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1-Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Lifestyle Behaviors in Children With 1-Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Lifestyle Behaviors in Children with Obesity Living in Verona, Italy: A Longitudinal Study By:Pietrobelli, A (Pietrobelli, Angelo)[ 1,2 ] ; Pecoraro, L (Pecoraro, Luca)[ 1 ] ; Ferruzzi, A (Ferruzzi, Alessandro)[ 1 ] ; Heo, M (Heo, Moonseong)[ 3 ] ; Faith, M (Faith, Myles)[ 4 ] ; Zoller, T (Zoller, Thomas)[ 1 ] ; Antoniazzi, F (Antoniazzi, Franco)[ 1 ] ; Piacentini, G (Piacentini, Giorgio)[ 1 ] ; Fearnbach, SN (Fearnbach, S. Nicole)[ 2 ] ; Heymsfield, SB (Heymsfield, Steven B.)[ 2 ] OBESITY Volume: 28 Issue: 8 Pages: 1382-1385 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22861 Published: AUG 2020 Early Access: JUL 2020 Document Type:Article Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that youths with obesity, when removed from structured school activities and confined to their homes during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, will display unfavorable trends in lifestyle behaviors. Methods The sample included 41 children and adolescents with obesity participating in a longitudinal observational study located in Verona, Italy. Lifestyle information including diet, activity, and sleep behaviors was collected at baseline and 3 weeks into the national lockdown during which home confinement was mandatory. Changes in outcomes over the two study time points were evaluated for significance using pairedttests. Results There were no changes in reported vegetable intake; fruit intake increased (P = 0.055) during the lockdown. By contrast, potato chip, red meat, and sugary drink intakes increased significantly during the lockdown (Pvalue range, 0.005 to < 0.001). Time spent in sports activities decreased by 2.30 (SD 4.60) h/wk (P = 0.003), and sleep time increased by 0.65 (SD 1.29) h/d (P = 0.003). Screen time increased by 4.85 (SD 2.40) h/d (P < 0.001). Conclusions Recognizing these adverse collateral effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic lockdown is critical in avoiding depreciation of weight control efforts among youths afflicted with excess adiposity. Depending on duration, these untoward lockdown effects may have a lasting impact on a child's or adolescent's adult adiposity level. Keywords KeyWords Plus:SCHOOL 2-Severe obesity, increasing age and male sex are independently associated with worse in - hospital outcomes, and higher in -hospital mortality, in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 in the Bronx, New York By:Palaiodimos, L (Palaiodimos, Leonidas)[ 1,2 ] ; Kokkinidis, DG (Kokkinidis, Damianos G.)[ 2,3 ] ; Li, WJ (Li, Weijia)[ 2,3 ] ; Karamanis, D (Karamanis, Dimitrios)[ 4 ] ; Ognibene, J (Ognibene, Jennifer)[ 2 ] ; Arora, S (Arora, Shitij)[ 1,2 ] ; Southern, WN (Southern, William N.)[ 1,2 ] ; Mantzoros, CS (Mantzoros, Christos S.)[ 5 ] METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL Volume: 108 Article Number: 154262 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154262 Published: JUL 2020 Document Type:Article 3-Association of Obesity with Disease Severity Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 By:Kalligeros, M (Kalligeros, Markos)[ 1 ] ; Shehadeh, F (Shehadeh, Fadi)[ 1 ] ; Mylona, EK (Mylona, Evangelia K.)[ 1 ] ; Benitez, G (Benitez, Gregorio)[ 1 ] ; Beckwith, CG (Beckwith, Curt G.)[ 1 ] ; Chan, PLA (Chan, Philip A.)[ 1,2 ] ; Mylonakis, E (Mylonakis, Eleftherios)[ 1 ] OBESITY Volume: 28 Issue: 7 Pages: 1200-1204 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22859 Published: JUL 2020 Early Access: JUN 2020 Document Type:Article Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to explore the potential association of obesity and other chronic diseases with severe outcomes, such as intensive care unit (ICU) admission and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods This study analyzed a retrospective cohort of 103 patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Demographic data, past medical history, and hospital course were collected and analyzed. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was implemented to examine associations. Results From February 17 to April 5, 103 consecutive patients were hospitalized with COVID-19. Among them, 44 patients (42.7%) were admitted to the ICU, and 29 (65.9%) required IMV. The prevalence of obesity was 47.5% (49 of 103). In a multivariate analysis, severe obesity (BMI >= 35 kg/m(2)) was associated with ICU admission (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.39, 95% CI: 1.13-25.64). Moreover, patients who required IMV were more likely to have had heart disease (aOR: 3.41, 95% CI: 1.05-11.06), obesity (BMI = 30-34.9 kg/m(2); aOR: 6.85, 95% CI: 1.05-44.82), or severe obesity (BMI >= 35 kg/m(2); aOR: 9.99, 95% CI: 1.39-71.69). Conclusions In our analysis, severe obesity (BMI >= 35 kg/m(2)) was associated with ICU admission, whereas history of heart disease and obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m(2)) were independently associated with the use of IMV. Increased vigilance and aggressive treatment of patients with obesity and COVID-19 are warranted. 