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PEACE Info (March 16, 2021) − BURMA’S TWO CORE ISSUES: Constitutional Crisis and Rights of Self-Defense − Myanmar Crackdown on Protesters Kills 25 as Junta Imposes 24-Hour Mobile Internet Shutdown − Continuing Brutality by Myanmar Military Junta Pushes Death Toll to 193 − Eleven killed in anti-coup demonstrations after Myanmar’s deadliest day − Myanmar’s Military Regime Hands Down Prison Sentences to Striking Civil Servants − Under Martial Law, Myanmar Military Commanders Empowered to Issue Death Penalty − Residents flee violence, martial law in Yangon factory district − Youth Detained in Military Camps Across Chin State − A Return to the Comfort Zone is Not Enough: We Must Fight for Truly Inclusive Freedom − Policemen, firemen among over 400 Myanmar nationals seeking shelter in India − Myanmar Regime Seizes Bank Accounts of Soros' Open Society Foundation − Protests Force Myanmar’s Ethnic Chinese to Distinguish Themselves From China − India Must Break its ‘Silence’ on Myanmar Coup to Avoid Global Embarrassment − UN: Killings of Peaceful Protesters by Myanmar Junta Soaring − UN Chief Calls Intl’ Community to Help End Military Repression in Myanmar − Myanmar Crisis Could Reset Toxic US-China Ties − Quad leaders issue statement on Myanmar crisis − Global alarm grows as 20 more protesters killed in Myanmar crackdown − Kachin Villagers Flee Fighting Between Myanmar’s Military and KIA − Fighting Between Burma Army and KIO/A Breaks Out Across Kachin State − Arakan Army sides with the coup regime while conflict rages across the nation − စစ�အ�ဏ�သ�မ��မ�အ�ပ�� �သဆ�ံ�သ� ၁၈၀ �က����ပ� − ဆ���ပမ�မ���အတ�င�� �သဆ�ံ�သ� အနည��ဆ�ံ� ၁၈၃ ဦ�ရ���ပ� − ���င�ငံအ��ံ� ဆ���ပပ���တ� အရ��န�အဟ�န�မပ�က� ဆက��ပ��ပ�က��န − �ဒ�က�တ�ဆ�ဆ�က�� ���င�ငံ�တ��သစ���ဖ�က�လ��� စစ��က�င�စ�စ�ပ�စ�� − ခ�င���ပည�နယ�က�န အ����ယနယ�စပ�ခ��လ�ံသ� ၅၀၀ န��ပ��ရ��လ� − စစ�အ�ဏ�ရ�င�ကန��က�က�တ�� �ကံခင��က ရ���စ�ဦ� �ထ�င�တစ���စ�က� − သတ��ဖတ��နတ��တ�က�� ခ�က�ခ�င��ရပ�ဖ��� စစ��က�င�စ�က�� ခ���လ�စ��မ�င�ဘ����ပ� − �မန�မ����င�ငံတ�င�� ပ�ဂ�လ�ကသတင��စ�အ��လ�ံ� ရပ�ဆ��င�� − မ��လ�ဘ��င�� အင�တ�နက� ဆက�သ�ယ�မ� စစ��က�င�စ� �ဖတ��တ�က� − စစ�အ�ပ�ခ��ပ��ရ� �မ ���နယ�မ���တ�င� တရ���ရ� စ�ရင����င�သည�� အခ�က�မ��� ထ�တ��ပန� − တ��တ�ဖ�အ����က�င�� စစ�အ�ပ�ခ��ပ��ရ� ��ကည�တ�လ��� �လ�လ�သ��တ� သ�ံ�သပ� − �ဂ���ဆ����ရ��စ�၏ Open Society Foundation မ�တဆင�� Open Society Myanmar သ��� �င���က�စ��ဆင��မ�မ���က�� စတင�ထ�န��ခ��ပ���က�င�� သတင��ထ�တ��ပန� − စစ�တပ�၏ ဖ����ပ�မ�မ��� အဆ�ံ�သတ��ရ� လ�ပ��ဆ�င��ကရန� UN အတ�င���ရ�မ��ခ��ပ� တ��က�တ�န�� − ဆ���ပသ��တ�သတ��ဖတ�မ�ရပ�ဖ��� က�လတ��က�တ�န�� − စစ�အ�ဏ�သ�မ�� ဆန��က�င�ဆ���ပပ���တ�မ�� အမ����သမ���တ�န�� မ�န��က�လ�ငယ��တ��သဆ�ံ�တ��အထ� အင�အ��သ�ံ�ဖ����ပ�မ� လက�ခံ���င�စရ�မရ�� (UNFPA) − စစ�အ�ပ�စ� �ဖ ��ခ�င��မ�မ�� �သဆ�ံ�ဆ���ပသ� ပ��မ���လ�တ���က�င�� ကမ ���အသ��င��အဝ��င�� စ���ရ�မ�ထ�တ�လန�� − စစ�တပ���င�� KIA တ��� တ��က�ပ����က�င�� �ဒသခံ၂၀၀ �က��� �နရပ�စ�န��ခ�� − �ပန�လည�ထ�က���ပ�လ�သည�� ကခ�င� စစ��ရ��င�မ��� မ�လ စစ��ရ��င�စခန��မ���သ��� သ���ခ�င��မရ − နမ�တ��မ ���နယ� အတ�င��ရ�� စစ��ရ��င� (၅၀၀)�က����နရပ�မ�ပန����င��သ� --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Page 1 of 67 BURMA’S TWO CORE ISSUES: Constitutional Crisis and Rights of Self-Defense By Sai Wansai - March 16, 2021 It isn’t easy to pinpoint core issues in the midst of the coup-maker junta’s merciless crackdown on the public demonstrating against its illegal rule, where some 140 have been killed and over 2000 in detention, plus townships in Yangon declared martial law, to be able to control the situation. crph.official.mm As of March 15, a total of (2175) people have been arrested, charged or sentenced in relation to the attempted military coup on February 1. Of them, (3) were convicted; (2) to two years imprisonment, (1) to three