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Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Annual Program Review Proceedings

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Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Annual Program Review Proceedings 5105 -83 DOE/JPL 1060-46 Solar Thermal Power Systems Project D~stributionCategory UC-62 Parabolic Dlsh Systems Devebpment Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Annual Program Review Proceedings May 1,1981 Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy Through an agreement wlih Natlonal Aeronautics and Space Adm~nistration by Jet Propuls~onLaboratory Cal~forn~aInsh, ~teof Technology Pasadena. Cahfornia (JPL F'UBLICATION 81-44) 5105 -83 DOE/JPL U60-46 Solar Thermal Power Systems Project Distribution Category UC-62 Parabolic Dish Systems Development .I :: # a -. i- Parabolic Dish 3.*. ' i Solar Thermal Power . *_ ~ a h Annual Program Review Proceedings May 1,1981 Prepared for U S. Department of Energy Throuah an aareement wltk ~at106al~eroiautics and Space Admmistration by Jet Propulsion Laboratory Callforn~alnstltute of Technology Pasadena, Callfornla (JPI . PUBLICATION 81-44) Prepared by the Jet Propulsion khontory, California Institute of Technology, for the U.S Department of Energy through an agreement with the Natrond Aere nautics and Space Administration. The JPL Solar Thermal Power Systems Project is sponsored by the U.S. Depart- ment of Energy and fxms a part of :he Soh Thermal Rognm to develop low- cost solar thermal and electric power plantr Thb report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. Neither the United States nor the United States Department of Energy, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors. subcontractors, or theu employees. makes any warranty, cxpress or implied, or assumes any legal liability or respons~bilityfor the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any in- formation, apparatus. product or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. ABSTRACT These proceedings present the papers and panel discussions given at the Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Annual Program Review held in P eadena, California on January 13-15, 1981. It was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, and conducted by Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The objective of the review was to present the results of activities of the Parabolic Dish Technology and Applications Development portion of DOE'S Solar Thermal Energy Systems Program. Thirty-four papers were presented on the subjects of development and testing of concentrators, receivers, and power conversion units ; system design and development for engineering experiments ; economic analysis and market assessment and advanced development activit les. Two panel discussions were held regarding technology development issues and applicationluser needs.* *Not all submitted papers and transcripts of the panel discussions were available at time of publication. iii CONTENTS INTRODUCTION: CONFERENCE CHAIRMAN H. HOLEECK . 1 SESSION I ENERGY CONVERSION: SESSION CHAIRMAN E.E. KEMPKE . 3 The SCSE Organic Rankine Engine . 5 Jay Carter Enterprise, Inc., Steam Engine . 11 Steam Engine Research for Solar Parabolic Dish . 17 Solar Brayton Engine/Altern~'or Set . 23 First Phase Testing of Solar Thermal Engine at United Stirling . 37 SESSION 11 RECEIVERS: SESSION CHAIRMAN W. OWEN . 45 Non-Heat Pipe Receiver/P-40 Stirling ~ngine . 47 Heat Pipe Solar Receiver with Thermal Energy Storage . 51 The Development of an 85 kW (~hermal)Air Brayton Solar Receiver . 57 The Development of an 85 kW (Thermal) Steam Rankine Solar Receiver . 67 Organic Rankine Cycle Receiver Development . 75 PANEL DISCUSSION I TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ISSUES: MODERATOR J. LUCAS . 81 Garrett Turbine Engine Company, Paul Craig . 83 United Stirling, Inc., Worth Percival . 85 General Electric, Walter Pijawka . 87 Ford Aerospace and Camunications Corporation, Calhoun Sumrall . 107 Sanders Associates, Daniel Shine . 117 Acurex Corporation, Jorgen Vindum . 119 2 ! Advenco, Byron Washorn . , . 127 SESSION 111 CONCENTRATORS AND COLLECTOR SYSTEMS: SESSION CHAIRMAN W. CARLEY . 131 Introduction............. ............... 133 Characterization of Point Focusing Test Bed Concentrators atJPL............................... 135 General Electric Point Focus Solar Concentrator Status . 143 Low Cost Concentrator . 149 Advanced Concentrator Panels . 155 Development and Testing of the Shenandoah Collector . 161 Fresnel Concentrating Collector . 171 LUNCHEON SPEAKER: MARSHALL E. ALPER . 179 SESSION IV APPLICATION EXPERIMENTS: SESSION CHAIRMAN A. MARRIOTT . 185 The Small Community Solar Thermal Power Experiment (SCSE) . 187 Development of the Small Community Solar Power System . 191 Site Participation in the Small Community Experiment . 197 Definitive Design of the Solar Total Energy Large-Scale Experiment at Shenandoah, Georgia . 205 JPL Isolated Application Experiment Series . 