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Physics HS/Science Unit: 13 Lesson: 01 Particles and Waves Notes The questions below can be answered by viewing the Annenburg video, Particles and Waves, or during a classroom discussion following the viewing of the film. 1. The film opens with the statement, “In the beginning, there was _______ and later the ________ bulb.” 2. The color at which a body glows depends upon its _______________. 3. The idea that light is emitted or absorbed in discrete bundles of energy is attributed to Max ___________. The constant in his equation E = h f is called _______ constant. 4. What causes the charged electroscope to discharge? It is a beam of _______ light. 5. The discharging of the electroscope is called by the name of the ______________ effect. 6. Albert Einstein won the Nobel Prize for an explanation of the _____________ effect. 7. In Einstein’s photoelectric effect equation: K = h f – φ, K is the ______________ of the electron. (work function, kinetic energy, or frequency) 8. The same man verified the photoelectric effect that measured the charge on an electron; his last name was ______________. (Millikan, Fermi, Einstein, or Planck) 9. Louis de Broglie proposed that electrons (particles) might also be _________. 10.The Bohr orbits are _________ because the circumferences of the orbits are standing waves – whole numbers of wavelengths of the electron. (quantized or circular) 11.Schrödinger devised a description of matter, called wave mechanics, where he made wave packets by combining waves of slightly different _____________ to make a wave pulse. (amplitude, frequencies, or phase) 12.Heisenberg indicated the better you know the momentum (wavelength) of an electron, the less you know about its location or momentum. This is called the ________ principle. (logic, uncertainty, wave, or physics) 13.Planck and __________ did not accept the quantum theory completely. ©2012, TESCCC 01/22/13 page 1 of 2 Physics HS/Science Unit: 13 Lesson: 01 Post Video Discussion Topics 1. The hydrogen atom orbits are determined by the condition (according to de Broglie wave theory) that the electron wave is a standing wave. Standing circular waves are shown in the figure. 2. The de Broglie equation is λ = h/p, where p is the momentum of the particle, λ is the wavelength, and h is Planck’s constant. 3. Schrödinger was able to describe matter waves using Fourier synthesis techniques, creating wave packets with a small spread of frequencies (momentums). 4. Heisenberg summarized a property of the wave packet indicating that the position and momentum of a particle could not be precisely known. Δx Δp ≥ ħ/2 • Δx is the uncertainty (error) in location. • Δp is the uncertainty (error) in momentum. The standard interpretation of this equation is that the uncertainty is not a result of not being able to make measurements sufficiently precise but rather a property of nature. Nature does not allow for both position and momentum to both be known precisely. The value of ħ is sufficiently small that this principle does not limit macroscopic measurements. It is a philosophical statement that is not universally appreciated. ©2012, TESCCC 01/22/13 page 2 of 2.

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