months. (73) have been charged with a warrant and are evading arrest, (319) were released. A total of (1856) are still under detention or have outstanding charges/evading arrest, including the (3) sentenced, according to the Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (AAPP). On March 13, the much awaited state of nation speech of Acting Vice-President Mahn Win Khaing Than, the former House of Nationalities or Ahmyotha Hluttaw speaker, was made public on the Facebook of Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (CRPH), which is Assembly of the Union made up of House of Representatives and House of Nationalities. He said that despite differences now is the time for all stakeholders to hold hands and end the dictatorship for good. “Beloved and respected brothers, sisters and all citizens now is the darkest hours of our country and as well a dawning moment (of freedom) is nearing. This is a testing time for our people on how much endurance we have (to withstand the pressure),” he said. https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=44183825 3590175 In his speech he earnestly promised saying: “In order to establish federal democratic union, hand-in-hand cooperation with all concerned organizations, individuals and abolition of 2008 constitution to (pave way for) the emergence of federal democratic Constitution will utmostly be tried to implement.” Regarding the indiscriminate, merciless crackdown of the protesters by the junta he said: “In order for the people to employ self-defense (with clear conscience) CRPH will try to draft Page 2 of 67 and promulgate (necessary) law. Concerning civil administration issues implementation through transitional civil administration organizations will be made.” On March 14, five-point CRPH Declaration 13/2021 outlined its position regarding the issue of self-defense, which said that it is the people’s government; has already denounced the unlawful military coup council as a terrorist group; armed forces and individuals, loyal to the terrorist group have lost their status as civil servants; according to the provisions on rights of self-defense of Chapter 4 criminal procedures the people have the full right to defend themselves; and it declared that the responses by means of self-defense according to the law by anyone either individuals or ward/village community groups or groups according to the areas or townships, shall not be considered as criminal acts. On the same day, in what now is fast becoming to be known as “Black Sunday”, some 70 civilians protesting against the military coup were slaughtered by the junta’s police and military forces in and around Yangon, which happened in Hlaing Thar Yar, Thingangyun, South Okkalapa, North Dagon, Kyeemyindaing, Tamwe, North Okkalapa, South Dagon, Shwe Pyi Thar, and Insein townships. Recent Facebook footage showed there that there were resistance by the protesters, with sling shots, Molotov cocktail bombs, knives and so on, unlike in the past where they were mere sitting ducks. It may well be due to the CRPH announcement position of self-defense and that retaliation is in order and not considered criminal. On March 14 and 15, the junta declared martial law in Yangon townships of Hlaing Thar Yar and neighboring Shwepyitha, followed by North Dagon, South Dagon, Dagon Seikkan and North Okkalapa. Federal Constitution According to Zin Mar Aung the acting foreign minister, in order to form a national unity government an all accepted federal constitution is utmost necessary. The ethnic political parties (EPPs) and ethnic armed organizations (EAOs) all have been demanding that the 2008 military-drafted