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Home , Cosmic Vision, LISA Pathfinder

LISA and ESA’s 2015-2025 Programme

J. Clavel Head, Mission Division, Science Directorate of ESA

7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, 16-June-2008 Missions in preparation

HeHerschel-rschel- Planck BBeepipi-C-Cololombomboo 2008 CoroCorott 2008 20132013 (CNES-ESA)(CNES-ESA) Lisa-Pathfinder 20062006 Lisa-Pathfinder 20102010

Chandrayan GaiaGaia Chandrayan SolarSolar (ISRO-ESA) 20112011 (ISRO-ESA) JWSJWSTT OrbiterOrbiter 20082008 (NASA-ESA-CSA)(NASA-ESA-CSA)(ESA-NASA)(ESA-NASA) MicroscopeMicroscope 20132013 20152015 (CNES-ESA)(CNES-ESA) 20102010

20052005 20062006 20072007 20082008 20092009 20102010 20112011 20122012 20132013 20142014 20152015 20162016 20172017

7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, 16-June-2008 ESA’sESA’s newnew longlong termterm planplan forfor spacespace sciencescience

7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, 16-June-2008 Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 process

• Call for Science Themes in Spring 2004 • Responses analysed by ESA’s advisory structure in July 2004 • Workshop with community in Paris in September 2004 (400 participants) • Spring 2005: the Cosmic Vision Plan was presented to the community • Plan should cover one decade, with 3 Calls for Missions planned

7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, 16-June-2008 Four “Grand Themes” identified

1. What are the conditions for life and planetary formation? 2. How does the work? 3. What are the fundamental laws of the ? 4. How did the Universe originate and what is it made of?

7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, 16-June-2008 Cosmic Vision process

• First “Call for Missions” issued in 1st Q 2007 • 50 proposals received by June 2007 deadline • Selection process by advisory structure on behalf of scientific community during summer 2007 • Final recommendation from SSAC in October 2007

7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, 16-June-2008 The ESA program is chosen by the Scientific Community…..

Science ESA Executive Programme Member DG, D/Sci Committee States

(implementation) (resource) s on ti A a d d v n i e ESF ce m m o ec Space Science R Committee ber Space Science X-mem Advisory Committee

Solar System Fundamental Working Working Group Group Advisory Group European Science Community Membership of advisory bodies is determined by individual scientific standing

7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, 16-June-2008 Cosmic vision process for 1st slice

• 2 launch opportunities, for 2017/2018 • Currently planning 1 Medium (2017) plus 1 Large (2018) mission – L capped ca. 650 M€, M capped ca. 300 M€ ESA cost – Payload funded separately by ESA member states – Other mixes of mission sizes possible – Programmatic to be reviewed according to budget evolution

7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, 16-June-2008 Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 Cycle 1 selection outcome Seven missions selected for assessment over 2008-2009 – Five M-class missions (ESA cost < 300 ME) • Goal: Down-selection of 2 M-missions end 2009 and implementation of 1 M-mission in 2011, launch 2017 – Two L-class missions (ESA cost < 650 ME) • Compete with LISA • Goal: Down-selection of 2 L-Missions end 2009 and implementation of 1 L-mission in 2011, launch 2018 – A number of science mission themes highly ranked, requiring technology developments to enable readiness at the time of the next Call for Missions Next Call foreseen in 2011

7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, 16-June-2008 M class missions

Marco-Polo Cross-Scale NEO sample return physics in collaboration with JAXA

SPICA 3.5 m IR observatory Mission of , in PLATO collaboration with JAXA detection & star characterization

EUCLID (Dark ) Deep space survey

7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, 16-June-2008 L class missions

Outer Mission, ESA/NASA/JAXA collaboration

Xeus X rays observatory ESA/JAXA/… collaboration

Tandem mission to Saturn/Titan

Laplace LISA mission to the system Gravitational waves measurement ESA/NASA collaboration

7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, 16-June-2008 Science Programme Implementation

Three step process from the Mission candidate selection to the launch • Assessment Phase Nominal duration is ~ 2 years. Mission studies, Phase 0/A level Enables mission down-selection for the Definition Phase: Mission concept, programmatic assessment, technology readiness evaluation • Definition Phase Nominal duration is ~ 2 years. Mission studies, Phase A/B1 level Enables mission adoption for Implementation Phase: Mission consolidation (technical & programmatic), technology readiness evaluation & preparation • Implementation Phase Typical duration is ~ 5-6 years, Industrial team build-up and spacecraft manufacturing, Phases B2/C/D

7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, 16-June-2008 Mission down-selection process

Assessment Definition Implementation Phase Phase Phase

7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, 16-June-2008 Payload Development Approach

7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, 16-June-2008 Payload provision by Member States

• The traditional baseline of delivery of instruments to ESA by the Member States is maintained – Actual Member States contribution depend on the mission (payload categories, see next viewgraph)

• ESA is in charge of technology developments for spacecraft items which will be produced through ESA Industrial Contracts

• The Member States are in charge of technology developments for payload Items which will be provided by the Member States

7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, 16-June-2008 Payload categories

