Cosmic Vision and Other Missions for Space Science in Europe 2015-2035
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Michael Garcia Hubble Space Telescope Users Committee (STUC)
Hubble Space Telescope Users Committee (STUC) April 16, 2015 Michael Garcia HST Program Scientist [email protected] 1 Hubble Sees Supernova Split into Four Images by Cosmic Lens 2 NASA’s Hubble Observations suggest Underground Ocean on Jupiter’s Largest Moon Ganymede file:///Users/ file:///Users/ mrgarci2/Desktop/mrgarci2/Desktop/ hs-2015-09-a-hs-2015-09-a- web.jpg web.jpg 3 NASA’s Hubble detects Distortion of Circumstellar Disk by a Planet 4 The Exoplanet Travel Bureau 5 TESS Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite CURRENT STATUS: • Downselected April 2013. • Major partners: - PI and science lead: MIT - Project management: NASA GSFC - Instrument: Lincoln Laboratory - Spacecraft: Orbital Science Corp • Agency launch readiness date NLT June 2018 (working launch date August 2017). • High-Earth elliptical orbit (17 x 58.7 Earth radii). Standard Explorer (EX) Mission PI: G. Ricker (MIT) • Development progressing on plan. Mission: All-Sky photometric exoplanet - Systems Requirement Review (SRR) mapping mission. successfully completed on February Science goal: Search for transiting 12-13, 2014. exoplanets around the nearby, bright stars. Instruments: Four wide field of view (24x24 - Preliminary Design Review (PDR) degrees) CCD cameras with overlapping successfully completed Sept 9-12, 2014. field of view operating in the Visible-IR - Confirmation Review, for approval to enter spectrum (0.6-1 micron). implementation phase, successfully Operations: 3-year science mission after completed October 31, 2014. launch. - Mission CDR on track for August 2015 6 JWST Hardware Progress JWST remains on track for an October 2018 launch within its replan budget guidelines 7 WFIRST / AFTA Widefield Infrared Survey Telescope with Astrophysics Focused Telescope Assets Coronagraph Technology Milestones Widefield Detector Technology Milestones 1 Shaped Pupil mask fabricated with reflectivity of 7/21/14 1 Produce, test, and analyze 2 candidate 7/31/14 -4 10 and 20 µm pixel size. -
Cosmic Vision 2015-2025
Space Science Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 Eight new mission proposals selected for ESA’s future scientific programme that proposed the mission. The space research com- The Science Mission Team defines a model payload munity’s long-term goals and ESA engineering teams for their research pro- undertake the technical grammes are to maintain assessment. The aim of the Assessment Phase is the present level of re- to define the mission to a search satellites in orbit sufficient level to show the around 2018 – 20 as scientific value and technical feasibility. well as working with and The main objectives evaluating possible new of the Definition Phase are missions. to establish the cost and implementation schedule In October, after a Space Science for the project. At the end Advisory Committee meeting (SSAC), of the definition phase, the candidate missions were selected for the Prime Contractor for further assessment and consideration for the Implementation Phase launch in 2017/2018. is selected. Competition That is the result of the Cosmic between potential Prime Contractors is necessary. It Vision 2015-2025’s Call for Proposals LISA (Laser Interferometer Space is also essential that the design and costing announced earlier this year. The response Antenna) moved from Cosmic Vision 2005- is based on the actual mission, i.e. with the was enormous and many interesting fields 2015. were represented in the proposals that selected PI (Principal Investigator) funded were presented. Fifty new proposals were instruments and selected new technologies, presented, twice the amount of proposals so that the competing contractors have compared to the previous ESA calls in a firm basis on which to make their Read more about the selected 1999. -
