EOSC+.... 100 PB (?) CTA SKA Common Data Centre Infrastructure for Astronomy, Astropar4cle and Cosmology Coherent infrastructure for development and operaon of science data centre(s): – support for future data centre / ground segment projects in the domains of astronomy, astroparDcle physics and cosmology; – long-term preservaon of astronomical data and data analysis tools of past missions / projects; – mul-mission / mul-wavelength / mul-messenger astronomical data archives / public data access / data analysis system; – reusability of public data sets / reproducibility of scienDfic results. Proposal for the Swiss Roadmap for Research Infrastructures for 2017-2020: – reviewed with the highest grade; – recommended for implementaon in 2017-2020 period. Scienfic leadership is the key point for the successful data centre acDviDes: – data analysis algorithms are iniDally developed / tested by sciensts who are moDvated to extract most of the observaonal data – the algorithms are incorporated into consistent data analysis framework by scien4sts + soCware engineers – the framework is validated and conDnuously improved through the feedback of scienDfic community exploiDng the data Operaon of the science data centre provides “proximity” of the data favouring a wide range of high impact science results and good visibility in astronomical and broad scienDfic community. Data Centre / ground segment acDviDes for missions in preparaon profit from previous development. Projects could profit from “cross-breeding”. .
Recommended publications
  • The Planck Satellite and the Cosmic Microwave Background
    The Cosmic Microwave Background, Dark Matter and Dark Energy Anthony Lasenby, Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory and Kavli Institute for Cosmology, Cambridge Overview The Cosmic Microwave Background — exciting new results from the Planck Satellite Context of the CMB =) addressing key questions about the Big Bang and the Universe, including Dark Matter and Dark Energy Planck Satellite and planning for its observations have been a long time in preparation — first meetings in 1993! UK has been intimately involved Two instruments — the LFI (Low — e.g. Cambridge is the Frequency Instrument) and the HFI scientific data processing (High Frequency Instrument) centre for the HFI — RAL provided the 4K Cooler The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) So what is the CMB? Anywhere in empty space at the moment there is radiation present corresponding to what a blackbody would emit at a temperature of ∼ 2:74 K (‘Blackbody’ being a perfect emitter/absorber — furnace with a small opening is a good example - needs perfect thermodynamic equilibrium) CMB spectrum is incredibly accurately black body — best known in nature! COBE result on this showed CMB better than its own reference b.b. within about 9 minutes of data! Universe History Radiation was emitted in the early universe (hot, dense conditions) Hot means matter was ionised Therefore photons scattered frequently off the free electrons As universe expands it cools — eventually not enough energy to keep the protons and electrons apart — they History of the Universe: superluminal inflation, particle plasma,
    [Show full text]
  • Coryn Bailer-Jones Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
    What will Gaia do for the disk? Coryn Bailer-Jones Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg IAU Symposium 254, Copenhagen June 2008 Acknowledgements: DPAC, ESA, Astrium 1 Gaia in a nutshell • high accuracy astrometry (parallaxes, proper motions) • radial velocities, optical spectrophotometry • 5D (some 6D) phase space survey • all sky survey to G=20 (1 billion objects) • formation, structure and evolution of the Galaxy • ESA mission for launch in late 2011 2 Gaia capabilities Hipparcos Gaia Magnitude limit 12.4 G = 20.0 No. sources 120 000 1 000 000 000 quasars 0 1 million galaxies 0 10 million Astrometric accuracy ~ 1000 μas 12-25 μas at G=15 100-300 μas at G=20 Photometry 2 bands spectra 330-1000 nm Radial velocities none 1-10 km/s to G=17 Target selection input catalogue real-time onboard selection 3 How the accuracy varies • astrometric errors dominated by photon statistics • parallax error: σ(ϖ) ~ 1/√flux ~ distance, d for fixed MV • fractional parallax error: σ(ϖ)/ϖ ~ d2 • fractional distance error: fde ~ d2 • transverse velocity accuracy: σ(v) ~ d2 • Example accuracy • K giant at 6 kpc (G=15): fde = 2%, σ(v) = 1 km/s • G dwarf at 2 kpc (G=16.5): fde = 8%, σ(v) = 0.4 km/s 4 Distance statistics 8kpc At larger distances may use spectroscopic parallaxes 100 000 stars with fde <0.1% 11 million stars with fde <1% panther-observatory.com NGC4565 from Image: 150 million stars with fde <10% 5 Payload overview 6 Instruments 7 Radial velocity spectrograph • R=11 500 • CaII triplet (848-874 nm) • more detailed APE for V < 14 (still millions of stars) 8 Spectrophotometry Figure: Anthony Brown Anthony Figure: Dispersion: 7-15 nm/pixel (red), 4-32 nm/pixel (blue) 9 Stellar parameters • Infer via pattern recognition (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Interferometric Orbits of New Hipparcos Binaries
    Interferometric orbits of new Hipparcos binaries I.I. Balega1, Y.Y. Balega2, K.-H. Hofmann3, E.V. Malogolovets4, D. Schertl5, Z.U. Shkhagosheva6 and G. Weigelt7 1 Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences [email protected] 2 Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences [email protected] 3 Max-Planck-Institut fur¨ Radioastronomie [email protected] 4 Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences [email protected] 5 Max-Planck-Institut fur¨ Radioastronomie [email protected] 6 Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences [email protected] 7 Max-Planck-Institut fur¨ Radioastronomie [email protected] Summary. First orbits are derived for 12 new Hipparcos binary systems based on the precise speckle interferometric measurements of the relative positions of the components. The orbital periods of the pairs are between 5.9 and 29.0 yrs. Magnitude differences obtained from differential speckle photometry allow us to estimate the absolute magnitudes and spectral types of individual stars and to compare their position on the mass-magnitude diagram with the theoretical curves. The spectral types of the new orbiting pairs range from late F to early M. Their mass-sums are determined with a relative accuracy of 10-30%. The mass errors are completely defined by the errors of Hipparcos parallaxes. 1 Introduction Stellar masses can be derived only from the detailed studies of the orbital motion in binary systems. To test the models of stellar structure and evolution, stellar masses must be determined with ≈ 2% accuracy. Until very recently, accurate masses were available only for double-lined, detached eclipsing binaries [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Gaianir Combining Optical and Near-Infra-Red (NIR) Capabilities with Time-Delay-Integration (TDI) Sensors for a Future Gaia-Like Mission
    Proposal title: GaiaNIR Combining optical and Near-Infra-Red (NIR) capabilities with Time-Delay-Integration (TDI) sensors for a future Gaia-like mission. PI: Dr. David Hobbs, Lund Observatory, Box 43, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden. Email: [email protected]. Tel.: +46-46-22 21573 Core team members: The following minimum team is needed to initiate the project. D. Hobbs Lund Observatory, Sweden. A. Brown Leiden Observatory, Holland. A. Mora Aurora Technology B.V., Spain. C. Crowley HE Space Operations B.V., Spain. N. Hambly University of Edinburgh, UK. J. Portell Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, ICCUB-IEEC, Spain. C. Fabricius Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, ICCUB-IEEC, Spain. M. Davidson University of Edinburgh, UK. Proposal writers: See Appendix A. Other supporting scientists: See Appendix B and Appendix C. Senior science advisors: E. Høg Copenhagen University (Retired), Denmark. L. Lindegren Lund Observatory, Sweden. C. Jordi Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, ICCUB-IEEC, Spain. S. Klioner Lohrmann Observatory, Germany. F. Mignard Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, France. arXiv:1609.07325v2 [astro-ph.IM] 22 May 2020 Fig. 1: Left is an IR image from the Two Micron All-Sky Survey (image G. Kopan, R. Hurt) while on the right an artist’s concept of the Gaia mission superimposed on an optical image, (Image ESA). Images not to scale. 1 1. Executive summary ESA recently called for new “Science Ideas” to be investigated in terms of feasibility and technological developments – for tech- nologies not yet sufficiently mature. These ideas may in the future become candidates for M or L class missions within the ESA Science Program.
