A Hip Hop Story

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

A Hip Hop Story A Hip-Hop Story By Kevin Powell which I still own—and drove my mom nuts as I quickly Hip-hop has always been about making memorized those corny, yet catchy rhymes. something out of little or nothing. Few knew that I have literally come of age along with hip- something would become the biggest pop music hop, from the tight-fitting jeans I once wore (a innovation since rock and roll in the 1950s. Hip- different color for every day of the week), to the hop was born in New York City in the mid-1970s African medallions we proudly displayed in the late as a vehicle for inner-city youth to throw parties Eighties; from those below-the-behind balloon jeans on their blocks and at area clubs, and for them to of the mid-Nineties, to the expensive, name-brand make money as DJs and promoters. Early hip-hop clothes many of us hip-hop heads now prefer. was largely a “throw-your-hands-in-the-air” music, Like rock and roll before it, hip-hop has taking its cues from the funk of James Brown and literally transformed youth culture worldwide. And Parliament-Funkadelic. However, hip-hop remained just as rock created entire industries around its largely ignored outside of New York City until the fall energies—record labels, promoters, magazines like of 1979 when the crossover success of the Sugar Hill Rolling Stone, and, of course, “rock journalists”— Gang’s “Rapper’s Delight” brought hip-hop national many of us in love with hip-hop have benefited from and international attention. It wasn’t long before hip- this art form’s infiltration into the bloodstream of hop pioneers like Afrika Bambaataa, Grandmaster American life. I certainly owe my career as a music Flash, and Kurtis Blow were making records. writer, and specifically, as a hip-hop journalist, to this Now a billion-dollar industry, hip-hop phenomenon. has become the voice of young people on the In a sense, rock and hip-hop are kindred planet breaking down racial, ethnic, gender, class, spirits. Both are rooted in black music and language, language, and regional barriers. Hip-hop is manifest both came to dominate the American pop culture everywhere, pushing the sales of entities as different landscape, and both, because they have been able as high profile designers and soft drinks, and turning to reinvent themselves time and again, are with us rappers into box-office stars. Like rock and roll in the forever. n 1950s, hip-hop has become the great cultural bridge in these times—it is the pop culture of young America today. Hip-hop is and has been a part of my life The Sugar Hill Gang since that momentous fall 1979 day when I first heard the Sugar Hill Gang’s “Rapper’s Delight” on a New York City radio station. I knew that people “rapped” on the streets, at block parties, yet my boyish mind never gave the concept much thought. But to hear a speaking pattern from around the way, as we say, on the airwaves was nothing short of miraculous to me. I bought a 45rpm of “Rapper’s Delight” for 99 cents— VISIT EDU.ROCKHALL.COM FOR MORE RESOURCES. © 2018 Rock & Roll Hall of Fame 1.
Recommended publications
  • Rolling Stone Magazine's Top 500 Songs
    Rolling Stone Magazine's Top 500 Songs No. Interpret Title Year of release 1. Bob Dylan Like a Rolling Stone 1961 2. The Rolling Stones Satisfaction 1965 3. John Lennon Imagine 1971 4. Marvin Gaye What’s Going on 1971 5. Aretha Franklin Respect 1967 6. The Beach Boys Good Vibrations 1966 7. Chuck Berry Johnny B. Goode 1958 8. The Beatles Hey Jude 1968 9. Nirvana Smells Like Teen Spirit 1991 10. Ray Charles What'd I Say (part 1&2) 1959 11. The Who My Generation 1965 12. Sam Cooke A Change is Gonna Come 1964 13. The Beatles Yesterday 1965 14. Bob Dylan Blowin' in the Wind 1963 15. The Clash London Calling 1980 16. The Beatles I Want zo Hold Your Hand 1963 17. Jimmy Hendrix Purple Haze 1967 18. Chuck Berry Maybellene 1955 19. Elvis Presley Hound Dog 1956 20. The Beatles Let It Be 1970 21. Bruce Springsteen Born to Run 1975 22. The Ronettes Be My Baby 1963 23. The Beatles In my Life 1965 24. The Impressions People Get Ready 1965 25. The Beach Boys God Only Knows 1966 26. The Beatles A day in a life 1967 27. Derek and the Dominos Layla 1970 28. Otis Redding Sitting on the Dock of the Bay 1968 29. The Beatles Help 1965 30. Johnny Cash I Walk the Line 1956 31. Led Zeppelin Stairway to Heaven 1971 32. The Rolling Stones Sympathy for the Devil 1968 33. Tina Turner River Deep - Mountain High 1966 34. The Righteous Brothers You've Lost that Lovin' Feelin' 1964 35.