Gaia and WEAVE/Wxes: Supporting the PLATO Exoplanet Hunter Nicholas Walton Institute of Astronomy University of Cambridge
Gaia and WEAVE/WxES: supporting The PLATO Exoplanet Hunter Nicholas Walton Institute of Astronomy University of Cambridge WEAVE – Gaia – PLATO a winning planet hunter combo • Gaia releases its first all sky astrometric catalogues late 2017 • WEAVE begins on sky operations in 2018 • PLATO begins its planet hunt in 2024 • Why are these events linked? • Finding and characterising extra solar planets requires a detailed knowledge of the host stars • And it helps to know your target stars before you observe them 6 March 2015 Nic Walton - WEAVE/Plato @ MOS ING - La Palma 2 PLATO set for 2024 6 March 2015 Nic Walton - WEAVE/Plato @ MOS ING - La Palma 3 … but first … Gaia’s role in planets Recall Carme Jordi’s talk earlier this week 6 March 2015 Nic Walton - WEAVE/Plato @ MOS ING - La Palma 4 Gaia launched 19 Dec 2013 a powerful complement to PLATO NGC 1818 in LMC 212x212 arcsec2 (~1% of AF FoV) 2.85s integration time 6 March 2015 Nic Walton - WEAVE/Plato @ MOS ING - La Palma 5 Gaia End-of-Mission Parallax Errors Apply factors of ~ 0.7 and ~ 0.5 for positions and proper motions Figure from http://www.rssd.esa.int/index.php?project=GAIA&page=Science_Performance Non-uniformity over the sky: 2 70% – 116% 1 PLATO stars 1. bright-star regime (calibration errors, CCD saturation) 2. photon-noise regime, with sky-background noise and electronic noise setting in around G ~ 20 mag (equivalent to V = 20 to 22) 6 March 2015 Nic Walton - WEAVE/Plato @ MOS ING - La Palma 6 Gaia Performance (at IOCR) http://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/science-performance Typical -
Presentation of Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 to Community
Cosmic Vision 2015 – 2025 ESA’s new long term plan for space science Missions in preparation Bepi-Colombo 2012 Lisa 2014 Corot Herschel-Planck (CNES-ESA) 2007 . 2006 JWST (NASA-ESA) Astro-F 2011 (Japan-ESA) 2006 Lisa- Venus Express Pathfinder 2009 Gaia Solar . 2005 Microscope 2011-12 Orbiter (CNES-ESA) 2015 2008 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Cosmic Vision process • Cosmic Vision 2015 –2025 process launched on 2 April 04 with call for Science themes • 1June 04: deadline for proposal submission • July 04: Analysis of responses by the ESA Science advisory bodies (AWG, SSWG, FPAG, SSAC) • 15-16 September 04: Workshop in Paris (~400 participants) • Nov 04: progress report to SPC • Spring 05: presentation of Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 to community • May 05: Endorsement of Cosmic Vision by SPC Grand themes 1. What are the conditions for life and planetary formation? 2. How does the Solar System work. 3. What are the fundamental laws of the Universe? 4. How did the Universe originate and what is it made of? 1. What are the conditions for life and planetary formation? 1.1 From gas and dust to stars and planets. 1.2 From exo-planets to bio-markers. 1.3 Life and habitability in the Solar System 2. How does the Solar System work ? 2.1 From the Sun to the edge of the Solar System 2.2 The building blocks of the Solar System, gaseous giants and their moons Solar System Roadmap (1) 2015-2025 Look at Small Scales! Understand Space plasmas EARTH MAGNETOSPHERIC SWARM, SOLAR POLAR ORBITER, HELIOPAUSE PROBE 2020 Go Outward! Explore the outer Solar System JUPITER & EUROPA PROBE Solar System Roadmap (2) 2015-2020 Look for Life! Everywhere in Solar System Mars rovers and sample return, Europa Probe 2020-2025 Seek Ground Truth! Land on NEOs, Moons, Planets,look below surface, return samples Jupiter and Europa Probe, NEO Sample Return 3. -
