THREATS TO THE WETLANDS

ᐳ The Ennore Pulicat ᐳ The Barrier Island ᐳ The backwaters of Araniyar wetlands complex is the that separates the Kosastha- and Kosasthalaiyar – i.e. the second largest unbroken laiyar backwaters and Pulicat Ennore-Pulicat wetlands – ser- brackish water body in . Lake from the is ve as flood plains to absorb Located in Thiruvallur District, a thin strip of sandy beaches the shocks during heavy , the wetlands with tall, well-vegetated du- rains and cyclonic storm sur- are part of the Aranaiyar- nes. Sand dunes are a biodi- ges. Encroaching on the wet- Kosasthaliayar river systems versity treasure trove and an lands can result in flooding and are bound by the Pulicat important defence against of hinterland areas with rain- Lake in the North and the Manali cyclonic winds. They block and water during monsoon, and marshlands in the south. retard the force of winds and inundation by seawater du- protect inland areas from the ring cyclones and storms. ᐳ This brackish water eco- violence of storms. The sand is system encloses multiple also a storehouse for rainwa- ecological habitats, including ter which forms a vertical sub- ᐳ These wetlands recharge salt marshes, mangroves and surface barrier that keeps the and protect the rich ground- freshwater bodies. The back- seawater from intruding into water resources in the Arani- waters and the seas off Kattu- freshwater aquifers further in- yar Kosasthalaiyar Basin (AK palli island abound with fish, land. Flattening sand dunes or Basin) from being contamina- and support 1,50,000 people paving over sandy beaches will ted by seawater. engaged in fishing and related compromise this function and activities. exacerbate salinity intrusion.

More than 3000 acres of the wetlands have been lost to:

X BPCL and HPCL’s oil storage terminals X Port infrastructure for Kamarajar Port Ltd and L&T Shipbuilding X NTECL power plant and coal ash dump

X Flyash spilled into the river from TANGEDCO’s leaking pipelines

That is why Kosasthalaiyar’s floodwaters flooded North so badly in 2015.

Imminent Threats: X Kamarajar Port intends to expand over an additional 600 acres X TANGEDCO and TANTRANSCO is encroaching into the wetlands and obliterating mangroves to construct coal conveyors and transmission towers X TNRDC is expanding its road by eating into the wetlands

XAdani Ports & SEZ’s subsidiary Marine Infrastructure Development Private Ltd plans to construct a mega port and SEZ in the region O 2000 acres of new land will be created by dumping dredged sea sand and river sand into the sea. This will smother the fishing grounds which are a rich habitat for prawns and crabs O An additional 2000 acres will be reclaimed by dumping sand, earth and debris on salt marshes, salt pans, irrigation tanks, ponds, water channels, freshwater springs and other water-related Poromboke areas O The Kattupalli dunes will be levelled and paved for port facilities. This will cause groundwater aquifers to turn saline. X About 6 km of beach will be privatised, paved and blocked off. The river mouth will be blocked intensify the risk of disastrous flooding in Thiruvallur and coastal Andhra Pradesh. X Erosion triggered by the breakwater will breach the thin Kattupalli barrier island and merge Pulicat lagoon with the Bay. X The fishing villages on the barrier island – Korakuppam, Vairavankuppam, Arangankuppam, Lighthouse and Koonankuppam – will be lost to the sea due to sea erosion triggered by the port. X Villages like Senganimedu, Urnambedu to the west will lose grazing lands and their livestock- dependent economy. X The encroachments will place 10 lakh people in the assembly constituencies of Thiruvottiyur, R.K. Nagar, , and at a heightened risk of disastrous flooding and water stress. ADANI PORT - Key Information

Investment: A sum of Rs. 53,031 crores is mentioned as the total capital cost for the proposed Revised Master Plan development

Cargo handling 24.65 MTPA is current Total Handling Capacity at the Port. Is proposed to be increa- capacity: sed to 320 MTPA, which is a third of the combined capacity of all ports in India.

Land use: For the expansion of the port, an additional area of 2339.35 Ha is proposed and out of which 796.15 Ha (approx.) area will be reclaimed from the sea.

Breakwater length: The length of two new proposed breakwater is about 12.10 km. The two new break- waters are northern breakwaters (9.02 & 1.22 km) and southern breakwater (1.86

Soil Dredging: 85 Million m³ of sea sand will be dredged. This will be used for using to 2800 ac- res from sea and inland waterbodies. Additional river sand of 53 million m3 will be quarried from Palar basin, and used to reclaim waterbodies. Type of cargo: Containers, Ro-Ro –Automobiles, Project Cargo, Break Bulk/general cargo (Barytes/ Gypsum/Limestone) Length along coast Old length: 2.144km (South to North): New length: 6 km

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