    [Show full text]
  • Herschel, Planck to Look Deep Into Cosmos
    Jet APRIL Propulsion 2009 Laboratory VOLUME 39 NUMBER 4 Herschel, Planck to look In a cleanroom at Centre Spatial Guy- deep into anais, Kourou, French Guyana, the Herschel spacecraft is raised cosmos from its transport con- tainer to begin launch Thanks in large part to the preparations. contributions of instruments By Mark Whalen and technologies developed by JPL, long-range views of the universe are about to become much clearer. European European Space Agency When the European Space Agency’s Herschel and wavelengths, continuing to move further into the far like the Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based Planck missions take to the sky together, onboard will infrared. There’s overlap with Spitzer, but Herschel telescopes to view galaxies in the billions, and millions be JPL’s legacy in cosmology studies. extends the range: Spitzer’s wavelength range is 3.5 to more with spectroscopy. In comparison, in the far infra- The pair are scheduled for launch together aboard an 160 microns; Herschel will go from 65 to 672 microns. red we have maybe a few hundred pictures of galaxies Ariane 5 rocket from Kourou, French Guyana on April Herschel’s mirror is much bigger than Spitzer’s and its that emit primarily in the far-infrared, but we know they 29. Once in orbit, Herschel and Planck will be sent angular resolution at the same wavelength will be sub- are important in a cosmological sense, and just the tip on separate trajectories to the second Lagrange point stantially better. of the iceberg. With Herschel, we will see hundreds of (L2), outside the orbit of the moon, to maintain an ap- “Herschel is really critical for studying important pro- thousands of galaxies, detected right at the peak of the proximately constant distance of 1.5 million kilometers cesses like how stars are formed,” said Paul Goldsmith, wavelengths they emit.” (900,000 miles) from Earth, in the opposite direction NASA Herschel project scientist and chief technologist A large fraction of the time with Herschel will be than the sun from Earth.
    [Show full text]
  • Epo in a Multinational Context
    →EPO IN A MULTINATIONAL CONTEXT Heidelberg, June 2013 ESA FACTS AND FIGURES • Over 40 years of experience • 20 Member States • Six establishments in Europe, about 2200 staff • 4 billion Euro budget (2013) • Over 70 satellites designed, tested and operated in flight • 17 scientific satellites in operation • Six types of launcher developed • Celebrated the 200th launch of Ariane in February 2011 2 ACTIVITIES ESA is one of the few space agencies in the world to combine responsibility in nearly all areas of space activity. • Space science • Navigation • Human spaceflight • Telecommunications • Exploration • Technology • Earth observation • Operations • Launchers 3 →SCIENCE & ROBOTIC EXPLORATION TODAY’S SCIENCE MISSIONS (1) • XMM-Newton (1999– ) X-ray telescope • Cluster (2000– ) four spacecraft studying the solar wind • Integral (2002– ) observing objects in gamma and X-rays • Hubble (1990– ) orbiting observatory for ultraviolet, visible and infrared astronomy (with NASA) • SOHO (1995– ) studying our Sun and its environment (with NASA) 5 TODAY’S SCIENCE MISSIONS (2) • Mars Express (2003– ) studying Mars, its moons and atmosphere from orbit • Rosetta (2004– ) the first long-term mission to study and land on a comet • Venus Express (2005– ) studying Venus and its atmosphere from orbit • Herschel (2009– ) far-infrared and submillimetre wavelength observatory • Planck (2009– ) studying relic radiation from the Big Bang 6 UPCOMING MISSIONS (1) • Gaia (2013) mapping a thousand million stars in our galaxy • LISA Pathfinder (2015) testing technologies
    [Show full text]
  • EUCLID Mission Assessment Study
    EUCLID Mission Assessment Study Executive Summary ESA Contract. No. 5856/08/F/VS September 2009 EUCLID– Mapping the Dark Universe EUCLID is a mission to study geometry and nature of the dark universe. It is a medium-class mission candidate within ESA's Cosmic Vision 2015– 2025 Plan for launch around 2017. EUCLID has been derived by ESA from DUNE and SPACE, two complementary Cosmic Vision proposals addressing questions on the origin and the constitution of the Universe. 70% Dark Energy The observational methods applied by EUCLID are shape and redshift measure- ments of galaxies and clusters of galaxies. To 4% Baryonic Matter this end EUCLID is equipped with 3 scientific instruments: 26% Dark Matter • Visible Imager (VIS) • Near-Infrared Photometer (NIP) • Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIS) The EUCLID Mission Assessment Study is the industrial part of the EUCLID assessment phase. The study has been performed by Astrium from September 2008 to September 2009 and is intended for space segment definition and programmatic evaluation. The prime responsibility is with Astrium GmbH (Friedrichshafen, Germany) with support from Astrium SAS (Toulouse, France) and Astrium Ltd (Stevenage, UK). EUCLID Mission EUCLID shall observe 20.000 deg2 of the extragalactic sky at galactic latitudes |b|>30 deg. The sky is sampled in step & b>30° stare mode with instantaneous fields of about 0.5 deg2 . Nominally a strip of about 20 deg in latitude is scanned per day (corresponding to about 1 deg in longitude). galactic plane step 1 b<30° step 2 step 3 The sky is nominally observed along great circles in planes perpendicular to the Sun- spacecraft axis (SAA=0).
