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Fundamentals of Informatics Can Machines Think? Dedicated to Alan Turing: June 23, 1912 - June 7, 1954

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Fundamentals of Informatics Can Machines Think? Dedicated to Alan Turing: June 23, 1912 - June 7, 1954 Fundamentals of Informatics Can Machines Think? Dedicated to Alan Turing: June 23, 1912 - June 7, 1954 I David Avis I Kyoto University and McGill University I www.i-kyoto-u.ca.jp/∼avis What does think mean? think verb - Definition in the Cambridge English-Japanese Dictionary... http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-japanese/think?... The most popular online dictionary and thesaurus for learners of English Search! Spanish Learn Japanese translation of “think” think verb /θɪŋk/ (PAST TENSE AND PAST PARTICIPLE thought ) A1 to believe that something is true , or to expect that something will happen , although you are not sure （～の）はずだ, （～のような）気がする I think we’ve met before. Do you think it’s going to rain ? A1 to have an opinion about something or someone （～だと）思う, 感じる What did you think of the show? I think it’s her best book so far . B1 to use the brain to plan something, solve a problem , understand a situation , etc. 考える, 熟考する He thought for a few seconds before answering . I was just thinking about Caroline when she called. (Definition of think verb from the Cambridge English-Japanese Dictionary © Cambridge University Press) 1 of 1 2014/07/07 11:17 I Question: Are there problems that cannot be solved in finite time solve using a computer? I Answer: Halting problem (Turing, 1936) I Humans can't solve this either! I Question: Are there difficult intellectual tasks where computers are better than humans? I Answer: Chess (Deep Blue vs Kaparov, 1997) I computers 1 - 0 humans I Question: Can computers act like humans? I Answer: Turing test (June 2014?) I computers 2 - 0 humans ?? Computers vs humans I Answer: Halting problem (Turing, 1936) I Humans can't solve this either! I Question: Are there difficult intellectual tasks where computers are better than humans? I Answer: Chess (Deep Blue vs Kaparov, 1997) I computers 1 - 0 humans I Question: Can computers act like humans? I Answer: Turing test (June 2014?) I computers 2 - 0 humans ?? Computers vs humans I Question: Are there problems that cannot be solved in finite time solve using a computer? I Humans can't solve this either! I Question: Are there difficult intellectual tasks where computers are better than humans? I Answer: Chess (Deep Blue vs Kaparov, 1997) I computers 1 - 0 humans I Question: Can computers act like humans? I Answer: Turing test (June 2014?) I computers 2 - 0 humans ?? Computers vs humans I Question: Are there problems that cannot be solved in finite time solve using a computer? I Answer: Halting problem (Turing, 1936) I Question: Are there difficult intellectual tasks where computers are better than humans? I Answer: Chess (Deep Blue vs Kaparov, 1997) I computers 1 - 0 humans I Question: Can computers act like humans? I Answer: Turing test (June 2014?) I computers 2 - 0 humans ?? Computers vs humans I Question: Are there problems that cannot be solved in finite time solve using a computer? I Answer: Halting problem (Turing, 1936) I Humans can't solve this either! I Answer: Chess (Deep Blue vs Kaparov, 1997) I computers 1 - 0 humans I Question: Can computers act like humans? I Answer: Turing test (June 2014?) I computers 2 - 0 humans ?? Computers vs humans I Question: Are there problems that cannot be solved in finite time solve using a computer? I Answer: Halting problem (Turing, 1936) I Humans can't solve this either! I Question: Are there difficult intellectual tasks where computers are better than humans? I computers 1 - 0 humans I Question: Can computers act like humans? I Answer: Turing test (June 2014?) I computers 2 - 0 humans ?? Computers vs humans I Question: Are there problems that cannot be solved in finite time solve using a computer? I Answer: Halting problem (Turing, 1936) I Humans can't solve this either! I Question: Are there difficult intellectual tasks where computers are better than humans? I Answer: Chess (Deep Blue vs Kaparov, 1997) I Question: Can computers act like humans? I Answer: Turing test (June 2014?) I computers 2 - 0 humans ?? Computers vs humans I Question: Are there problems that cannot be solved in finite time solve using a computer? I Answer: Halting problem (Turing, 1936) I Humans can't solve this either! I Question: Are there difficult intellectual tasks where computers are better than humans? I Answer: Chess (Deep Blue vs Kaparov, 1997) I computers 1 - 0 humans I Answer: Turing test (June 2014?) I computers 2 - 0 humans ?? Computers vs humans I Question: Are there problems that cannot be solved in finite time solve using a computer? I Answer: Halting problem (Turing, 