DOCSLIB.ORG

Federal Register/Vol. 84, No. 229/Wednesday, November 27

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Federal Register/Vol. 84, No. 229/Wednesday, November 27 Federal Register / Vol. 84, No. 229 / Wednesday, November 27, 2019 / Notices 65353 consideration during the meeting, and reports-species-stock#cetaceans---large- Background to ensure transmission to the Committee whales. Section 117 of the MMPA (16 U.S.C. prior to the meeting, comments must be Copies of the Alaska Regional SARs 1361 et seq.) requires NMFS and the received no later than 5:00 p.m. EST on may be requested from Marcia Muto, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) to Monday, December 16, 2019. Comments Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, prepare stock assessments for each stock received after that date will be 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA of marine mammals occurring in waters distributed to the members but may not 98115–6349. under the jurisdiction of the United be considered at the meeting. Copies of the Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, States, including the U.S. Exclusive Copies of CINTAC meeting minutes and Caribbean Regional SARs may be Economic Zone. These reports must will be available within 90 days of the requested from Elizabeth Josephson, contain information regarding the meeting. Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 166 distribution and abundance of the stock, Dated: November 14, 2019. Water St., Woods Hole, MA 02543. population growth rates and trends, Devin Horne, Copies of the Pacific Regional SARs estimates of annual human-caused Designated Federal Officer, Office of Energy may be requested from Jim Carretta, mortality and serious injury (M/SI) from and Environmental Industries. Southwest Fisheries Science Center, all sources, descriptions of the fisheries [FR Doc. 2019–25786 Filed 11–26–19; 8:45 am] 8604 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA with which the stock interacts, and the BILLING CODE 3510–DR–P 92037–1508. status of the stock. Initial reports were You may submit comments or new completed in 1995. The MMPA requires NMFS and FWS information, identified by NOAA– to review the SARs at least annually for DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NMFS–2019–0090, by either of the strategic stocks and stocks for which following methods: National Oceanic and Atmospheric significant new information is available, Administration Federal e-Rulemaking Portal: Go to and at least once every three years for www.regulations.gov/ non-strategic stocks. The term ‘‘strategic #!docketDetail;D=NOAA-NMFS-2019- [RTID 0648–XV011] stock’’ means a marine mammal stock: 0090, click the ‘‘Comment Now!’’ icon, (A) For which the level of direct human- Draft 2019 Marine Mammal Stock complete the required fields, and enter caused mortality exceeds the potential Assessment Reports or attach your comments. biological removal level or PBR (defined Mail: Send comments, new by the MMPA as the maximum number AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries information, or requests for copies of of animals, not including natural Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and reports to: Dr. Zachary Schakner, mortalities, that may be removed from a Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Protected Species Science Branch, marine mammal stock while allowing Commerce. Office of Science and Technology, that stock to reach or maintain its ACTION: Notice; request for comments National Marine Fisheries Service, 1315 optimum sustainable population); (B) and new information. East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD which, based on the best available 20910–3226, Attn: Stock Assessments. scientific information, is declining and SUMMARY: NMFS reviewed the Alaska, is likely to be listed as a threatened Atlantic, and Pacific regional marine Instructions: NMFS may not consider species under the Endangered Species mammal stock assessment reports comments if they are sent by any other Act (ESA) within the foreseeable future; (SARs) in accordance with the Marine method, to any other address or or (C) which is listed as a threatened Mammal Protection Act (MMPA). SARs individual, or received after the end of species or endangered species under the for marine mammals in the Alaska, the comment period. All comments ESA. NMFS and the FWS are required Atlantic, and Pacific regions were received are a part of the public record to revise a SAR if the status of the stock revised according to new information. and will generally be posted for public has changed or can be more accurately NMFS solicits public comments on the viewing on www.regulations.gov without change. All personal identifying determined. draft 2019 SARs. In addition to releasing Prior to public review, the updated draft 2019 Pacific SARs for public information (e.g., name, address, etc.), confidential business information, or SARs under NMFS’ jurisdiction are comment, NMFS is also providing an peer-reviewed within NMFS Fisheries opportunity to comment on the final otherwise sensitive information submitted voluntarily by the sender will Science Centers and by members of 2018 Western North Pacific (WNP) gray three regional independent Scientific whale SAR previously published in the be publicly accessible. NMFS will accept anonymous comments (enter ‘‘N/ Review Groups, established under the Federal Register on June 19, 2019 (84 MMPA to independently advise NMFS FR 28489). NMFS is also requesting new A’’ in the required fields if you wish to remain anonymous). on information and uncertainties related information for strategic stocks that to the status of marine mammals. were not updated in 2019. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dr. The period covered by the 2019 draft DATES: Comments must be received by Zachary Schakner, Office of Science and SARs is 2013–2017. NMFS reviewed the February 25, 2020. Technology, 301–427–8106, status of all marine mammal strategic ADDRESSES: The 2019 draft SARs are [email protected]; Marcia stocks as required and considered available in electronic form via the Muto, 206–526–4026, Marcia.Muto@ whether significant new information internet at https:// noaa.gov, regarding Alaska regional was available for all other stocks under www.fisheries.noaa.gov/national/ stock assessments; Elizabeth Josephson, NMFS’ jurisdiction. As a result of this marine-mammal-protection/draft- 508–495–2362, Elizabeth.Josephson@ review, NMFS revised a total of 65 marine-mammal-stock-assessment- noaa.gov, regarding Atlantic, Gulf of reports representing 76 stocks in the reports. The 2018 final Gray Whale Mexico, and Caribbean regional stock Alaska, Atlantic, and Pacific regions to Western North Pacific SAR is available assessments; or Jim Carretta, 858–546– incorporate new information. The 2019 at https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/ 7171, [email protected], regarding revisions consist primarily of updated national/marine-mammal-protection/ Pacific regional stock assessments. or revised M/SI estimate, updated marine-mammal-stock-assessment- SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: abundance estimates, including the VerDate Sep<11>2014 20:21 Nov 26, 2019 Jkt 250001 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 E:\FR\FM\27NON1.SGM 27NON1 65354 Federal Register / Vol. 84, No. 229 / Wednesday, November 27, 2019 / Notices application of an established capture- public comment, NMFS is also into the SARs, and other information on mark-recapture method to estimate the providing an opportunity to comment emerging concerns for a strategic stock. abundance of Gulf of Maine humpback on the final 2018 WNP gray whale SAR Alaska Reports whales, and the introduction of a new previously published in the Federal method for estimating cryptic mortality Register on June 19, 2019 (84 FR 28489). In 2019, NMFS reviewed all 45 stocks for Gulf of Maine humpback whales and NMFS is providing this opportunity in the Alaska region for new North Atlantic right whales. One stock because of the difference in abundance information, and revised 18 SARs under (Alaska ringed seal) changed in status reported in the draft and final reports. NMFS jurisdiction representing 29 from non-strategic to strategic, and four To ensure NMFS is aware of new stocks (15 strategic and 14 non- stocks (Western North Atlantic false information relevant to all strategic strategic). The Alaska ringed seal stock killer whale and St. Andrew Bay, St. stocks, NMFS requests new information changed from non-strategic to strategic Joseph Bay, and West Bay common for strategic stocks that were not status because the stock is now bottlenose dolphin stocks) changed in updated in 2019. Specifically, new considered threatened under the ESA status from strategic to non-strategic. relevant information could include (see below). A list of the 29 stocks Substantive revisions to the SARs are peer-reviewed information on human- revised in 2019 for the Alaska region discussed below. caused serious injury and mortality, (contained in 18 reports) is presented in NMFS solicits public comments on fishery interactions, abundance, Table 1. Information on the remaining the draft 2019 SARs. In addition to distribution, stock structure and habitat Alaska region stocks can be found in the releasing draft 2019 Pacific SARs for concerns, which could be incorporated final 2018 reports (Muto et al., 2019). TABLE 1—LIST OF MARINE MAMMAL STOCKS IN THE ALASKA REGION REVISED IN 2019 Strategic stocks Non-strategic stocks • Steller sea lion, Western U.S ............................................................... • Steller sea lion, Eastern U.S. • Northern fur seal, Eastern Pacific ......................................................... • Harbor seals (12 stocks): • Bearded seal, Alaska ............................................................................ Æ Aleutian Islands. • Ringed seal, Alaska .............................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Abundance of Marine Mammals in Waters of the U.S. Southeastern Atlantic During Summer 2016