Payload = Instrument or instrument suite. Hardware from useful signal collection/detection device to digital output signal

Category B Category C Category A Payload = Instrument suite Shared payload “ESA only” Payload from science institutes ESA + Institutes () (Bepi Colombo) (Herschel)

7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, 16-June-2008 SPRT recommendations on Payload development

• Complete Payload Phase A/B1 before entering Implementation Phase • Move Payload selection (AO) at the beginning of Definition Phase • Perform Instrument assessment study before entering Definition Phase

Mission Down-selection Mission Launch selection & Payload AO adoption

Assessment Phase Definition Phase Implementation Phase ~ 2 years ~ 2 years ~ 5-6 years

Spacecraft And Payload n missions two missions one mission activities Assessment studies Design consolidation Development & pre-developments ESA / Member States LOE MLA agreements Illustration for the case of M missions

7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, 16-June-2008 Payload categories for the selected CV missions

Mission Payload Member state provision category As resulting from the science proposals Marco-Polo B Instrument suite Cross-scale B Instrument suite Laplace/Tandem B Instrument suite PLATO C Focal planes, and potentially the whole instruments, TBC. C Focal planes (IR and VIS), TBC. SPICA C Telescope provided by ESA. SAFARI cryo instrument provided by science institutes under ESA management. XEUS C Optics under ESA responsibility, cryogenic elements TBD, plane instruments provided by institutes LISA A TBD

Effective Member State provision will be first evaluated at end of the Assessment Phase Formalisation through Instrument AO and Letters Of Endorsement (LOE) at the beginning of the Definition Phase

7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, 16-June-2008 Cosmic Vision Implementation Logic and Status

7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, 16-June-2008 Cosmic Vision Implementation

• Mission Assessment Studies 9 ESA internal studies & industrial studies, phase 0/A level 9 Programmatic inputs for down-selection process 9 Completed by end 2009 for M missions • Science Instrument Assessment Studies 9 National activities conducted in parallel to ESA system studies 9 Enable robust spacecraft definition and Technology Readiness evaluation by the end of the Assessment Phase, 9 Enable instrument selection process (AO) at the beginning of the Definition Phase • Technology Development Plan 9 For the entire spacecraft, including science instruments, aiming at TRL ≥ 5 before the Implementation Phase 9 Payload related activities to be reviewed and endorsed by Member States

7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, 16-June-2008 Implementation Status (1/2)

• ESA internal studies are completed for all M missions and are on going for the L missions • ITTs for industrial studies have been issued for the four M missions and for SPICA telescope study – Industrial studies will start in July-Sept 08 – Study completion mid Sept 09, compatible with down-selection end 2009 • XEUS and Outer Planet mission industrial studies planned in 2009 – Internal studies will be completed by Sept 08 – Down-selection of outer planet mission (choice between Tandem and Laplace) planned in November 2008 – Schedule highly dependent on international collaboration definition progress • Technology Development Plan is elaborated and is being implemented

7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, 16-June-2008 Implementation Status (2/2): Instrument Studies

• The Call for Declaration of Interest for Instrument studies was issued for all M missions: – SPICA/SAFARI instrument team in place – Responses expected by end June 08 for Plato, Cross-Scale and Marco-Polo, mid-July for Euclid, – ESA evaluation will be made in July 08 – Convergence with Member States expected by end Sept 08, – The instrument studies will be made in parallel with industrial studies • XEUS and Outer Planet Call for Instrument Studies will be phased with the corresponding industrial ITTs – Expected by end 2008 – Instrument studies will be made in parallel with industrial studies

7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, 16-June-2008 Technology Development Plan Logic

7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, 16-June-2008 ESA / Member States respective responsibilities

• Separation line between ESA and Member States needs to be defined for Payload Category C Missions • General approach followed for the TDP elaboration – Large and complex payload elements that are strongly interleaved with the spacecraft design remain under ESA responsibility. • This applies to XEUS telescope and LISA (TBC ?) – Focal plane instruments are under Member States responsibility. • This applies to SAFARI (SPICA), and XEUS focal plane instruments such as WFI or NFI. – For cryogenic instruments, the last cryogenic stage(s) which are physically embedded in the instrument are assumed to be part of the instrument assembly

7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, 16-June-2008 Technology Readiness needs

Strict need is TRL ≥ 5 for the whole spacecraft including the payload, before entering implementation phase 9 Technology readiness will be evaluated for the down-selection steps in 2009 and 2011 9 In 2009, if TRL 5 is not met: Technical assessment for evaluating the probability to reach TRL 5 by 2011 9 In 2011, for the Mission Adoption: Development risk assessment - schedule, cost and technology readiness – before entering the Implementation phase

TRL 5 definition: Component or breadboard validation in relevant environment

7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, 16-June-2008 Technology Programmes

TRP National TRL < 3 P/L activities 27% 35%

CTP TRL > 3 38%

• Overall plan amount ~ 105 MEuros • National activities implementation scheme is TBD by Nov 2008 • The Technology Development Plan will be regularly updated according to the outcome of the system studies and to the CV plan evolution

7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, 16-June-2008 End

7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, 16-June-2008