    [Show full text]
  • DJ Skills the Rise of the Hip-Hop DJ 3
    The Rise of the Hip-Hop DJ 1 74 The Rise of The Hip-hop DJ DJs were Hip-hop’s original architects, and remain crucial to its contin- ued development. Hip-hop is more than a style of music; it’s a culture. As with any culture, there are various artistic expressions of Hip-hop, the four principal expressions being: • visual art (graffiti) • dance (breaking, rocking, locking, and popping, collectively known in the media as “break dancing”) • literature (rap lyrics and slam poetry) • music (DJing and turntablism) Unlike the European Renaissance or the Ming Dynasty, Hip-hop is a culture that is very much alive and still evolving. Some argue that Hip-hop is the most influential cultural movement in history, point- ing to the globalization of Hip-hop music, fashion, and other forms of expression. Style has always been at the forefront of Hip-hop. Improvisation is called free styling, whether in rap, turntablism, breaking, or graf- fiti writing. Since everyone is using the essentially same tools (spray paint for graffiti writers, microphones for rappers and beat boxers, their bodies for dancers, and two turntables with a mixer for DJs), it’s the artists’ personal styles that set them apart. It’s no coincidence that two of the most authentic movies about the genesis of the move- ment are titled Wild Style and Style Wars. There are also many styles of writing the word “Hip-hop.” The mainstream media most often oscillates between “hip-hop” and “hip hop.” The Hiphop Archive at Harvard writes “Hiphop” as one word, 2 DJ Skills The Rise of the Hip-Hop DJ 3 with a capital H, embracing KRS-ONE’s line of reasoning that “Hiphop Kool DJ Herc is a culture with its own foundation narrative, history, natives, and 7 In 1955 in Jamaica, a young woman from the parish of Saint Mary mission.” After a great deal of input from many people in the Hip-hop community, I’ve decided to capitalize the word but keep the hyphen, gave birth to a son who would become the father of Hip-hop.
    [Show full text]
  • Green the Green Book
    Book # 1 THE GREEN BOOK Universal Zulu Nation Infinity Lessons Archive 1973 - 2000 FOR THE MASSES Compiled By : King Mark Luv & Malika Saphire Table of Contents Myths and Misconceptions ..................................................................................................................................................... 2 Laws and Regulations of the Universal Zulu Nation Part 1 (1 – 20) ........................................................................................ 4 Laws and Regulations of the Universal Zulu Nation Part 2 (21 – 46) ...................................................................................... 5 INFINITY LESSON ONE ............................................................................................................................................................. 6 ABOUT ZULU NATION ......................................................................................................................................................... 6 Message to the People........................................................................................................................................................ 7 INFINITY LESSON TWO ............................................................................................................................................................ 8 THE HISTORY OF AFRIKA BAMBAATAA ............................................................................................................................... 8 INFINITY LESSON THREE .......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Hip-Hop & the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form
    Hip-Hop & the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form Marcyliena Morgan & Dionne Bennett To me, hip-hop says, “Come as you are.” We are a family. Hip-hop is the voice of this generation. It has become a powerful force. Hip-hop binds all of these people, all of these nationalities, all over the world together. Hip-hop is a family so everybody has got to pitch in. East, west, north or south–we come MARCYLIENA MORGAN is from one coast and that coast was Africa. Professor of African and African –dj Kool Herc American Studies at Harvard Uni- versity. Her publications include Through hip-hop, we are trying to ½nd out who we Language, Discourse and Power in are, what we are. That’s what black people in Amer- African American Culture (2002), ica did. The Real Hiphop: Battling for Knowl- –mc Yan1 edge, Power, and Respect in the LA Underground (2009), and “Hip- hop and Race: Blackness, Lan- It is nearly impossible to travel the world without guage, and Creativity” (with encountering instances of hip-hop music and cul- Dawn-Elissa Fischer), in Doing Race: 21 Essays for the 21st Century ture. Hip-hop is the distinctive graf½ti lettering (ed. Hazel Rose Markus and styles that have materialized on walls worldwide. Paula M.L. Moya, 2010). It is the latest dance moves that young people per- form on streets and dirt roads. It is the bass beats DIONNE BENNETT is an Assis- mc tant Professor of African Ameri- and styles of dress at dance clubs. It is local s can Studies at Loyola Marymount on microphones with hands raised and moving to University.