HD 97658 and Its Super-Earth Spitzer & MOST Transit Analysis and Seismic Modeling of the Host Star
The space photometry revolution CoRoT3-KASC7 joint meeting HD 97658 and its super-Earth Spitzer & MOST transit analysis and seismic modeling of the host star Valerie Van Grootel (University of Liege, Belgium) M. Gillon (U. Liege), D. Valencia (U. Toronto), N. Madhusudhan (U. Cambridge), D. Dragomir (UC Santa Barbara), and the Spitzer team 1. Introducing HD 97658 and its super-Earth The second brightest star harboring a transiting super-Earth HD 97658 (V=7.7, K=5.7) HD 97658 b, a transiting super-Earth • • Teff = 5170 ± 50 K (Howard et al. 2011) Discovery by Howard et al. (2011) from Keck- Hires RVs: • [Fe/H] = -0.23 ± 0.03 ~ Z - M sin i = 8.2 ± 1.2 M • d = 21.11 ± 0.33 pc ; from Hipparcos P earth - P = 9.494 ± 0.005 d (Van Leeuwen 2007) orb • Transits discovered by Dragomir et al. (2013) with MOST: RP = 2.34 ± 0.18 Rearth From Howard et al. (2011) From Dragomir et al. (2013) Valerie Van Grootel – CoRoT/Kepler July 2014, Toulouse 2 2. Modeling the host star HD 97658 Rp α R* 2/3 Mp α M* Radial velocities Transits + the age of the star is the best proxy for the age of its planets (Sun: 4.57 Gyr, Earth: 4.54 Gyr) • With Asteroseismology: T. Campante, V. Van Eylen’s talks • Without Asteroseismology: stellar evolution modeling Valerie Van Grootel – CoRoT/Kepler July 2014, Toulouse 3 2. Modeling the host star HD 97658 • d = 21.11 ± 0.33 pc, V = 7.7 L* = 0.355 ± 0.018 Lsun • +Teff from spectroscopy: R* = 0.74 ± 0.03 Rsun • Stellar evolution code CLES (Scuflaire et al. -
Asteroseismology with Corot, Kepler, K2 and TESS: Impact on Galactic Archaeology Talk Miglio’S
Asteroseismology with CoRoT, Kepler, K2 and TESS: impact on Galactic Archaeology talk Miglio’s CRISTINA CHIAPPINI Leibniz-Institut fuer Astrophysik Potsdam PLATO PIC, Padova 09/2019 AsteroseismologyPlato as it is : a Legacy with CoRoT Mission, Kepler for Galactic, K2 and TESS: impactArchaeology on Galactic Archaeology talk Miglio’s CRISTINA CHIAPPINI Leibniz-Institut fuer Astrophysik Potsdam PLATO PIC, Padova 09/2019 Galactic Archaeology strives to reconstruct the past history of the Milky Way from the present day kinematical and chemical information. Why is it Challenging ? • Complex mix of populations with large overlaps in parameter space (such as Velocities, Metallicities, and Ages) & small volume sampled by current data • Stars move away from their birth places (migrate radially, or even vertically via mergers/interactions of the MW with other Galaxies). • Many are the sources of migration! • Most of information was confined to a small volume Miglio, Chiappini et al. 2017 Key: VOLUME COVERAGE & AGES Chiappini et al. 2018 IAU 334 Quantifying the impact of radial migration The Rbirth mix ! Stars that today (R_now) are in the green bins, came from different R0=birth Radial Migration Sources = bar/spirals + mergers + Inside-out formation (gas accretion) GalacJc Center Z Sun R Outer Disk R = distance from GC Minchev, Chiappini, MarJg 2013, 2014 - MCM I + II A&A A&A 558 id A09, A&A 572, id A92 Two ways to expand volume for GA • Gaia + complementary photometric information (but no ages for far away stars) – also useful for PIC! • Asteroseismology of RGs (with ages!) - also useful for core science PLATO (miglio’s talk) The properties at different places in the disk: AMR CoRoT, Gaia+, K2 + APOGEE Kepler, TESS, K2, Gaia CoRoT, Gaia+, K2 + APOGEE PLATO + 4MOST? Predicon: AMR Scatter increases towards outer regions Age scatter increasestowars outer regions ExtracGng the best froM GaiaDR2 - Anders et al. -