Land at Goldborough Broadtown Wiltshire Heritage Desk-Based
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Land at Goldborough Broadtown Wiltshire Heritage Desk-Based Assessment for Good Energy Generation CA Project: 4537 CA Report: 13532 September 2013 Land at Goldborough Broad Town Wiltshire Heritage Desk-Based Assessment CA Project: 4537 CA Report: 13532 prepared by Rosey Meara, Heritage Consultant date September 2013 checked by Duncan Coe, Senior Heritage Consultant date September 2013 approved by Duncan Coe, Senior Heritage Consultant signed date September 2013 issue 01 This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission. © Cotswold Archaeology Cirencester Milton Keynes Andover Building 11 Unit 4 Office 49 Kemble Enterprise Park Cromwell Business Centre Basepoint Business Centre Kemble, Cirencester Howard Way, Newport Pagnell Caxton Close, Andover Gloucestershire, GL7 6BQ MK16 9QS Hampshire, SP10 3FG t. 01285 771022 t. 01908 218320 t. 01264 326549 f. 01285 771033 e. [email protected] © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Goldborough, Broad Town, Wiltshire: Heritage Desk-Based Assessment CONTENTS SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... 1 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 2 Outline ................................................................................................................ 2 Location and landscape context ......................................................................... 2 Objectives, scope and consultation .................................................................... 2 2. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................... 3 3. PLANNING POLICY CONTEXT ........................................................................ 6 Planning policy and guidance context ................................................................ 6 National policy: National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) (2012) ................. 6 Local Planning Policy ......................................................................................... 8 4. BASELINE SURVEY ......................................................................................... 9 Summary of designated heritage assets ............................................................. 9 Summary of non-designated or potential heritage assets ................................... 10 Geology, topography and the paleoenvironment ................................................ 11 Prehistoric (pre AD 43) and Roman (AD 43 – AD 410) ....................................... 11 Early medieval (AD 410 to 1066) and medieval (AD 1066 to 1539) .................... 11 Post-medieval (1540 – 1800) and Modern (1801 – present) ............................... 12 5. SETTINGS ASSESSMENT ................................................................................ 14 6 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................. 20 8 REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 21 APPENDIX A: GAZETTEER OF RECORDED HERITAGE ASSETS AND OTHER ELEMENTS OF THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT ......................................................... 22 APPENDIX B: EXTRACT FROM THE HEDGEROWS REGULATIONS 1997 ................ 23 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Goldborough, Broad Town, Wiltshire: Heritage Desk-Based Assessment LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site location plan Fig. 2 Location of recorded heritage sites and designated heritage assets Fig. 3 Extract from the map of 1757 Fig. 4 Extract from the Clyffe Pypard Parish Tithe map of 1844 Fig. 5 Extract from the First Edition Ordnance Survey map of 1886 Photo Fig. 1 Curved field boundary within proposed development site Photo Fig. 2 Area of slight ridge and furrow earthworks within proposed development site Photo Fig. 3 Area of former buildings within proposed development site Photo Fig. 4 Corrugated tin shed within proposed development site Photo Fig. 5 View towards Cotmarsh from southern area of proposed development site, view to south-west Photo Fig. 6 View south-west from within proposed development site Photo Fig. 7 View towards proposed development site from road adjacent to Wootton Fields Farm (Fig. 2, 3 and 4), view to south-east Photo Fig. 8 View towards proposed development site from Bincknoll Camp (Fig. 2, 1), view to north-west Photo Fig. 9 View towards proposed development site from footpath to south of Bincknoll Camp (Fig. 2, 2), view to north-west © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Goldborough, Broad Town, Wiltshire: Heritage Desk-Based Assessment SUMMARY Project Name: Land at Goldborough, Broad Town Location: Wiltshire NGR: SU 0841 8037 In August 2013 Cotswold Archaeology was commissioned by Good Energy Generation to carry out a Heritage Desk-Based Assessment of land at Goldborough, Broad Town, Wiltshire. The objective of the assessment was to identify the nature and extent of the recorded heritage resource both within the site and its immediate environs. A solar farm is proposed for the site. The desk-based assessment has not identified any evidence to indicate that the proposed development site was a focus for prehistoric or Roman activity. The area was most likely marshland prior to enclosure in the medieval/post-medieval periods. Any remains of buildings associated with the historic Goldborough Farmhouse, recorded within the proposed development site on 18th and 19th-century cartographic sources, and drainage channels visible on 1940s aerial photographs, are considered to be of limited heritage significance. Slight extant ridge and furrow earthworks, most likely of post-medieval origin, are also considered to be of limited heritage significance. Current design plans show that areas of former buildings will not be impacted by the proposed development. Hedgerows within the proposed development are considered to have statutory protection under the Hedgerow Regulations 1997 (criteria for archaeology and history, reproduced in full in Appendix B) as they are depicted on a source which pre-dates the Enclosure Act for the parish. These hedgerows are considered to be of local heritage significance. Hedgerows will be retained within the proposed development. The proposed development will not adversely impact designated heritage assets in the vicinity. Specifically, it will not adversely impact the Grade II Listed buildings at Wootton Fields Farm, Lower Ham Farmhouse or at Cotmarsh, or Bincknoll Camp Scheduled Monument. 1 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Goldborough, Broad Town, Wiltshire: Heritage Desk-Based Assessment 1. INTRODUCTION Outline 1.1 In August 2013 Cotswold Archaeology was commissioned by Good Energy Generation to carry out a Heritage Desk-Based Assessment of land at Goldborough, Broad Town, Wiltshire (centred on NGR SU 0841 8037, Fig. 1). A solar farm is proposed for the site. Location and landscape context 1.2 The proposed development site is approximately 22.6ha in area and is located c. 1.5km south of Wootton Bassett. The proposed development site is bounded to the west by residential properties (Goldborough Cottages) and Broadtown Lane, and to the north, east and south by agricultural fields. The proposed development site is situated across agricultural fields, pasture at the time of the site visit. Boundaries are predominantly hedgerow. A small block of woodland is located within the southern area of the proposed development site. Objectives, scope and consultation 1.3 The assessment focuses upon the cultural heritage resource of the site itself, although the heritage resource of a minimum 1km ‘buffer’ around the site has also been assessed in detail, referred to as the ‘study area’ (Fig. 2). 1.4 The main objectives of the assessment were: • to identify and gather information on designated heritage assets within the site and study area; • to identify and gather information on non-designated heritage assets within the site and the study area; • to assess the above baseline information and offer an analysis of the potential for currently unrecorded heritage assets within the site; and • to provide an assessment of the potential impact of the proposed development upon the significance of Grade II Listed buildings within the study area, and upon Bincknoll Camp c. 2.2km south-east of the proposed development site. 2 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Goldborough, Broad Town, Wiltshire: Heritage Desk-Based Assessment 2. METHODOLOGY 2.1 The methodology employed during this assessment was based upon key professional guidance including the ‘Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment’ (Institute for Archaeologists 2012); The Setting of Heritage Assets: English Heritage Guidance (2011); and the English Heritage ‘Conservation Principles’ (2008). 2.2 A study area was defined (as described in paragraph 1.4 above) in order to better contextualise the identified heritage resource by enabling examination of its wider landscape setting. The baseline data is discussed in Section 4 and a gazetteer of all known and potential heritage assets is provided in Appendix A. All heritage assets have been attributed a unique reference number and their locations are recorded on Fig. 2. 2.3 The baseline survey involved