    Southeast Fisheries Science Center Reference Document PRD-2020-04 Abundance of Marine Mammals in waters of the U.S. Southeastern Atlantic During Summer 2016 Lance P. Garrison U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center 75 Virginia Beach Drive Miami, FL 33149 [email protected] April 2020 1. BACKGROUND AND STUDY OBJECTIVES In this report, we describe the results of a large vessel, visual line-transect survey conducted by the NMFS, Southeast Fisheries Science Center in U.S. waters of the U.S. Atlantic coast during the summer of 2016. The primary objective of the survey was to collect data and samples to support assessment of the abundance, habitats, and spatial distribution of cetaceans within U.S. waters. These data and resulting abundance estimates support the assessment of marine mammal stocks as required under the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) The MMPA requires that stocks of marine mammal species in U.S. waters be maintained at or above their optimum sustainable population level (OSP), defined as the number of animals which results in the maximum net productivity. To meet this requirement, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) conducts research to define stock structure, and for each stock, estimates annual human-caused mortality and potential biological removal (PBR), the maximum number of animals that may be removed from a stock due to human activities (e.g., fisheries bycatch) while allowing the stock to reach or maintain its OSP. PBR is calculated following specific criteria using the estimated minimum abundance of the stock, its maximum net productivity rate (theoretical or estimated), and a recovery factor (Barlow et al., 1995; Wade and Angliss, 1997).
    [Show full text]
  • Cetacean Records Along a Coastal-Offshore Gradient in the Vitória
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.21812 Cetacean records along a coastal-offshore gradient in the Vitória- Trindade Chain, western South Atlantic Ocean Wedekin, LL.a*, Rossi-Santos, MR.a, Baracho, C.a, Cypriano-Souza, AL.a,b and Simões-Lopes, PC.c aInstituto Baleia Jubarte, Rua Barão do Rio Branco, 125, CEP 45900-000, Caravelas, BA, Brazil bLaboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul – PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, CEP 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil cLaboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos – LAMAQ, Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina – UFSC, Campus Universitário, CP 5102, Trindade, CEP 88040-970, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil *e-mail: [email protected] Received: November 2, 2012 – Accepted: December 27, 2012 – Distributed: February 28, 2014 (With 2 figures) Abstract Oceanic waters are difficult to assess, and there are many gaps in knowledge regarding cetacean occurrence. To fill some of these gaps, this article provides important cetacean records obtained in the winter of 2010 during a dedicated expedition to collect visual and acoustic information in the Vitória-Trindade seamounts. We observed 19 groups of cetaceans along a 1300-km search trajectory, with six species being identified: the humpback whale Megaptera( novaeangliae, N = 9 groups), the fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus, N = 1), the Antarctic minke whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis, N = 1), the rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis, N = 1), the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus, N = 2), and the killer whale (Orcinus orca, N = 1). Most humpback whale groups (N = 7; 78%) were observed in the Vitória-Trindade seamounts, especially the mounts close to the Abrolhos Bank.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CASE AGAINST Marine Mammals in Captivity Authors: Naomi A
    s l a m m a y t T i M S N v I i A e G t A n i p E S r a A C a C E H n T M i THE CASE AGAINST Marine Mammals in Captivity The Humane Society of the United State s/ World Society for the Protection of Animals 2009 1 1 1 2 0 A M , n o t s o g B r o . 1 a 0 s 2 u - e a t i p s u S w , t e e r t S h t u o S 9 8 THE CASE AGAINST Marine Mammals in Captivity Authors: Naomi A. Rose, E.C.M. Parsons, and Richard Farinato, 4th edition Editors: Naomi A. Rose and Debra Firmani, 4th edition ©2009 The Humane Society of the United States and the World Society for the Protection of Animals. All rights reserved. ©2008 The HSUS. All rights reserved. Printed on recycled paper, acid free and elemental chlorine free, with soy-based ink. Cover: ©iStockphoto.com/Ying Ying Wong Overview n the debate over marine mammals in captivity, the of the natural environment. The truth is that marine mammals have evolved physically and behaviorally to survive these rigors. public display industry maintains that marine mammal For example, nearly every kind of marine mammal, from sea lion Iexhibits serve a valuable conservation function, people to dolphin, travels large distances daily in a search for food. In learn important information from seeing live animals, and captivity, natural feeding and foraging patterns are completely lost.