    [Show full text]
  • Michael Perryman
    Michael Perryman Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge (1977−79) European Space Agency, NL (1980−2009) (Hipparcos 1981−1997; Gaia 1995−2009) [Leiden University, NL,1993−2009] Max-Planck Institute for Astronomy & Heidelberg University (2010) Visiting Professor: University of Bristol (2011−12) University College Dublin (2012−13) Lecture program 1. Space Astrometry 1/3: History, rationale, and Hipparcos 2. Space Astrometry 2/3: Hipparcos science results (Tue 5 Nov) 3. Space Astrometry 3/3: Gaia (Thu 7 Nov) 4. Exoplanets: prospects for Gaia (Thu 14 Nov) 5. Some aspects of optical photon detection (Tue 19 Nov) M83 (David Malin) Hipparcos Text Our Sun Gaia Parallax measurement principle… Problematic from Earth: Sun (1) obtaining absolute parallaxes from relative measurements Earth (2) complicated by atmosphere [+ thermal/gravitational flexure] (3) no all-sky visibility Some history: the first 2000 years • 200 BC (ancient Greeks): • size and distance of Sun and Moon; motion of the planets • 900–1200: developing Islamic culture • 1500–1700: resurgence of scientific enquiry: • Earth moves around the Sun (Copernicus), better observations (Tycho) • motion of the planets (Kepler); laws of gravity and motion (Newton) • navigation at sea; understanding the Earth’s motion through space • 1718: Edmond Halley • first to measure the movement of the stars through space • 1725: James Bradley measured stellar aberration • Earth’s motion; finite speed of light; immensity of stellar distances • 1783: Herschel inferred Sun’s motion through space • 1838–39: Bessell/Henderson/Struve
    [Show full text]
  • Joint UV Survey Telescope
    S. Basa, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, France distant sample of SMBHs, which in turn, hold the greatest promise of extending the existing M-σ relation beyond current limitations by revealing dormant SMBHs in galactic nuclei [15,16]. Finally is the class of unknown transients for which we currently lack both predictions and detections. This class represents a significant area of discovery space that only a wide-field The transientand sensitivesky X-ray transient “machine” can uniquely explore. In the sections below, we outline the importance of extending our knowledge of known, predicted, and unknown X-ray transients, on par with the on-going ground-based technological efforts to advance our understanding of the dynamic sky at optical (LSST) and radio (SKA pathfinders) wavelengths. Sky is intrinsically variable!! • Hard X-ray monitoring instruments show a restless X-ray sky (Swift-BAT, INTEGRAL, MAXI).! ! distant sample of SMBHs, which in turn, hold the greatest promise of extending the existing ! M-σ relation beyond current limitations by revealing dormant SMBHs in galactic nuclei [15,16]. Finally is the class of unknown transients for which we currently lack both predictions and Time domain astronomy still in its infancy, but detections. This class represents a significant area of discovery space that only a wide-field and sensitive X-ray transient “machine” can uniquely explore. In the sections below, we outline theSoderberg et al. 2009 importance of extending our knowledge of known, predicted, and unknown X-ray should quickly evolve especially at optical (PTF, transients, on par with the on-going ground-based technological efforts to advance our understanding of the dynamic sky at optical (LSST) and radio (SKA pathfinders)EXPLORING wavelengths.