Constitution be abolished and federal Constitution speedily adopted. So far The Constitution of Federal Republic of the Union of Burma (Second Draft), drafted by Federal Constitution Drafting and Coordinating Committee, adopted on 12 February 2008, seems to be the only available one, although Zin Mar Aung said there are others also which have to be taken into consideration. In this conjuncture let us look at the federal constitution’s Article 49, which writes: Member States of the Federal Union and Federal Territories (A) The Member States of the Federal Union: The National States and Nationalities States are; Page 3 of 67 1. Kachin National State 2. Karen National State 3. Karenni National State 4. Chin National State 5. Bama National State 6. Mon National State 7. Tennasarim Nationalities State 8. Arakan National State 9. Shan National State 10. Irrawaddy Nationalities State 11. ……. 12. ……. But in order to understand why the 2008 federal constitution was drafted that way can be traced to Federal Amendment Proposal of 1961, drafted by all ethnic nationalities, in Taunggyi, Shan State. To amend the 1947 constitution, a key part of the federal proposal reads: The provisions for equal rights and opportunities between the various states and nationalities are not adequately prescribed in the present Constitution of the Union of Burma. The Steering Committee has therefore unanimously decided that to ensure equal rights and opportunities for all, the Constitution should be revised in accordance with the principles of a truly federal constitution. The Steering Committee hereby resolves that in redrafting the Constitution, in accordance with genuine federal principles, the following basic requirements for ensuring equality shall be included: 1.
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    -R&YVQE,SYWMRK0ERHERH4VSTIVX] ,04 VMKLXWEVIMRI\XVMGEFP]PMROIHXSXLIGSYRXV]«W SRKSMRKWXVYKKPIJSVNYWXMGIERHHIQSGVEG]ERHWYWXEMREFPIPMZIPMLSSHW7MRGI[LIRXLI QMPMXEV]VIKMQIXSSOTS[IVSZIVSRIQMPPMSRTISTPILEZIFIIRHMWTPEGIHEWYFWXERXMZIRYQFIV EVIJVSQIXLRMGREXMSREPMX]GSQQYRMXMIWHIRMIHXLIVMKLXXSVIWMHIMRXLIMVLSQIPERHW0ERH GSR´WGEXMSRF]+SZIVRQIRXJSVGIWMWVIWTSRWMFPIJSVQER]WYGL,04ZMSPEXMSRWMR&YVQE -R'3,6)GSQQMWWMSRIH%WLPI]7SYXLSRISJXLI[SVPH«WPIEHMRK&YVQEVIWIEVGLIVWXS GEVV]SYXSRWMXIVIWIEVGLSR,04VMKLXW8LIIRWYMRKVITSVX(MWTPEGIQIRXERH(MWTSWWIWWMSR *SVGIH1MKVEXMSRERH0ERH6MKLXWMR&YVQEJSVQWEGSQTVILIRWMZIPSSOEXXLIOI],04 MWWYIWEJJIGXMRK&YVQEXSHE]ERHLS[XLIWIQMKLXFIWXFIEHHVIWWIHMRXLIJYXYVI Displacement and Dispossession: 8LMWVITSVX´RHWXLEXWYGLTVSFPIQWGERSRP]FIVIWSPZIHXLVSYKLWYFWXERXMEPERHWYWXEMRIH GLERKIMR&YVQEETSPMXMGEPXVERWMXMSRXLEXWLSYPHMRGPYHIMQTVSZIHEGGIWWXSEVERKISJ Forced Migration and Land Rights JYRHEQIRXEPVMKLXWEWIRWLVMRIHMRMRXIVREXMSREPPE[ERHGSRZIRXMSRWMRGPYHMRKVIWTIGXJSV ,04VMKLXW4VSXIGXMSRJVSQ ERHHYVMRK JSVGIHQMKVEXMSRERHWSPYXMSRWXSXLI[MHIWTVIEH ,04GVMWIWMR&YVQEHITIRHYPXMQEXIP]SRWIXXPIQIRXWXSXLIGSRµMGXW[LMGLLEZI[VEGOIHXLI GSYRXV]JSVQSVIXLERLEPJEGIRXYV] BURMA )JJSVXWEXGSRµMGXVIWSPYXMSRLEZIXLYWJEVQIX[MXLSRP]ZIV]PMQMXIHWYGGIWW2IZIVXLIPIWW XLMWVITSVXHIWGVMFIWWSQIMRXIVIWXMRKERHYWIJYPTVSNIGXWXLERLEZIFIIRMQTPIQIRXIHF]GMZMP WSGMIX]KVSYTWMR&YVQE8LIWII\EQTPIWWLS[XLEXRSX[MXLWXERHMRKXLIRIIHJSVJYRHEQIRXEP TSPMXMGEPGLERKIMR&YVQEWXITWGERERHWLSYPHFIXEOIRRS[XSEHHVIWW,04MWWYIW-RTEVXMGYPEV STTSVXYRMXMIWI\MWXXSEWWMWXXLIVILEFMPMXEXMSRSJHMWTPEGIHTISTPIMR[E]W[LMGLPMROTSPMXMGEP
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    THE STATE of LOCAL GOVERNANCE: TRENDS in KACHIN Photo Credits