    [Show full text]
  • 213 Subpart I—Taking and Importing Marine Mammals
    National Marine Fisheries Service/NOAA, Commerce Pt. 218 regulations or that result in no more PART 218—REGULATIONS GOV- than a minor change in the total esti- ERNING THE TAKING AND IM- mated number of takes (or distribution PORTING OF MARINE MAM- by species or years), NMFS may pub- lish a notice of proposed LOA in the MALS FEDERAL REGISTER, including the asso- ciated analysis of the change, and so- Subparts A–B [Reserved] licit public comment before issuing the Subpart C—Taking Marine Mammals Inci- LOA. dental to U.S. Navy Marine Structure (c) A LOA issued under § 216.106 of Maintenance and Pile Replacement in this chapter and § 217.256 for the activ- Washington ity identified in § 217.250 may be modi- fied by NMFS under the following cir- 218.20 Specified activity and specified geo- cumstances: graphical region. (1) Adaptive Management—NMFS 218.21 Effective dates. may modify (including augment) the 218.22 Permissible methods of taking. existing mitigation, monitoring, or re- 218.23 Prohibitions. porting measures (after consulting 218.24 Mitigation requirements. with Navy regarding the practicability 218.25 Requirements for monitoring and re- porting. of the modifications) if doing so cre- 218.26 Letters of Authorization. ates a reasonable likelihood of more ef- 218.27 Renewals and modifications of Let- fectively accomplishing the goals of ters of Authorization. the mitigation and monitoring set 218.28–218.29 [Reserved] forth in the preamble for these regula- tions. Subpart D—Taking Marine Mammals Inci- (i) Possible sources of data that could dental to U.S. Navy Construction Ac- contribute to the decision to modify tivities at Naval Weapons Station Seal the mitigation, monitoring, or report- Beach, California ing measures in a LOA: (A) Results from Navy’s monitoring 218.30 Specified activity and specified geo- graphical region.
    [Show full text]
  • FC Inshore Cetacean Species Identification
    Falklands Conservation PO BOX 26, Falkland Islands, FIQQ 1ZZ +500 22247 [email protected] www.falklandsconservation.com FC Inshore Cetacean Species Identification Introduction This guide outlines the key features that can be used to distinguish between the six most common cetacean species that inhabit Falklands' waters. A number of additional cetacean species may occasionally be seen in coastal waters, for example the fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus), the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), the long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) and the dusky dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus). A full list of the species that have been documented to date around the Falklands can be found in Appendix 1. Note that many of these are typical of deeper, oceanic waters, and are unlikely to be encountered along the coast. The six species (or seven species, including two species of minke whale) described in this document are observed regularly in shallow, nearshore waters, and are the focus of this identification guide. Questions and further information For any questions about species identification then please contact the Cetaceans Project Officer Caroline Weir who will be happy to help you try and identify your sighting: Tel: 22247 Email: [email protected] Useful identification guides If you wish to learn more about the identification features of various species, some comprehensive field guides (which include all cetacean species globally) include: Handbook of Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises by Mark Carwardine. 2019. Marine Mammals of the World: A Comprehensive Guide to Their Identification by Thomas A. Jefferson, Marc A. Webber, and Robert L. Pitman. 2015. Whales, Dolphins and Seals: A Field Guide to the Marine Mammals of the World by Hadoram Shirihai and Brett Jarrett.