    [Show full text]
  • NASA Program & Budget Update
    NASA Update AAAC Meeting | June 15, 2020 Paul Hertz Director, Astrophysics Division Science Mission Directorate @PHertzNASA Outline • Celebrate Accomplishments § Science Highlights § Mission Milestones • Committed to Improving § Inspiring Future Leaders, Fellowships § R&A Initiative: Dual Anonymous Peer Review • Research Program Update § Research & Analysis § ROSES-2020 Updates, including COVID-19 impacts • Missions Program Update § COVID-19 impact § Operating Missions § Webb, Roman, Explorers • Planning for the Future § FY21 Budget Request § Project Artemis § Creating the Future 2 NASA Astrophysics Celebrate Accomplishments 3 SCIENCE Exoplanet Apparently Disappears HIGHLIGHT in the Latest Hubble Observations Released: April 20, 2020 • What do astronomers do when a planet they are studying suddenly seems to disappear from sight? o A team of researchers believe a full-grown planet never existed in the first place. o The missing-in-action planet was last seen orbiting the star Fomalhaut, just 25 light-years away. • Instead, researchers concluded that the Hubble Space Telescope was looking at an expanding cloud of very fine dust particles from two icy bodies that smashed into each other. • Hubble came along too late to witness the suspected collision, but may have captured its aftermath. o This happened in 2008, when astronomers announced that Hubble took its first image of a planet orbiting another star. Caption o The diminutive-looking object appeared as a dot next to a vast ring of icy debris encircling Fomalhaut. • Unlike other directly imaged exoplanets, however, nagging Credit: NASA, ESA, and A. Gáspár and G. Rieke (University of Arizona) puzzles arose with Fomalhaut b early on. Caption: This diagram simulates what astronomers, studying Hubble Space o The object was unusually bright in visible light, but did not Telescope observations, taken over several years, consider evidence for the have any detectable infrared heat signature.
    [Show full text]
  • Cosmic Vision and Other Missions for Space Science in Europe 2015-2035
    Cosmic Vision and other missions for Space Science in Europe 2015-2035 Athena Coustenis LESIA, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon Chair of the Solar System and Exploration Working Group of ESA Member of the Space Sciences Advisory Committee of ESA Cosmic Vision 2015 - 2025 The call The call for proposals for Cosmic Vision missions was issued in March 2007. This call was intended to find candidates for two medium-sized missions (M1, M2 class, launch around 2017) and one large mission (L1 class, launch around 2020). Fifty mission concept proposals were received in response to the first call. From these, five M-class and three L- class missions were selected by the SPC in October 2007 for assessment or feasibility studies. In July 2010, another call was issued, for a medium-size (M3) mission opportunity for a launch in 2022. Also about 50 proposals were received for M3 and 4 concepts were selected for further study. Folie Cosmic Vision 2015 - 2025 The COSMIC VISION “Grand Themes” 1. What are the conditions for planetary formation and the emergence of life ? 2. How does the Solar System work? 3. What are the physical fundamental laws of the Universe? 4. How did the Universe originate and what is it made of? 4 COSMIC VISION (2015-2025) Step 1 Proposal selection for assessment phase in October 2007 . 3 M missions concepts: Euclid, PLATO, Solar Orbiter . 3 L mission concepts: X-ray astronomy, Jupiter system science, gravitational wave observatory . 1 MoO being considered: European participation to SPICA Selection of Solar Orbiter as M1 and Euclid JUICE as M2 in 2011.
    [Show full text]
  • ARIEL Payload Design Description
    Doc Ref: ARIEL-RAL-PL-DD-001 ARIEL Payload ARIEL Payload Design Issue: 2.0 Consortium Description Date: 15 February 2017 ARIEL Consortium Phase A Payload Study ARIEL Payload Design Description ARIEL-RAL-PL-DD-001 Issue 2.0 Prepared by: Date: Paul Eccleston (RAL Space) Consortium Project Manager Reviewed by: Date: Kevin Middleton (RAL Space) Payload Systems Engineer Approved & Date: Released by: Giovanna Tinetti (UCL) Consortium PI Page i Doc Ref: ARIEL-RAL-PL-DD-001 ARIEL Payload ARIEL Payload Design Issue: 2.0 Consortium Description Date: 15 February 2017 DOCUMENT CHANGE DETAILS Issue Date Page Description Of Change Comment 0.1 09/05/16 All New document draft created. Document structure and headings defined to request input from consortium. 0.2 24/05/16 All Added input information from consortium as received. 0.3 27/05/16 All Added further input received up to this date from consortium, addition of general architecture and background section in part 4. 0.4 30/05/16 All Further iteration of inputs from consortium and addition of section 3 on science case and driving requirements. 0.5 31/05/16 All Completed all additional sections except 1 (Exec Summary) and 8 (Active Cooler), further updates and iterations from consortium including updated science section. Added new mass budget and data rate tables. 0.6 01/06/16 All Updates from consortium review of final document and addition of section 8 on active cooler (except input on turbo-brayton alternative). Updated mass and power budget table entries for cooler based on latest modelling. 0.7 02/06/16 All Updated figure and table numbering following check.
    [Show full text]