    Local Governance Mapping THE STATE OF LOCAL GOVERNANCE: TRENDS IN KACHIN Photo credits Mike Adair Emilie Röell Myanmar Survey Research A photo record of the UNDP Governance Mapping Trip for Kachin State. Travel to Tanai, Putao, Momauk and Myitkyina townships from Jan 6 to Jan 23, 2015 is available here: http://tinyurl.com/Kachin-Trip-2015 The views expressed in this publication are those of the author, and do not necessarily represent the views of UNDP. Local Governance Mapping THE STATE OF LOCAL GOVERNANCE: TRENDS IN KACHIN UNDP MYANMAR Table of Contents Acknowledgements II Acronyms III Executive Summary 1 1. Introduction 5 2. Kachin State 7 2.1 Kachin geography 9 2.2 Population distribution 10 2.3 Socio-economic dimensions 11 2.4 Some historical perspectives 13 2.5 Current security situation 18 2.6 State institutions 18 3. Methodology 24 3.1 Objectives of mapping 25 3.2 Mapping tools 25 3.3 Selected townships in Kachin 26 4. Governance at the front line – Findings on participation, responsiveness and accountability for service provision 27 4.1 Introduction to the townships 28 4.1.1 Overarching development priorities 33 4.1.2 Safety and security perceptions 34 4.1.3 Citizens’ views on overall improvements 36 4.1.4 Service Provider’s and people’s views on improvements and challenges in selected basic services 37 4.1.5 Issues pertaining to access services 54 4.2 Development planning and participation 57 4.2.1 Development committees 58 4.2.2 Planning and use of development funds 61 4.2.3 Challenges to township planning and participatory development 65 4.3 Information, transparency and accountability 67 4.3.1 Information at township level 67 4.3.2 TDSCs and TMACs as accountability mechanisms 69 4.3.3 WA/VTAs and W/VTSDCs 70 4.3.4 Grievances and disputes 75 4.3.5 Citizens’ awareness and freedom to express 78 4.3.6 Role of civil society organisations 81 5.
  • KACHIN STATE, MOHNYIN DISTRICT Mohnyin Township Report

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    THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census KACHIN STATE, MOHNYIN DISTRICT Mohnyin Township Report Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population October 2017 The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Kachin State, Mohnyin District Mohnyin Township Report Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population Office No.48 Nay Pyi Taw Tel: +95 67 431062 www.dop.gov.mm October 2017 Figure 1: Map of Kachin State, showing the townships MohnyinTownship Figures at a Glance 1 Total Population 160,598 2 Population males 78,795 (49.1%) Population females 81,803 (50.9%) Percentage of urban population 20.7% Area (Km2) 6,036.3 3 Population density (per Km2) 26.6 persons Median age 24.7 years Number of wards 5 Number of village tracts 29 Number of private households 30,190 Percentage of female headed households 30.0% Mean household size 4.9 persons4 Percentage of population by age group Children (0 – 14 years) 31.4% Economically productive (15 – 64 years) 63.8% Elderly population (65+ years) 4.8% Dependency ratios Total dependency ratio 56.8 Child dependency ratio 49.3 Old dependency ratio 7.5 Ageing index 15.3 Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 96 Literacy rate (persons aged 15 and over) 95.4% Male 97.5% Female 93.7% People with disability Number Per cent Any form of disability 4,562 2.8 Walking 1,662 1.0 Seeing 2,296 1.4 Hearing 1,314 0.8 Remembering 1,443 0.9 Type of Identity Card (persons aged 10 and over) Number Per cent Citizenship Scrutiny 94,919 73.6 Associate
  • Current Ethnic Issues (Kachin & Shan)