    [Show full text]
  • Atlantic Spotted Dolphin (Stenella Frontalis) and Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops Truncatus) Nearshore Distribution, Bimini, the Bahamas
    Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations HCNSO Student Work 4-29-2020 Atlantic Spotted Dolphin (Stenella frontalis) and Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Nearshore Distribution, Bimini, The Bahamas Skylar L. Muller Nova Southeastern University Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd Part of the Marine Biology Commons, and the Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons Share Feedback About This Item NSUWorks Citation Skylar L. Muller. 2020. Atlantic Spotted Dolphin (Stenella frontalis) and Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Nearshore Distribution, Bimini, The Bahamas. Master's thesis. Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved from NSUWorks, . (530) https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/530. This Thesis is brought to you by the HCNSO Student Work at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thesis of Skylar L. Muller Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science M.S. Marine Biology Nova Southeastern University Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography April 2020 Approved: Thesis Committee Major Professor: Amy C. Hirons, Ph.D. Committee Member: Kathleen M. Dudzinski, Ph.D. Committee Member: Bernhard Riegl, Ph.D. This thesis is available at NSUWorks: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/530 NOVA SOUTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY HALMOS COLLEGE OF NATURAL SCIENCES
    [Show full text]
  • Z Dolphin Rescue
    z Annual newsletter of the Blue World Institute for Marine Research and Conservation 2007. bottlenose dolphin can weigh up to 350kg which is normally supported by the water. The animal Dolphin rescue should be supported in a stretcher where possible and not left on any hard surfaces, this may dam- age the fragile bone structure of the ribs and the animal’s internal organs. Untrained help therefore from concerned citizens, although understand- able, should be avoided. Veterinary help should applied only by those individuals that have been trained on an internationally recognised cetacean medical course. The serious issue related to the transmission of diseases in cetacean species and populations and to their handling has been dis- cussed in detail at the 59th Annual Meeting of the Scientific Committee of the International Whaling Commission, which Croatia has recently joined. Blue World is a professional scientific organisation regularly participating in workshops and meetings organised by European and world experts trained in cetacean veterinary medicine. The above rec- ommendations follow the international standards of present knowledge on cetacean and dolphin Dolphin rescue is an unusually hard and extremely advice remains the same in this instance: please rescue techniques. In the past, Blue World has complex procedure. Unfortunately it is rarely suc- leave the animals alone, not to catch them or try proposed the creation of a national rescue centre cessful. Any attempt to rescue a whale or dolphin to get in contact with them, not to go into the for endangered and protected marine organisms, should be only carried out by expert personnel sea and swim with them, the best human help to particularly marine turtles and cetaceans, and a specially trained in this procedure.
