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Mapping the SSE Landscape in India and Brazil Through South-South and Triangular Cooperation

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Mapping the SSE Landscape in India and Brazil Through South-South and Triangular Cooperation Mapping the SSE Landscape in India and Brazil through South-South and Triangular Cooperation: Gender-Based Initiatives in Social and Solidarity Economy By Anup Dash and Leandro Morais Research Coordinated by: Anita Amorim Emerging and Special Partnerships Unit Partnerships and Field Support ILO, Geneva December 2015 Copyright © International Labour Organization 2016 First published 2015 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Licensing), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with a reproduction rights organization may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. ISBN numbers: 978-92-2-131201-7 (print) 978-92-2-131202-4 (web pdf) ILO Cataloguing in Publication Data The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them. Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the International Labour Office, and any failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval. ILO publications and digital products can be obtained through major booksellers and digital distribution platforms, or ordered directly from [email protected]. For more information, visit our website: www.ilo.org/publns or contact [email protected]. This publication was produced by the Document and Publications Production, Printing and Distribution Branch (PRODOC) of the ILO. Graphic and typographic design, layout and composition, printing, electronic publishing and distribution. PRODOC endeavours to use paper sourced from forests managed in an environmentally sustainable and socially responsible manner. Code: BIP-JMB-ICA 2 Contents 1. SSE and the ILO ............................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Recognition of the SSE in ILO´s Agenda .................................................................................................... 4 2. SSE and SSTC in the world of work .................................................................................. 5 2.1 SSTC: brief historic, objectives and elements ........................................................................................... 5 2.2 ILO and SSTC in practice: some considerations ....................................................................................... 10 3. Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) and IBSA ................................................................ 12 3.1 IBSA Declaration and SSTC ..................................................................................................................... 12 3.2 SSE as an opportunity to foster IBSA countries ...................................................................................... 16 4. Mapping of SSE in India and Brazil ................................................................................... 21 4.1 Mapping of SSE in India .......................................................................................................................... 21 The Intersection of Gender, Informality, and SSE at the “Bottom of the Labour Pyramid”: .............................. 23 Public Policy and Programme Initiatives: ............................................................................................................ 25 Financial inclusion, job creation and social protection ....................................................................................... 25 SSE entrenched in Solidarity, Social Mobilization, and Organization of women for Microenterprise and Community Development ............................................................................................................................ 27 The Third Sector : ................................................................................................................................................ 32 Social Impact Investment as the “Next Microfinance” ....................................................................................... 38 4.2 Mapping of SSE in Brazil ......................................................................................................................... 40 Some theoretical and conceptual information: .................................................................................................. 43 Quantitative information: ................................................................................................................................... 45 Public Policies: ..................................................................................................................................................... 48 Women and SSE .................................................................................................................................................. 54 Advances and weakness ..................................................................................................................................... 58 5. India and Brazil: A Comparative Analysis .......................................................................... 60 5.1 SSE in India and Brazil: similarities and differences ................................................................................ 60 5.2 Advances and weaknesses of SSE in India and Brazil .............................................................................. 62 Advances: ............................................................................................................................................................ 63 Weaknesses: ....................................................................................................................................................... 63 6. Measures to fostering the SSE in India and in Brazil: Some recommendations .................. from a South-South and triangular cooperation perspective .......................................... 64 3 1. SSE and the ILO 1.1 Recognition of the SSE in ILO´s Agenda According to the Foreword to The Reader on the first Academy on Social and Solidarity Economy 1 (2010), the ILO has been involved in the promotion of the Social and Solidarity Economy since its establishment. In 1920, the ILO Director-General created a Cooperative Branch, now the ILO Cooperative Programme. The first ILO official document making reference to the Social and Solidarity Economy dates back to the proceedings of the 11th Session of the Governing Body (January 1922). In the 1980’s the ILO developed the concept of ‘social finance’, which covers a broad variety of microfinance institutions and services. In 2001, the ILO set a New Consensus on social security that gives the highest priority to extending coverage to those that have none, leading the ILO to further increase its support to community-based protection schemes and mutual benefit societies. More recently, the ILO has started to promote ‘social enterprises’ and ‘social entrepreneurship’. The concept of Social and Solidarity Economy is already an integral part of many ILO initiatives and programmes, such as labour-intensive programmes, the promotion of eco-tourism and fair trade, support to indigenous minorities, local economic development projects, ILO/AIDS, green jobs and, more broadly, sustainable enterprises and the social protection floor. The ILO has developed, over decades, an extensive expertise in Social and Solidarity Economy, and developed a comprehensive set of strategies and tools for serving people in their quest for social justice through Decent Work. Promoting Social and Solidarity Economy is about contributing both simultaneously and in a mutually reinforcing manner to each dimension of the Decent Work Agenda.2 Enterprises and organizations of the Social and Solidarity Economy create and sustain jobs and livelihoods, extend social protection, strengthen and extend social dialogue for all workers, and promote the application and enforcement of standards for all. In this time of crisis recovery, the promotion of social economy within the Decent Work Agenda framework is a significant ally for implementing the Global Jobs Pact, from local to global levels. Also, the ILO Declaration on Social Justice for a Fair Globalization (2008) states that “productive, profitable and sustainable enterprises, together with a strong Social and Solidarity Economy and a viable public sector, are critical to sustainable economic development and employment opportunities”. The ILO recognizes that today, the Social
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