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    Current Ethnic Issues (Kachin & Shan) Report By Foreign Affairs United Nationalities Federal Council (UNFC) Date: 7th July, 2011 “Current Kachin Conflict & list of Internally Displaced People” 1) On June, 8th 2011 KIA arrested 3 servicemen of Burma Army Light Infantry Battalion 437 (Including 2 officers) who covertly entered into KIO’s restricted area to gather intelligence. At 5:00 pm, Burma Army soldiers stormed into KIO liaison office in Sang Gang Village and arbitrarily arrested Liaison officer Lance Corporal Chyang Ying. 2) On June 9th at 7:00am, 200 Burma Army soldiers marched into Sang Gang Post unannounced and started shooting at KIA troops. KIA shot back and fire fight lasted close to three hours. 3 Burma Army soldiers killed and 6 injured. And, 2 KIA soldiers injured. KIA negotiated with the Northern Command Burma Army to exchange 3 Burma Army captives for all of KIA servicemen captured in the past years and also Liaison Officer Chyang Ying. Burma Army replied that all other captives have been forwarded to the courts since we are the government that is governed by the rule of law. However, we still have Chyang Ying in our custody, and if desired he could be exchanged for the 3 captives in your custody. 3) On June 10th 2011, in good faith, KIA obliged to their request, and release the 2 officers and 1 private. When Chyang Ying was to be returned, five Burma Army soldiers carried his corpse to bring back his dead body. The Liaison Officer was inhumanely tortured and brutally beaten during interrogation and laid under the sun on the front lawn of the Burma Army post.
  • PDF | 2.01 MB | IDP Sites in Kachin State

    PDF | 2.01 MB | IDP Sites in Kachin State

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  • Background Report for Identifying the Drivers of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Myanmar

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    Background report for identifying the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in Myanmar 8 February 2017 Author: Gabrielle Kissinger Contributors: Phyu Phyu San, Franz Arnold, Dr. Myat Su Mon, Daw Naw Ei Ei Min Acknowledgements: The author would like to recognize the thoughtful contributions made by the following peer reviewers: Dr. Thaung Naing Oo, Dr. Myat Su Mon, and the members of the Members of Driver and Strategies TWG, including: Daw Aye Win, Daw Thida Aye, U Mg Mg Lwin, Daw Wint Wint Htun, Daw Chan Myae Nyein, U Nyunt Linn, U Than Swe, U Htin Aung Kyaw, U Paing Htet Thu, U Thu Rain Htay, Daw Thiri Sandar Zaw, Daw Naw Ei Ei Min, U Myo Ko Ko, Michael Howard, U A Moe Naing, U Naing Lin Oo, U Pe Chit, U Tint Khine, Dr. Yazar Min, U Thwar Kyint Khine, Dr. Chaw Chaw Sein, Dr. Nyunt Khaing, Daw Phyu Phyu Swe, U Thein Saung, U Myo Aung, U Htay Aung, U Tin Naing Soe. The following peer reviewers also contributed comments: Hugh Speechley, Kevin Woods, Richard Holloway, Alexandra Speidel, Davyth Stewart, Art Blundell, Alex Diment, Rob Tizzard, Ivo Mulder. 2 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 1. OVERVIEW AND CONTEXT 24 2. ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK AND METHODOLOGY 27 2.1 METHODOLOGY 31 3. DIRECT DRIVERS OF DEFORESTATION AND FOREST DEGRADATION 32 3.1. METHODOLOGY 32 3.2 FOREST COVER CHANGE AND COUNTRY CONTEXT 33 3.2.1 REGIONAL AND FOREST-TYPE PATTERNS OF NOTE 40 3.3 DRIVERS OF DEFORESTATION 44 3.3.1 AGRICULTURE 44 3.3.2 MINING 53 3.3.3 HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT 54 3.3.4 INFRASTRUCTURE (ROADS, PIPELINES, SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES, POWER LINES) 54 3.3.5 SUMMARY 54 3.4 DRIVERS OF FOREST DEGRADATION 55 3.4.1 ILLEGAL LOGGING 56 3.4.2 OVER-EXPLOITATION OF FOREST RESOURCES 57 3.4.3 FUEL WOOD USE 61 3.4.4 SHIFTING CULTIVATION 64 3.4.5 SUMMARY 66 3.5 ACTORS AND MOTIVATIONS 66 4.