    [Show full text]
  • Subpart X—Taking and Importing of Marine Mammals
    National Marine Fisheries Service/NOAA, Commerce § 218.230 without prior notification and an op- (Balaena mysticetus), Bryde’s whale portunity for public comment. Notifi- (Balaenoptera edeni), fin whale cation will be published in the FED- (Balaenoptera physalus), gray whale ERAL REGISTER within 30 days subse- (Eschrichtius robustus), humpback whale quent to the action. (Megaptera novaeangliae), minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), North At- Subparts S–W [Reserved] lantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis), North Pacific right whale (Eubalena ja- Subpart X—Taking and Importing ponica), pygmy right whale of Marine Mammals; Navy (Caperamarginata), sei whale Operations of Surveillance (Balaenoptera borealis), southern right Towed Array Sensor System whale (Eubalaena australis), Low Frequency Active (2) Odontocetes–Andrew’s beaked (SURTASS LFA) Sonar whale (Mesoplodon bowdoini), Arnoux’s beaked whale (Berardius arnuxii), At- lantic spotted dolphin (Stenella fron- SOURCE: 77 FR 50316, Aug. 20, 2012, unless otherwise noted. talis), Atlantic white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus), Baird’s EFFECTIVE DATE NOTE: At 77 FR 50316, Aug. beaked whale (Berardius bairdii), Beluga 20, 2012, subpart X was added, effective Aug. 15, 2012, through Aug. 15, 2017. whale (Dephinapterus leucas), Blainville’s beaked whale (Mesoplodon § 218.230 Specified activity, level of densirostris), Chilean dolphin taking, and species. (Cephalorhynchus eutropia), Clymene Regulations in this subpart apply dolphin (Stenella clymene), only to the incidental taking of those Commerson’s dolphin (Cephalorhynchus marine mammal species specified in commersonii), common bottlenose dol- paragraph (b) of this section by the phin (Tursiops truncatus), Cuvier’s U.S. Navy, Department of Defense, beaked whale (Ziphiuscavirostris), Dall’s while engaged in the operation of no porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli), Dusky more than four SURTASS LFA sonar dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus), systems conducting active sonar oper- dwarf sperm and pygmy sperm whales ations in areas specified in paragraph (Kogia simus and K.
    [Show full text]
  • False Killer Whale Fact Sheet
    False Killer whale (pseudorca crassidens) Adult length: Up to 6m (male)/5m (female) Distribution: coastal and primarily offshore waters in tropical and temperate regions (see map below and Adult weight: up to 2,000kg (m) full list of countries in the detailed species account online at: https://wwhandbook.iwc.int/en/species/false- Newborn: 1.6-1.9m /Unknown killer-whale Dark grey/black body Prominent dorsal fin is Threats: entanglement, contaminants colour with only a faintly usually curved and slightly Habitat: offshore Long, slender head tapers darker cape (variable) rounded at the tip to rounded snout with no Diet: squid, fish pronounced beak Body may be scarred IUCN Conservation status: Data deficient Flukes are small in relation to body size False killer whales can eat Head hangs over large prey species like this mouth Ono/Wahoo. photo courtesy of Daniel Webster, Cascadia Reserach Lighter grey anchor or Long strongly curved flipper Long, slender body “W” shaped patch on with a pronounced corner or chest between the flippers bend giving the flipper an ‘S’ (variable) shape – unique to this species This photo illustrates the Fun Facts bullet-shaped head and typically ‘S’ shaped flip- pers that help observers False killer whales are so named because the to distinguish false killer shape of their skulls, not their external appear- ance, is similar to that of killer whales. whales from pilot whales. Photo courtesy of Paula Like killer whales and sperm whales, false killer Olson/SEFSC/NOAA. whales form stable family groups, and females who no longer produce calves themselves probably help to look after the young of other females False killer whales participate in prey-sharing; a behaviour thought to reinforce social bonds False Killer whale distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Pseudorca Crassidens) and Nine Other Odontocete Species from Hawai‘I
