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Speculative Geology
15 Speculative Geology DALE E. SNOW We are not at peace with nature now. Whether it is the record-setting rain on the east coast or the raging wildfires in the west, distant news of melting permafrost or bleaching coral reefs, or the unexpected eruption of Mount Kilauea a few miles from here, things seem increasingly, and increasingly violently, out of control. I would like to suggest that there are resources in Schelling’s Naturphilosophie we can use in the twenty-first century to help us think differently about both the power of nature and our own relationship to it. Although Schelling saw himself, and was seen by many, as antagonistic toward the mechanical science of his own time, it would be a mistake—and a missed opportunity—to see his view as a mere Romantic reaction. It is a speculative rethinking of the idea of nature itself that finds a place for even those phenomena which seem most distant and alien. Schelling described his philosophy of nature as “speculative physics” both to distinguish it from what he calls the dogmatic or mechanistic model of nature, and to announce a new approach to natural science, concerned with the original causes of motion in nature (SW III: 275). Since every “natural phenomenon … stands in connection with the last conditions of nature” (SW III: 279), speculative physics can bring us to an understanding of nature as a system. Geology presents an illuminating case of this approach, as can be seen from Schelling’s characteristically enthusiastic introduction to a paper published by Henrik Steffens in Schelling’sJournal of Speculative Physics (Zeitschrift für speculative Physik) on the oxidization and deoxidization of the earth.1 After praising Steffens’ work on a new and better founded science of geology, Schelling reflects darkly on the too long dominant mechanical approach to geology. -
Food Delivery Platform: a Potential Tool for Monitoring the Food Environment and Mitigating Overweight/Obesity in China
OPINION published: 29 July 2021 doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.703090 Food Delivery Platform: A Potential Tool for Monitoring the Food Environment and Mitigating Overweight/Obesity in China Na Cong 1, Ai Zhao 2 and Peng Gong 1,3,4* 1 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 2 Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 3 Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 4 Departments of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Keywords: food delivery platform, food environment monitoring, overweight/obesity, health intervention, China INTRODUCTION A report on the status of nutrition and chronic diseases among Chinese citizens, released on November 23, 2020, revealed that 50.7% of Chinese adults are overweight and obese (1). The rate is Edited by: considerably higher than that in 2002 (29.9%) and 2012 (42%) (2). Overweight and obesity decrease Tong Wu, life expectancy and increase health expenditure (3). According to estimates from the Organization Research Center for for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), there is likely to be about 3 years reduced Eco-environmental Sciences life expectancy among the OECD, EU28, and G20 countries, and 92 million people are predicted to (CAS), China die prematurely due to overweight between now and 2050 (3). In addition, 311 billion dollars will Reviewed by: be spent per year (according to the USD Purchasing power parity) treating overweight and related Chaofan Xian, conditions in OECD countries (3). Nonetheless, in 2014, the number of obese people in China rose Chinese Academy of Sciences to first place in the world, and the number of severely obese people has increased to second place (CAS), China globally (4). -
SKA-Athena Synergy White Paper
SKA-Athena Synergy White Paper SKA-Athena Synergy Team July 2018. Edited by: Francisco J. Carrera and Silvia Martínez-Núñez on behalf of the Athena Community Office. Revisions provided by: Judith Croston, Andrew C. Fabian, Robert Laing, Didier Barret, Robert Braun, Kirpal Nandra Authorship Authors Rossella Cassano (INAF-Istituto di Radioastronomia, Italy). • Rob Fender (University of Oxford, United Kingdom). • Chiara Ferrari (Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, France). • Andrea Merloni (Max-Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Germany). • Contributors Takuya Akahori (Kagoshima University, Japan). • Hiroki Akamatsu (SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, The Netherlands). • Yago Ascasibar (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain). • David Ballantyne (Georgia Institute of Technology, United States). • Gianfranco Brunetti (INAF-Istituto di Radioastronomia, Italy) and Maxim Markevitch (NASA-Goddard • Space Flight Center, United States). Judith Croston (The Open University, United Kingdom). • Imma Donnarumma (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Italy) and E. M. Rossi (Leiden Observatory, The • Netherlands). Robert Ferdman (University of East Anglia, United Kingdom) on behalf of the SKA Pulsar Science • Working Group. Luigina Feretti (INAF-Istituto di Radioastronomia, Italy) and Federica Govoni (INAF Osservatorio • Astronomico,Italy). Jan Forbrich (University of Hertfordshire, United Kingdom). • Giancarlo Ghirlanda (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera and University Milano Bicocca, Italy). • Adriano Ingallinera (INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Italy). • Andrei Mesinger (Scuola Normale Superiore, Italy). • Vanessa Moss and Elaine Sadler (Sydney Institute for Astronomy/CAASTRO and University of Sydney, • Australia). Fabrizio Nicastro (Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma,Italy), Edvige Corbelli (INAF-Osservatorio As- • trofisico di Arcetri, Italy) and Luigi Piro (INAF, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Italy). Paolo Padovani (European Southern Observatory, Germany). • Francesca Panessa (INAF/Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Italy). -
