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SOMALIË Veiligheidssituatie in Mogadishu

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SOMALIË Veiligheidssituatie in Mogadishu COMMISSARIAAT-GENERAAL VOOR DE VLUCHTELINGEN EN DE STAATLOZEN COI Focus SOMALIË Veiligheidssituatie in Mogadishu 21 april 2020 (update) Cedoca Oorspronkelijke taal: Nederlands DISCLAIMER: Dit COI-product is geschreven door de documentatie- en researchdienst This COI-product has been written by Cedoca, the Documentation and Cedoca van het CGVS en geeft informatie voor de behandeling van Research Department of the CGRS, and it provides information for the individuele verzoeken om internationale bescherming. Het document bevat processing of individual applications for international protection. The geen beleidsrichtlijnen of opinies en oordeelt niet over de waarde van het document does not contain policy guidelines or opinions and does not pass verzoek om internationale bescherming. Het volgt de richtlijnen van de judgment on the merits of the application for international protection. It follows Europese Unie voor de behandeling van informatie over herkomstlanden van the Common EU Guidelines for processing country of origin information (April april 2008 en is opgesteld conform de van kracht zijnde wettelijke bepalingen. 2008) and is written in accordance with the statutory legal provisions. De auteur heeft de tekst gebaseerd op een zo ruim mogelijk aanbod aan The author has based the text on a wide range of public information selected zorgvuldig geselecteerde publieke informatie en heeft de bronnen aan elkaar with care and with a permanent concern for crosschecking sources. Even getoetst. Het document probeert alle relevante aspecten van het onderwerp though the document tries to cover all the relevant aspects of the subject, the te behandelen, maar is niet noodzakelijk exhaustief. Als bepaalde text is not necessarily exhaustive. If certain events, people or organisations gebeurtenissen, personen of organisaties niet vernoemd worden, betekent dit are not mentioned, this does not mean that they did not exist. niet dat ze niet bestaan hebben. All the sources used are briefly mentioned in a footnote and described in detail Alle gebruikte bronnen staan kort vermeld in een voetnoot en uitgebreid in a bibliography at the end of the document. Sources which have been beschreven in een bibliografie achteraan het document. Bronnen die consulted but which were not used are listed as consulted sources. In geconsulteerd maar niet gebruikt werden, staan in een lijst van geraadpleegde exceptional cases, sources are not mentioned by name. When specific bronnen. In uitzonderlijke gevallen worden bronnen niet bij naam genoemd. information from this document is used, the user is asked to quote the source Wie specifieke informatie uit dit document gebruikt, moet de bronverwijzing uit mentioned in the bibliography. de bibliografie vermelden. This document can only be published or distributed with the written consent of Publicatie of verspreiding van dit document is alleen mogelijk na schriftelijke the Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons. toestemming van het Commissariaat-generaal voor de Vluchtelingen en de Staatlozen. Ernest Blerotstraat 39, 1070 BRUSSEL T 02 205 51 11 F 02 205 50 01 [email protected] www.cgvs.be SOMALIË. Veiligheidssituatie in Mogadishu 21 april 2020 Inhoudstafel Lijst van afkortingen .......................................................................................................... 3 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................. 6 Kaart .................................................................................................................................. 8 1. Korte geschiedenis ......................................................................................................... 9 2. Huidige toestand van het conflict ................................................................................. 11 3. Strijdende partijen ....................................................................................................... 14 3.1. Terreurorganisaties ..................................................................................................... 14 3.1.1. Harakaat al-Shabaab al-Mujaahidiin ......................................................................... 14 3.1.2. Islamitische Staat in Irak en de Levant in Somalië ..................................................... 15 3.2. Nationale en internationale strijdkrachten ...................................................................... 17 3.2.1. Somalische veiligheidsdiensten................................................................................ 17 3.2.2. African Union Mission in Somalia ............................................................................. 21 3.3. Andere mogendheden ................................................................................................. 22 3.4. Andere gewapende groepen en milities .......................................................................... 23 4. Typologie van het geweld ............................................................................................. 23 4.1. Aantal incidenten ........................................................................................................ 24 4.2. Aard van de incidenten ................................................................................................ 25 5. Doelwitten van het geweld ........................................................................................... 29 5.1. Data ......................................................................................................................... 30 5.2. Analyse ..................................................................................................................... 32 6. Geografische verdeling ................................................................................................. 34 7. Verplaatsingen van de bevolking .................................................................................. 37 7.1. Algemeen .................................................................................................................. 37 7.2. Ontheemden uit Mogadishu .......................................................................................... 38 7.3. Ontheemden naar Mogadishu ....................................................................................... 38 7.4. Terugkeer .................................................................................................................. 39 7.4.1. Terugkeer naar Mogadishu vanuit Kenia ................................................................... 40 7.4.2. Terugkeer naar Mogadishu vanuit Jemen .................................................................. 41 7.4.3. Terugkeer naar Mogadishu vanuit Libië .................................................................... 42 7.4.4. Terugkeer vanuit de diaspora .................................................................................. 42 8. Impact van het geweld op het dagelijkse leven ............................................................ 43 8.1. Ordehandhavingsdiensten en mogelijkheid tot bescherming van de burgers ....................... 44 8.2. Bewegingsvrijheid, transportmiddelen en veiligheid op de verkeersaders ........................... 45 8.3. Algemene economische activiteit .................................................................................. 47 8.4. Gezondheidszorg, onderwijs, werkgelegenheid, huisvesting, diensten ............................... 48 8.4.1. Gezondheidszorg ................................................................................................... 48 8.4.2. Onderwijs ............................................................................................................. 49 8.4.3. Werkgelegenheid ................................................................................................... 51 8.4.4. Huisvesting ........................................................................................................... 52 8.4.5. Dienstverlening (water en elektriciteit) ..................................................................... 53 9. Rechtspraak EHRM en Verenigd Koninkrijk .................................................................. 54 Samenvatting ................................................................................................................... 56 Bibliografie ....................................................................................................................... 58 Pagina 2 van 79 CG – 825b N SOMALIË. Veiligheidssituatie in Mogadishu 21 april 2020 Lijst van afkortingen ACCORD Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation ACLED Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project AFP Agence France Presse AFRICOM United States Africa Command AMISOM African Union Mission in Somalia AOAV Action On Armed Violence AS Harakaat al-Shabaab al-Mujaahidiin of al-Shabaab ASR Assisted Spontaneous Return AU Afrikaanse Unie AWEPA Association of European Parliamentarians with Africa BRA Banadir Regional Administration CCTARC Civilian Casualty Tracking Analysis and Response Cell CCTV Closed-Circuit Television camera CTC Combating Terrorism Center DDG Danish Demining Group CFR Council for Foreign Relations DW Deutsche Welle EASO European Asylum Support Office EHRM Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens EU Europese Unie EUCAP European Union Capacity Building Mission in Somalia EUTM European Union Training Mission Somalia FGS Federal Government of Somalia
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