    [Show full text]
  • Westminsterresearch Synth Sonics As
    WestminsterResearch http://www.westminster.ac.uk/westminsterresearch Synth Sonics as Stylistic Signifiers in Sample-Based Hip-Hop: Synthetic Aesthetics from ‘Old-Skool’ to Trap Exarchos, M. This is an electronic version of a paper presented at the 2nd Annual Synthposium, Melbourne, Australia, 14 November 2016. The WestminsterResearch online digital archive at the University of Westminster aims to make the research output of the University available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the authors and/or copyright owners. Whilst further distribution of specific materials from within this archive is forbidden, you may freely distribute the URL of WestminsterResearch: ((http://westminsterresearch.wmin.ac.uk/). In case of abuse or copyright appearing without permission e-mail [email protected] 2nd Annual Synthposium Synthesisers: Meaning though Sonics Synth Sonics as Stylistic Signifiers in Sample-Based Hip-Hop: Synthetic Aesthetics from ‘Old-School’ to Trap Michail Exarchos (a.k.a. Stereo Mike), London College of Music, University of West London Intro-thesis The literature on synthesisers ranges from textbooks on usage and historiogra- phy1 to scholarly analysis of their technological development under musicological and sociotechnical perspectives2. Most of these approaches, in one form or another, ac- knowledge the impact of synthesisers on musical culture, either by celebrating their role in powering avant-garde eras of sonic experimentation and composition, or by mapping the relationship between manufacturing trends and stylistic divergences in popular mu- sic. The availability of affordable, portable and approachable synthesiser designs has been highlighted as a catalyst for their crossover from academic to popular spheres, while a number of authors have dealt with the transition from analogue to digital tech- nologies and their effect on the stylisation of performance and production approaches3.
    [Show full text]
  • BFI Sci-Fi Event: Afrika Bambaataa in Conversation with Don Letts
    BFI Sci-Fi event: Afrika Bambaataa in Conversation with Don Letts LONDON, Friday 12 September 2014: BFI Southbank is delighted to announce it will welcome world renowned Hip Hop pioneer Afrika Bambaataa to the stage on 1 December for a very special ‘in conversation’ event hosted by filmmaker and musician Don Letts. Forming part of the BFI’s major, UK-wide blockbuster project Sci-Fi: Days of Fear and Wonder, presented together with O2, the event is a centrepiece of Inside Afrofuturism, a dedicated programme of work celebrating black visions of Sci-Fi, which will take place at BFI Southbank throughout November. Affectionately known as ‘The Godfather’ of Hip Hop culture, Bambaataa developed the electro-funk sound with ‘Planet Rock,’ the 1982 Hip Hop track that infused 808 beats with a techno-pop futurism inspired by German electronic pioneers Kraftwerk. Combining wrap-around sunglasses with Egyptian and Native American headgear, Bambaataa’s unique look perfectly matches the ‘outer space’ vibe of the sound he created. A seminal Bronx DJ during the 70s, Bambaataa is one of the three main originators of breakbeat DJing. Through his Universal Zulu Nation collective – which includes De La Soul, A Tribe Called Quest and The Jungle Brothers – Bambaataa has helped spread black consciousness and Hip Hop culture throughout the world with a message of peace, unity, love and having fun. The BFI’s In Conversation event with Afrika Bambaataa celebrates the 40th anniversary of Hip Hop, which according to the Universal Zulu Nation was officially born in New York on November 12, 1974. Afrika Bambaataa comments: “In The Name of The Supreme Force.