209 Industrial Application Experiment Series . 215 A Fresnel Collector Process Heat Experiment at Capitol Concrete Products . 217 PANEL DISCUSSION I1 APPLICATION/~SERNEEDS: MODERATOR R. RIORDAN . 223 Introduction, R. Riordan . 225 Acurex, C. Strong . 229 Morgan Guaranty Trust Company, R. Zanard . 233 Pasadena Municipal Utility, J. Lohr . 235 SESSION V ECONOMICS AND APPLICATIONS: SESSION CHAIRMAN K . TERASAWA ........ 239 Market Assessment Overview ..................... 241 Cost Goals ............................. 247 An Assessment of the Industrial Cogeneration Market for Parabolic Dish Systems ....................... 251 SESSION VI ADVANCED DEVELOPMENT: SESSION CHAIRMAN J . BECKER ............ 255 Advanced Developaent .Fuels .................... 257 Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass Using Solar 'I'hermalEnergy .... 263 Solar Thermal Materials Research and Development .......... 269 Solar Energy Water Desalination in the United States andSaudiArabia .......................... 275 APPENDIX Attendees ............................. A-1 INTRODUCTION H. J. Holbeck, Conference Chairman The three-day Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Annual Program Review held this year at the Pasadena, California Conference Center was attended by 230 representatives from industry, utilities, national laboiatorle~, universities, government and foreign research institutes. Thirty-iour papers were presented in sessions on subsystem development, system and application dev lopment, market assessment and advanced development. Introductory remarks were made by Dr. Marshall Alper, manager of thc Solar Energy Program at JPL, James Rannels, manager of Solar Thermal Technology Development at the Department of Energy, and Dr. Vincent Truscello, manager of the Solcr Thermal Power Systems Project at JPL. Dr. Alper also substituted as luncheon speaker for Russell Schweickart, chairman of the California Energy Commission. He discussed alternative energy perspectives. The conference was highlighted by two panel discussions: a discussion by industry representatives on technology development issues and a discussion by potential user representatives on application/user needs. Summaries of these panel discussions are included in these proceedings. The conference also included a tour of the Parabolic Dish Test Site (PDTS) at the Edwards Test Station. Attendees viewed two test bed concentrators (TBCS) with a demonstration of a steam receiver mounted at the focal point of TBC-1. A.I OMNIUM-G parabolic dish system was also displayed as were several receivers and engines scheduled for future tests. The attendance and participation at the conference was very encouraging. A high interest in parabolic dish solar thermal technologies was indicated. Attendance remained high throughout all sessions with more than 100 attendees for the final event, the one-half day tour of the PDTS. Session I ENERGY CONVERSION Session Chairman: E. E. Kempke, NASA/LeRC THE SCSE ORGANIC RANKINE DIGINE by I F'. P. Boda FORD AEROSPACE & COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION (FACC) NEWPORT BEACH, CALIFORNIA 9 2660 ABSTRACT This paper describes the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) engine currently unde~ development for the Small Conununity Solar Thermal Power Experiment (SCSE) for JPL/DOE cnder Contract 955637. This engine is the heart of a Power Conversion Subsystem (PCS) located at the focal point of a sun-tracking parabolic dish concentrator. The ORC engine employs a single-stage axial-flow turbine driv- ii.; a high speed alternator to produce up to 25 kW electrical output at the focus of each dish. The c ,mic working fluid is toluene, circulating in a closed-loop system at temperature up to 400"~(750"~). Design parameters, system description, predicted performance and program status are described. The first SCSE Organic Rankine Power Conversion Sub- system will be delivered to the JPLIEdwards test site in May 1981. INTRODUCTION Under Phase I1 of the SCSE Program, FACC will develop a solar thermal, point focusing, distributed receiver, distributed generation system employing a small Rankine-cycle power conversion subsystem (PCS) sounted at the focus of a parabolic dish concentrator. This paper describes only the Rankine-cycle PCS. The overall system and the solar receiver (boiler) are addressed in companion papers by R. Pons and H. Haskins, respectively. The PCS converts the thermal energy of superheated vapor from the receiver into shaft horsepower which drives a direct-coupled altel stor at the focal point. This high frequency ac power is converted to dc by a ground-mounted rectifier, combined with the outputs from other dishes, then inverted to 60 Hz ac electrical power supplied directly to the utility grid. The Rankine cycle was selected for the SCSE program on the basis of highest performance for least program risk (compared with other heat engine cycles). The organic Rankine cycle
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