4-High Prevalence of Obesity in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Requiring Invasive Mechanical Ventilation By:Simonnet, A (Simonnet, Arthur)[ 1 ] ; Chetboun, M (Chetboun, Mikael)[ 2 ] ; Poissy, J (Poissy, Julien)[ 1 ] ; Raverdy, V (Raverdy, Violeta)[ 2 ] ; Noulette, J (Noulette, Jerome)[ 2 ] ; Duhamel, A (Duhamel, Alain)[ 3 ] ; Labreuche, J (Labreuche, Julien)[ 3 ] ; Mathieu, D (Mathieu, Daniel)[ 1 ] ; Pattou, F (Pattou, Francois)[ 2,4 ] ; Jourdain, M (Jourdain, Merce)[ 1,2 ] Group Author(s): LICORN Lille COVID-19 Obesity Stud OBESITY Volume: 28 Issue: 7 Pages: 1195-1199 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22831 Published: JUL 2020 Early Access: JUN 2020 Document Type:Article Abstract Objective The COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly spreading worldwide, notably in Europe and North America where obesity is highly prevalent. The relation between obesity and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has not been fully documented. Methods This retrospective cohort study analyzed the relationship between clinical characteristics, including BMI, and the requirement for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in 124 consecutive patients admitted in intensive care for SARS-CoV-2 in a single French center. Results Obesity (BMI > 30) and severe obesity (BMI > 35) were present in 47.6% and 28.2% of cases, respectively. Overall, 85 patients (68.6%) required IMV. The proportion of patients who required IMV increased with BMI categories (P < 0.01, chi(2) test for trend), and it was greatest in patients with BMI > 35 (85.7%). In multivariate logistic regression, the need for IMV was significantly associated with male sex (P < 0.05) and BMI (P < 0.05), independent of age, diabetes, and hypertension. The odds ratio for IMV in patients with BMI > 35 versus patients with BMI < 25 was 7.36 (1.63-33.14; P = 0.02). Conclusions The present study showed a high frequency of obesity among patients admitted in intensive care for SARS-CoV-2. Disease severity increased with BMI. Obesity is a risk factor for SARS- CoV-2 severity, requiring increased attention to preventive measures in susceptible individuals. 5-Influenza and obesity: its odd relationship and the lessons for COVID-19 pandemic By:Luzi, L (Luzi, Livio)[ 1,2 ] ; Radaelli, MG (Radaelli, Maria Grazia)[ 1 ] ACTA DIABETOLOGICA Volume: 57 Issue: 6 Pages: 759-764 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01522-8 Published: JUN 2020 Early Access: APR 2020 Document Type:Article Abstract Aims Analyze the relationship between obesity and influenza. Methods Basal hormone milieu, defective response of both innate and adaptive immune system and sedentariness are major determinants in the severity of influenza viral infection in obese patients. Being overweight not only increases the risk of infection and of complications for the single obese person, but a large prevalence of obese individuals within the population might increase the chance of appearance of more virulent viral strain, prolongs the virus shedding throughout the total population and eventually might increase overall mortality rate of an influenza pandemic. Results Waiting for the development of a vaccination against COVID-19, isolation of positive cases and social distancing are the primary interventions. Nonetheless, evidence from previous influenza pandemics suggests the following interventions aimed at improving immune response: (1) lose weight with a mild caloric restriction; (2) include AMPK activators and PPAR gamma activators in the drug treatment for obesity associated with diabetes; and (3) practice mild-to-moderate physical exercise. Conclusions Due to prolonged viral shedding, quarantine in obese subjects should likely be longer than normal weight individuals. Keywords Author Keywords:Obese subjects; COVID-19; Influenza; Immune-modulation KeyWords Plus:HUMAN ADENOVIRUS-36; METABOLIC SYNDROME; VIRUS; INFLAMMATION; EXERCISE; RECEPTOR; TRENDS; MICE 6-Obesogenic environmental factors of adult obesity in China: a nationally representative cross- sectional study By:Zhang, X (Zhang, Xiao)[ 1 ] ; Zhang, M (Zhang, Mei)[ 1 ] ; Zhao, ZP (Zhao, Zhenping)[ 1 ] ; Huang, ZJ (Huang, Zhengjing)[ 1 ] ; Deng, Q (Deng, Qian)[ 1 ] ; Li, YC (Li, Yichong)[ 1 ] ; Pan, A (Pan, An)[ 2 ] ; Li, C (Li, Chun)[ 1 ] ; Chen, ZH (Chen, Zhihua)[ 1 ] ; Zhou, MG (Zhou, Maigeng)[ 1 ] ...More ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS Volume: 15 Issue: 4 Article Number: 044009 DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab6614 Published: APR 2020 Document Type:Article Abstract The prevalence of obesity is still rising among Chinese adults and may be attributed to environmental factors, which, however, has only been examined in western countries before. This study aimed to estimate associations between
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