1936) I Humans can't solve this either! I Question: Are there difficult intellectual tasks where computers are better than humans? I Answer: Chess (Deep Blue vs Kaparov, 1997) I computers 1 - 0 humans I Question: Can computers act like humans? I computers 2 - 0 humans ?? Computers vs humans I Question: Are there problems that cannot be solved in finite time solve using a computer? I Answer: Halting problem (Turing, 1936) I Humans can't solve this either! I Question: Are there difficult intellectual tasks where computers are better than humans? I Answer: Chess (Deep Blue vs Kaparov, 1997) I computers 1 - 0 humans I Question: Can computers act like humans? I Answer: Turing test (June 2014?) Computers vs humans I Question: Are there problems that cannot be solved in finite time solve using a computer? I Answer: Halting problem (Turing, 1936) I Humans can't solve this either! I Question: Are there difficult intellectual tasks where computers are better than humans? I Answer: Chess (Deep Blue vs Kaparov, 1997) I computers 1 - 0 humans I Question: Can computers act like humans? I Answer: Turing test (June 2014?) I computers 2 - 0 humans ?? Turing test Computing Machinery and Intelligence A.M. Turing http://loebner.net/Prizef/TuringArticle.html Turing, A.M. (1950). Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind, 59, 433-460. COMPUTING MACHINERY AND INTELLIGENCE By A. M. Turing 1. The Imitation Game I propose to consider the question, "Can machines think?" This should begin with definitions of the meaning of the terms "machine" and "think." ....... Instead of attempting such a definition I shall replace the question by another, which is closely related to it and is expressed in relatively unambiguous words. The new form of the problem can be described in terms of a game which we call the 'imitation game." It is played with three people, a man (A), a woman (B), and an interrogator (C) who may be of either sex. The interrogator stays in a room apart front the other two. The object of the game for the interrogator is to determine which of the other two is the man and which is the woman. It is A's object in the game to try and cause C to make the wrong identification. 1 of 1 2014/07/07 12:02 I C asks questions I A answers pretending to be B I B can answer in any way Turing test (wiki) I Player C must decide which player - A or B - is a computer. I A answers pretending to be B I B can answer in any way Turing test (wiki) I Player C must decide which player - A or B - is a computer. I C asks questions I B can answer in any way Turing test (wiki) I Player C must decide which player - A or B - is a computer. I C asks questions I A answers pretending to be B Turing test (wiki) I Player C must decide which player - A or B - is a computer. I C asks questions I A answers pretending to be B I B can answer in any way Turing tests Home Page of the Loebner Prize http://loebner.net/Prizef/loebner-prize.html ラグナガーデ Home Page of The Loebner Prize in Artificial ンホテル Intelligence るるぶトラベル Intelligence "The First Turing Test" 1泊4,320 円～ Loebner Prize Gold Medal (Solid 18 carat, not gold-plated like the Olympic "Gold" medals) What is the Loebner Prize? The Loebner Prize for artificial intelligence ( AI ) is the first formal instantiation of a Turing Test . The test is named after Alan Turing the brilliant British mathematician. Among his many accomplishments was basic research in computing science. In 1950, in the article Computing Machinery and Intelligence which appeared in the philosophy journal Mind, Alan Turing asked the question "Can a Machine Think?" He answered in the affirmative, but a central question was: "If a computer could think, how could we tell?" Turing's suggestion was, that if the responses from the computer were indistinguishable from that of a human,the computer could be said to be thinking. This field is generally known as natural language processing. In 1990 Hugh Loebner agreed with The Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies to underwrite a contest designed to implement the Turing Test. Dr. Loebner pledged a Grand Prize of $100,000 and a Gold Medal (pictured above) for the first computer whose responses were indistinguishable from a human's. Such a computer can be said "to think." Each year an annual cash prize and a bronze medal is awarded to the most human-like computer. The winner of the annual contest is the best entry relative to other entries that year, irrespective of how good it is in an absolute sense. Further information on the development of the Loebner Prize and the reasons for its existence is available in Loebner's article In Response to the article Lessons from a Restricted Turing Test by Stuart Shieber. The Loebner Prize was originally made possible by funding from Crown Industries, Inc., of East Orange NJ.
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