Childhood Obesity Prevention in China: a Mixed-Methods Approach to Inform Development of Theoretically Based Interventions
CHILDHOOD OBESITY PREVENTION IN CHINA: A MIXED-METHODS APPROACH TO INFORM DEVELOPMENT OF THEORETICALLY BASED INTERVENTIONS By BAI LI A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Unit of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Health and Population Sciences College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of Birmingham November 2012 1 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT Background Childhood obesity is increasing rapidly in China. However, research into environmental contributors to the problem is limited. Formative research that informs theoretically based prevention interventions is also lacking. Aim and objectives To inform the development of obesity prevention interventions among urban Chinese primary school students by: 1. exploring perceived factors contributing to obesogenic behaviours, 2. exploring preferred components and delivery strategies for future preventive interventions, 3. examining the relationship of family and neighbourhood environmental factors, to child weight status as well as related dietary and physical activity behaviours. Methods A mixed-methods study was conducted in two cities in South China. Seventeen focus groups and four personal interviews were conducted with family and primary school members from four socioeconomically distinct districts (objectives 1-2). -
Sex Disparity in the Effect of Obesity in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: a Retrospective Cohort Study from the New York City Metropolitan Area
Open Access Original Article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15235 Sex Disparity in the Effect of Obesity in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study From the New York City Metropolitan Area Ashutossh Naaraayan 1 , Abhishek Nimkar 1 , Sushil Pant 1 , Amrah Hasan 1 , Momcilo Durdevic 1 , Henrik Elenius 1 , Corina Nava Suarez 1 , Stephen Jesmajian 1 1. Internal Medicine, Montefiore New Rochelle Hospital, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New Rochelle, USA Corresponding author: Ashutossh Naaraayan, [email protected] Abstract Introduction: Obesity has been recognized as a risk factor for poor outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness. We analyzed the impact of patient characteristics including obesity on hospital mortality and specifically analyzed the effect of obesity by body mass index (BMI) class and by sex. Methods: This retrospective case series included adult patients consecutively hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 illness between March 12, 2020 and May 13, 2020, at a teaching hospital in the New York City (NYC) metropolitan area. Data were manually extracted from electronic health records by the authors and included demographics, comorbidities, laboratory parameters, and outcomes (hospital mortality or discharge). We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods to explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death. Results: Some 348 patients were included in this study, of whom 207 were discharged and 141 died in the hospital. Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital death with older age and excess weight. Interestingly obesity increased mortality in women [odds ratio (OR) 4.4, confidence interval (CI) (1.4-13.5) p=0.01] but not among men [OR 1.4, CI (0.5-3.6) p=0.5]. -
Pharmaceutical Policy in China
Pharmaceutical policy in China Challenges and opportunities for reform Elias Mossialos, Yanfeng Ge, Jia Hu and Liejun Wang Pharmaceutical policy in China: challenges and opportunities for reform Pharmaceutical policy in China: challenges and opportunities for reform Elias Mossialos, Yanfeng Ge, Jia Hu and Liejun Wang London School of Economics and Political Science and Development Research Center of the State Council of China Keywords DRUG AND NARCOTIC CONTROL PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS DRUG COSTS DRUG INDUSTRY HEALTH CARE REFORM HEALTH POLICY CHINA © World Health Organization 2016 (acting as the host organization for, and secretariat of, the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies) All rights reserved. The European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. Address requests about publications to: Publications, WHO Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Marmorvej 51, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. Alternatively, complete an online request form for documentation, health information, or for permission to quote or translate, on the Regional Office web site (www.euro.who.int/pubrequest). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concern- ing the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. -