    Ecotoxicology DOI 10.1007/s10646-014-1300-0 Cytochrome P4501A1 expression in blubber biopsies of endangered false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) and nine other odontocete species from Hawai‘i Kerry M. Foltz • Robin W. Baird • Gina M. Ylitalo • Brenda A. Jensen Accepted: 2 August 2014 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 Abstract Odontocetes (toothed whales) are considered insular false killer whale. Significantly higher levels of sentinel species in the marine environment because of their CYP1A1 were observed in false killer whales and rough- high trophic position, long life spans, and blubber that toothed dolphins compared to melon-headed whales, and in accumulates lipophilic contaminants. Cytochrome general, trophic position appears to influence CYP1A1 P4501A1 (CYP1A1) is a biomarker of exposure and expression patterns in particular species groups. No sig- molecular effects of certain persistent organic pollutants. nificant differences in CYP1A1 were found based on age Immunohistochemistry was used to visualize CYP1A1 class or sex across all samples. However, within male false expression in blubber biopsies collected by non-lethal killer whales, juveniles expressed significantly higher lev- sampling methods from 10 species of free-ranging els of CYP1A1 whenP compared to adults. Total polychlo- Hawaiian odontocetes: short-finned pilot whale, melon- rinated biphenyl ( PCBs) concentrations in 84 % of false headed whale, pygmy killer whale, common bottlenose killer whalesP exceeded proposed threshold levels for health dolphin, rough-toothed dolphin, pantropical spotted dol- effects, and PCBs correlated with CYP1A1 expression. phin, Blainville’s beaked whale, Cuvier’s beaked whale, There was no significant relationship between PCB toxic sperm whale, and endangered main Hawaiian Islands equivalent quotient and CYP1A1 expression, suggesting that this response may be influenced by agonists other than the dioxin-like PCBs measured in this study.
    [Show full text]
  • A Marine Mammal Assessment Survey of the Southeast US Continental Shelf: February – April 2002
    NOAA TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM NMFS-SEFSC-492 A Marine Mammal Assessment Survey of the Southeast US Continental Shelf: February – April 2002 Lance P. Garrison, Steven L. Swartz, Anthony Martinez, Carolyn Burks, and Jack Stamates U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA Fisheries Southeast Fisheries Science Center 75 Virginia Beach Drive Miami, Florida 33149 January 2003 NOAA TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM NMFS-SEFSC -492 A Marine Mammal Assessment Survey of the Southeast US Continental Shelf: February – April 2002 Lance P. Garrison, Steven L. Swartz, and Anthony Martinez, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami Florida 33149 Carolyn Burks 2 Southeast Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries Pascagoula Laboratory, 3209 Frederick Street, Pascagoula, Mississippi 39567 Jack Stamates 3 Atlantic Meteorological and Oceanographic Laboratory, NOAA, OAR 4301 Rickerbacker Causeway, Miami Florida 33149 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Donald L. Evans, Secretary NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION Conrad C. Lautenbacher, Jr. Under Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE William T. Hogarth Assistant Administrator for Fisheries January 2003 This Technical Memorandum series is used for documentation and timely communication of preliminary results, interim reports, or special-purpose information. Although the memoranda are not subject to complete formal review, editorial control, or detailed editing, they are expected to reflect sound professional work.
    [Show full text]
  • The Possible Reasons for Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops Truncatus) Participating In
    The possible reasons for bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) participating in non-predatory aggressive interactions with harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in Cardigan Bay, Wales Leonora Neale Student ID: 4103778 BSc Zoology Supervised by Dr Francis Gilbert Word count: 5335 Contents Page Page: ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………….......1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………..............................3 METHODS………………………………………………………………....................9 Study species………………………………………………………………......9 Study area………………………………………………………………….…10 Methods of data collection………………………………………...................10 Methods of data analysis………………………………………......................13 RESULTS………………………………………………………………………........14 Geographical distribution……………………………………………….......14 Object-oriented play……………………………………………………........15 DISCUSSION………………………………………………………………….…….18 Geographical distribution……………………………………………………18 Object-oriented play…………………………………………………….........18 Diet………………………………………………………………...................21 CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………23 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………………….25 REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………26 APPENDIX……………………………………………………………………..........33 CBMWC sightings………………………...………………………………….…33 CBMWC sightings form guide………………...………………………….….34 CBMWC excel spreadsheet equations……………………………………......35 Abstract Between 1991 and 2011, 137 harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) died as a result of attacks by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Cardigan Bay. The suggested reasons for these non-predatory aggressive interactions
    [Show full text]