    [Show full text]
  • The Planet Rock Groove
    THE PLANET ROCK GROOVE Excerpt from the book Life and Death on the New York Dance Floor 1980-1983 Author: Tim Lawrence Copyright Duke University Press 2016 Tim Lawrence is Professor of Cultural Studies at the University of East London and the author of Love Saves the Day: A History of American Dance Music Culture, 1970–1979 and Hold On to Your Dreams: Arthur Russell and the Downtown Music Scene, 1973–1992, both also published by Duke University Press. Here is an excerpt of chapter 23 from his new book: Life and Death on the New York Dance Floor, 1980-1983: The Planet Rock Groove Tom Silverman hired an office hand to to get the concept; we was trying diffe- help him build Tommy Boy and mana- rent grooves.” Kraftwerk were the major ge Dance Music Report toward the end influence. “I wanted to create the first of 1981. “I interviewed with Tom two or black electronic group,” adds Bambaat- three times,” says Monica Lynch, who got aa. “I always was into ‘Trans- Europe Ex- the job. “I didn’t have any formal back- press’ and after Kraftwerk put ‘Numbers’ ground in music but Tom provided me out I said, ‘I wonder if I can combine them with an opportunity. to make something real funky with a hard He was going out to Long Island City bass and beat.’ ” Downtown sensibilities and Queens to pick up the new Tommy also shaped the sound of the track. “I got Boy release, which was ‘Jazzy Sensation,’ the idea from playing in a lot of punk rock and he asked me if I wanted to come.” clubs,” he revealed in another interview Lynch was confronted with the heavy- published in the East Village Eye, this one duty currency of the dance economy: a conducted by Steven Hager, who got mini- mountain of fift y- count boxes pac- hold of the Bronx dj’s phone number from ked with twelve- inch vinyl.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hip Hop Lectures (Volume 1) By: Dr
    The Hip Hop Lectures (Volume 1) By: Dr. T.L. Osborne Table of Contents Introduction: Why Am I Writing This Book? Chapter 1: Page 1 African Music History: The Originators Chapter 2: Page 27 The Party is Over: A New Journey Without Beats & Freedom Chapter 3: Page 44 From Hopeless to Hopeful: The Power of Spirituals & The Impacts of Lynch, Tubman, and Turner Chapter 4: Page 82 Sold Out, But Not Necessarily a Sell-Out Chapter 5: Page 104 The Harlem Renaissance: Short-Lived With Long-Term Impacts Chapter 6: Page 216 Rock-N-Roll Ain’t Just White People’s Music Chapter 7: Page 228 The Civil Rights Movement: Fantasy versus Reality Chapter 8: Page 276 The Rise of Post-Civil Rights Movements: The Emergence of The Black Arts Movement & The Black Panther Party Chapter 9: Page 292 Soulless to Soulful: The Impact of Berry Gordy & Motown on Hip Hop Culture i Chapter 1 African Music History: The Originators Historically, Hip Hop culture is known to have started in New York; during the early 1970s. However, controversy surrounds which specific area in New York created the cultural phenomenon, called Hip Hop. The history concerning which part of New York created this influential and multi-billion dollar movement is documented in 1985. The battle rap included rappers from Queensbridge (MC Shan & The Juice Crew) versus rappers from the South Bronx (KRS-One & Boogie Down Productions). Even though, New York, is noted as the birthplace for Hip Hop culture, Hip Hop’s roots were developed before one city or state declared ownership of the cultures’ creation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Story of ORCH5 Robert Fink, UCLA Germany Has a Very Long
    The Story of ORCH5 Robert Fink, UCLA Germany has a very long classical music tradition. - Ralf Hütter of Kraftwerk, 2004 The DJ plays your favorite blasts, Takes you back to the past – Music’s magic! (poof) - Afrika Bambaataa, “Planet Rock” (1982) “Tomorrow’s Music Today” - Advertising slogan for the Fairlight Computer Music Instrument, ca. 1983 1 PRELUDE: The Great Liberation, or, Is there Life after Death? The “death of (European) classical music” may seem a somewhat tired, even irrelevant trope with which to start an essay in the present venue—which is, after all, devoted to the study around the globe of (clearly quite healthy) popular music. Certainly there is no consensus among critics and scholars as to the survival of the literate, “cultivated” tradition of Western music as the twenty-first century advances, and even if there were, why should anyone doing popular music studies care, other than to register a small but real sense of satisfaction at avoiding what looks like a losing horse in the music history championship stakes? It oughtn’t matter much to the study of popular music whether, as partisans within the classical world indignantly retort, audiences for the symphony and opera are actually holding steady; whether, as classical record label executives report, the latest crossover hit has temporarily stabilized their bottom line; whether, as contemporary classical composers now has- ten to assure us, they really do care if you listen.2 And indeed, these material-cultural issues are of little import for the discussion that follows. What cannot be ignored is the fundamental epistemological crisis that besets Western music as it 1 Hütter interviewed by Sergey Chernov, St.