Time Trends in Fast Food Consumption and Its Association with Obesity Among Children in China
RESEARCH ARTICLE Time Trends in Fast Food Consumption and Its Association with Obesity among Children in China Hong Xue1☯, Yang Wu2☯, Xiaoyu Wang3, Youfa Wang1,2* 1 Systems-oriented Global Childhood Obesity Intervention Program, Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America, 2 Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, 3 Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Abstract Citation: Xue H, Wu Y, Wang X, Wang Y (2016) Objective Time Trends in Fast Food Consumption and Its Association with Obesity among Children in China. Study the trends in Western fast food consumption (FFC) among Chinese school-age chil- PLoS ONE 11(3): e0151141. doi:10.1371/journal. dren and the association between FFC and obesity using nationwide survey data. pone.0151141 Editor: Jaymie Meliker, Stony Brook University, Design Graduate Program in Public Health, UNITED STATES Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted to study the trends in FFC and the associations between FFC and weight status (overweight, obesity and body mass index Received: September 15, 2015 (BMI) z-score). Accepted: February 23, 2016 Published: March 14, 2016 Setting Copyright: © 2016 Xue et al. This is an open access Longitudinal data from families were collected in the 2004 and 2009 China Health and Nutri- article distributed under the terms of the Creative tion Survey (covering nine provinces throughout China). -
Achievement of 15-Year-Olds in England: PISA 2006 National Report.’ (OECD Programme for International Student Assessment)
Achievement of 15-Year- Olds in England: PISA 2015 National Report December 2016 John Jerrim and Nikki Shure. UCL Institute of Education. Contents Acknowledgements 3 Executive summary 4 Chapter 1. Introduction 11 Chapter 2. Achievement in science 23 Chapter 3. Achievement in different aspects of scientific literacy 47 Chapter 4. Achievement in mathematics 64 Chapter 5. Achievement in reading 83 Chapter 6. Variation in PISA scores by pupil characteristics 101 Chapter 7. Differences in achievement between schools 117 Chapter 8. School management and resources 129 Chapter 9. Pupils’ experiences of their time in science classes at school 146 Chapter 11. PISA across the UK 181 Appendix A. Background to the PISA study 207 Appendix B. Sample design and response rates 218 Appendix C. Testing statistical significance in PISA across cycles 224 Appendix D. The conversion of PISA scores into years of schooling 227 Appendix E. PISA 2015 mean scores 228 Appendix F. Long-term trends in PISA scores 231 Appendix G. Mean scores in the science sub-domains 236 Appendix H. List of figures 239 Appendix I. List of tables 243 2 Acknowledgements This report represents a multi-team effort. We are grateful to the teams at Educational Testing Service (ETS), Westat, cApStAn Linguistic Control, Pearson and the German Institute for International Education Research (DIPF) for their support and guidance throughout the project. In England we are grateful to the team at the Department for Education that oversaw the work, in particular Adrian Higginbotham, Emily Knowles, Bethan Knight, Joe Delafield and David Charlton. The team at RM Education (RM) managed the research consortium and the process of collecting and checking the data as well as the production of reports for participating schools; we are grateful to Dawn Pollard, Daryl Brown and Sam Smith for overseeing that. -
Preliminary Outline for Obesity in China
The Move towards Obesity: the nutrition transition in China Paper prepared for the International Economic Development Program Ford School of Public Policy University of Michigan April, 2006 Melissa D'Arcy, Patrice Harduar, Mariana Orloff, and Ana Karina Rozas Table of Contents The Move towards Obesity: the nutrition transition in China ........................................................ 1 Table of Contents............................................................................................................................ 2 Section 1: Executive Summary...................................................................................................... 3 Section 2: Introduction................................................................................................................... 3 Section 3: Important causes of obesity in China............................................................................ 4 Nutrition Transition .................................................................................................................... 4 Nutrition Transition and Economic Development in China ....................................................... 6 Nutrition Transition and the One-Child Policy........................................................................... 9 Section 4: Obesity trends in China............................................................................................... 10 Section 5: Government Policies.................................................................................................. -
The Growing Burden of Overweight and Obesity in Contemporary China