    [Show full text]
  • Kraftwerk's Influence on Music Technology & German Cultural
    1 Through the Looking Glass: Kraftwerk’s Influence on Music Technology & German Cultural Identity Scott Shannon University of Houston, Texas, USA [email protected] Kyle J. Messick Ivy Tech Community College, Indiana, USA [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0452-0922 2 Through the Looking Glass: Kraftwerk’s Influence on Music Technology & German Cultural Identity Although the band Kraftwerk have been extensively noted for their pioneering musical style, what has been given less attention is their broader cultural impact, how they served as a source for German identity in a time of crisis, and the conditions under which their music was formed and changed over time. This article examines their influence through the sense of cultural identity Kraftwerk provided for Germanic peoples post-World War II, their fundamental influence on future musical acts that would incorporate electronics into their music, their innovation in their creation of new musical instruments/technologies, and the application of those instruments in novel performance and recording settings. Keywords: Kraftwerk, krautrock, music technology, Germanic culture, identity The Emergence of Kraftwerk & Krautrock During the 1960’s and 1970’s, popular music as a whole experienced an explosion of growth and diversification. With the developments of the progressive rock and industrial scenes in the UK, the jazz fusion scene in the US, and the krautrock/“Berlin School” scenes in Germany, music was undergoing a complete cosmopolitan renaissance heavily rooted in sonic experimentation and pushing musical boundaries in a way that had never been witnessed before. “Krautrock” was the colloquial term used to describe the experimental rock that developed in West Germany in the late 1960s that combined elements of psychedelic rock, electronic music, and a broad range of avant-garde influences.
    [Show full text]
  • I'm an African, Never Was an African-American": the Romanticization of Africa in American Hip Hop I'm a African, Never W
    K. Jeffery Leon 1 “I'm an African, Never was an African-American": The Romanticization of Africa in American Hip Hop I'm a African, never was an African-American Blacker than black I take it back to my origin … No I wasn't born in Ghana, but Africa is my momma And I did not end up here from bad karma – dead prez, “I’m A African” “The idea behind Black August is to facilitate the international cultural exchange between youth across the globe while supporting and promoting social consciousness and positive self- expression. What we got were a bunch of Yanks jerking off on the tits of Mother Africa.” – Niren Tolsi1 South Africa, August 2001. Against the backdrop of the United Nations’ World Conference Against Racism summit, several prominent hip-hop artists arrived in South Africa ready to perform a series of shows known as the Black August tour. The tour, hosted by the Malcolm X Grassroots Movement, was intended to bring awareness of Black political prisoners to audiences worldwide, as well as foster a cultural exchange of ideas and music. On the roster to perform were artists such as dead prez, Talib Kweli, Common, and Black Thought (emcee of The Roots), and they were primed to bring a fantastic show to South Africa. However, the tour imploded. The American rappers were seen by audiences as insulting and patronizing, “dispensing vague pieties about loving the motherland, and stamping across the stage to lecture the crowd about racism and reparations in the United States” (Chang 449). South African critics had a field day, as evident by the opening quote from Niren Tolsi.
    [Show full text]
  • Contexts for Hip-Hop Culture Contexts for Hip-Hop Culture
    Contexts for hip-hop culture Contexts for hip-hop culture • Mid-late 1970s: Carter aggressively deregulates and reforms labor law, beginning a long “neo-liberal” phase of the U.S. economy • 1980: former California governor Ronald Reagan wins the presidency ‣ on a wave of reaction against 70s cynicism & moral ambiguity - promised to make “America great again” ‣ preached small government = divestment from urban public housing projects Kool DJ Herc (1955-) Kool DJ Herc (1955-) • Born in Jamaica, raised in Jamaican NYC exposed to Reggae, Ska, and Dub • Began spinning records in the mid-70s at neighborhood block parties, gym dances, dance clubs, and public parks. • Noticed that his audiences responded energetically to the rhythm “breaks” on funk and salsa records • Originated “break-beat DJ-ing”: use of 2 records to create a perpetual break beat by switching back and forth between the turntables Reggae and the Genesis of Hip-Hop • IN HIP-HOP: The DJ-MC collaboration = appropriating commercial music for new purposes ‣ Jamaica, 1970s: “sound-system” shows require few resources, express rude-boy gang identity - Bronx, 1980s: "boombox"/ “ghetto blaster” culture, block parties express neighborhood identity ‣ Jamaica, 1970s: appropriated background music sets stage/tone for political speech - Bronx, 1980s: Afrika Bambaataa preaches African- American solidarity with "Zulu Nation in the Bronx" Contexts for hip-hop culture • Wave of deregulation 1980-1982 ‣ “Reaganomics” = California-style economy on Wall Street ‣ 1981: recording industry: “big three” market share doubles (40% -> 80%) ‣ exploding value of radio and TV ads • Cassette technology (1979-1990s) empowers consumers ‣ boomboxes, walkmen --> music more portable, personal ‣ unrestricted copying; “mix-tapes” = haven for consumer re-appropriation and redistribution of pop culture ‣ Expansion of U.S.
    [Show full text]