CVD Prevention and Control (2009) 4, 19–26 www.elsevier.com/locate/precon The growing burden of overweight and obesity in contemporary China Yangfeng Wu a,b,*, Rachel Huxley c, Ming Li c, Jun Ma d a Department of Epidemiology, Peking University School of Public Health, 38, Xueyuanlu, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China b The George Institute, China, Beijing, China c Nutrition and Lifestyle Division, The George Institute for International Health, University of Sydney, Australia d Institute of Children and Adolescents Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China Received 20 January 2008; revised 6 October 2008; accepted 14 November 2008 Available online 21 January 2009 KEYWORDS Summary Once considered to have one of the leanest populations, China is fast Overweight; catching up with the West. Recent estimates from the 2002 China Health and Nutri- Obesity; tion Survey indicate that nearly 215 million Chinese are affected, about 22% of adults, China 5% of children ages 0–6 years and 7% of those ages 7–17 years. Although the preva- lence of overweight and obesity in China is relatively low compared with countries in the West, it is the rate of increase that gives the greatest cause for concern. From 1992 to 2002 the prevalence of adult overweight increased by nearly 40% and that of obesity doubled. Particularly among rural Chinese who account for more than 60% of the country’s total population, the prevalence, although significantly lower than that found in urban areas, has increased two to three-fold over the 10 year time period. Studies suggest that changes to the traditional diet, reduced levels of physical activity, increased sedentary lifestyles, lack of health knowledge on obesity, and tra- ditional social attitudes towards body fatness are major drivers of the increasing trend. -
A Comparison of Students' Interest in STEM Across Science Standard
1 A COMPARISON OF STUDENTS’ INTEREST IN STEM ACROSS SCIENCE STANDARD TYPES by Brienne Kylie May Liberty University A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education Liberty University 2021 2 A COMPARISON OF STUDENTS’ INTEREST IN STEM ACROSS SCIENCE STANDARD TYPES by Brienne Kylie May A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 2021 APPROVED BY: Jillian L. Wendt, Ed.D., Committee Chair and Methodologist Michelle Barthlow, Ed.D., Committee Member 3 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my biggest cheerleader, my husband Steve, who never let me lose sight of my goal and to my daughter, Fiana, who was born right in the middle of my doctoral journey and held the position of my greatest motivator from day one. 4 Acknowledgments I would like to thank my dissertation chair, Dr. Jillian Wendt for her patience, feedback, and endless encouragement and my committee member Dr. Michelle Barthlow for her guidance and expertise. I would also like to thank the students, teachers, principals, and superintendents who contributed to my data collection during a very difficult school year. 5 Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine whether students enrolled in ninth and 10th grade science classes implementing the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) have significantly different interests in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) compared to students enrolled in classes structured around alternate state standards unrelated to the NGSS. The study also investigates how such interests may differ among genders. No research has been conducted to date to determine the potential effects of the NGSS on student interest in STEM or whether these standards impact student interest at all. -
Barry M. Popkin, Phd W
Barry M. Popkin, PhD W. R. Kenan Jr. Distinguished Professor Department of Nutrition Gillings School of Global Public Health The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Home address: 104 Mill Run Dr. Chapel Hill, NC 27514-3134 Office Address: Carolina Population Center Campus Box 8120 137 E. Franklin St. Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997 Phone: (919) 962-6139 Fax: (919) 966-9159/919-445-0740 Email: [email protected] Website: www.nutrans.org EDUCATION Ph.D., Cornell University, Agricultural Economics (1973-1974) M.S., University of Wisconsin, Economics (1968-1969) Other graduate work, University of Pennsylvania (1967-1968) B.S., University of Wisconsin, Honors in Economics (1962-1965, 1966-1967) Other undergraduate work, University of New Delhi (1965-1966) FIELDS OF INTEREST Program and policy research to arrest and prevent excessive energy imbalance and diabetes; The nutrition transition: patterns and Determinants of Dietary Trends and body composition trends (United States and many low- and middle-income countries); Obesity dynamics and their environmental causes; Dietary and physical activity patterns, trends and determinants; The creation of large-scale program and policy initiatives to address nutrition-related noncommunicable diseases. CURRENT POSITION Distinguished Professor, Department of Nutrition Fellow, Carolina Population Center Director, The Nutrition Transition Research Program Rev. January 2017 Adjunct Professor, Department of Economics Member, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center Editorial Board, PLOS Medicine, Economics and Human Biology, Appetite, Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lifestyle Medicine - Research, Prevention & Treatment of Noncommunicable Diseases SELECTED HONORS AND AWARDS (2016) World Obesity Federation Population Science & Public Health Award (2015) Chinese government’s first award for significant foreign contributions to Chinese Nutrition (2015) Conrad A.