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2001 Report 3/20/03 3:25 PM Page A cover.308 3/20/03 3:26 PM Page 1 Aeronautics and Space Report Aeronautics andSpaceReportofthePresident•Fiscal of the President Y ear 2001Activities Fiscal Year 2001 National Activities Aeronautics and Space Administration NP-2000-10-259-HQ 2001 report 3/20/03 3:25 PM Page a a Aeronautics F and 1997 iscal Year Activities Space Report of the President Fiscal Year 2001 Activities National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, DC 20546 2001 report 3/20/03 3:25 PM Page b b The National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 directed the annual Aeronautics and Space Report to include a “comprehensive description of the programmed activities and the accomplishments of all agencies of the United States in the field of aeronautics and space activities during the preceding calendar year.” In recent years, the reports have been prepared on a fiscal-year basis, consistent with the Aeronautics and Space Report of the President budgetary period now used in programs of the Federal Government. This year’s report covers activities that took place from October 1, 2000, through September 30, 2001. 2001 report 3/20/03 3:25 PM Page c TABLE OF CONTENTS c F iscal Year 2001 iscal Year Activities National Aeronautics and Space Administration . 1 Department of Defense . 29 Federal Aviation Administration . 33 Department of Commerce . 47 Department of the Interior . 71 Federal Communications Commission . 85 Department of Agriculture . 87 National Science Foundation . 95 Department of State . 101 Department of Energy . 103 Smithsonian Institution . 109 Appendices . 113 A-1 U.S. Government Spacecraft Record . 114 A-2 World Record of Space Launches Successful in Attaining Earth Orbit or Beyond . 115 B Successful Launches to Orbit on U.S. Launch Vehicles, October 1, 2000–September 30, 2001 . 116 C U.S. and Russian Human Space Flights, 1961–September 30, 2001 . 120 D U.S. Space Launch Vehicles . 139 E-1A Space Activities of the U.S. Government—Historical Budget Summary– Budget Authority (in millions of real-year dollars) . 142 E-1B Space Activities of the U.S. Government—Budget Authority in Millions of Equivalent FY 2001 Dollars (adjusted for inflation) . 143 E-2 Federal Space Activities Budget . 144 E-3 Federal Aeronautics Budget . 145 Glossary and Acronyms . 147 2001 report 3/20/03 3:25 PM Page d d Aeronautics and Space Report of the President 2001 report 3/20/03 3:25 PM Page 1 1 F iscal Year 2001 iscal Year Activities NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION NASA In FY 2001, NASA’s safety quest continued to build momentum. In the past year, NASA continued its successful plan for reducing injuries to a rate of 0.75 occur- rences per 100 workers, well below the goal specified by the President’s direction arising from the Federal Worker 2000 Presidential Initiative. To continue this pos- itive trend, NASA’s Centers are working to be certified under the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s Voluntary Protection Program (VPP). NASA has set a goal for all of its Centers to be VPP certified. By the end of FY 2001, 2 of the 10 Centers had been certified. NASA safety and mission assurance experts provided assessment, oversight, and critical evaluation for NASA Space Shuttle missions, International Space Station missions and operations, and NASA space- craft missions. In addition, NASA conducted several focused assessments including operational and engineering reviews of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory microdevices laboratory and Unitary Wind Tunnel at the Ames Research Center; a critical facilities maintenance assessment to determine the safety and mission support posture of critical facilities across NASA; an assessment of X-37 safety and mission assurance processes and design features; the United Space Alliance Ground Operations workforce survey; and the Boeing Seal Beach onsite assess- ment and review. NASA instituted an Aviation Safety Board to oversee aviation safety programs. To strengthen the Agency’s safety and mission assurance capabil- ities, NASA introduced the following two new tools: the Systems Analysis Program for Hands-On Integrated Reliability Evaluations (SAPHIRE), a Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) software application developed for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, which now serves as the baseline PRA tool for NASA; and the Process-Based Mission Assurance Web resource, which provides 2001 report 3/20/03 3:25 PM Page 2 2 NASA’s program managers with the framework to help build the right level of safety and mission assurance activity into their program. In the human space flight area, NASA successfully accomplished seven Space Shuttle missions in support of complex International Space Station (ISS) assembly operations during FY 2001. From the launch of STS-98 in February 2001 to the landing of STS-105 in August 2001, NASA flew five flights in six months, maintaining a vehicle in orbit for more than one third of that time. The ISS had its first permanent occupants in FY 2001, beginning with the launch of the Expedition 1 crew aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket on October 31, 2000. The Expedition 2 and 3 crews also began their stays on the ISS during FY 2001. The STS-92 mission, which launched on October 11, 2000, was the 100th Shuttle mission. For STS-92, during its 12-day mission to the ISS, all assigned objectives to install the Zenith Z1 Truss structure and the third pressurized mating adapter (PMA3) for use as a docking port on subsequent Shuttle missions were completed. On flight day three, Japanese astronaut Koichi Wakata deftly maneu- vered Discovery’s robotic arm to lift the Zenith Z1 Truss from the Shuttle’s payload bay and berthed it to a port on the Unity connecting module. Inside Unity, pilot Pam Melroy and crewmate Jeff Wisoff opened the hatch where the new truss was attached and installed grounding connections between the framework and the Station. Discovery’s five mission specialists performed a total of four extravehicular activities (EVAs) during the STS-92 mission. The crew also successfully com- pleted testing of the four control moment gyroscopes that will be used to orient the Aeronautics and Space Report of the President ISS as it orbits Earth. On November 30, 2000, the STS-97 mission was successfully launched. For STS-97, an 11-day mission, the astronauts completed three spacewalks to deliver and connect the first set of U.S.-provided solar arrays to the ISS, prepare a dock- ing port for arrival of the U.S. Laboratory Destiny, install a sophisticated instrumentation package to measure electrical potential surrounding the Station, install a camera cable outside the Unity module, and transfer supplies, equipment, and refuse between Endeavour and the ISS. The successful checkout of the extravehicular mobility units (EMUs), the Simplified Aid for EVA Rescue (SAFER) units, the Remote Manipulator System RMS, the Orbiter Space Vision System (OSVS), and the Orbiter Docking System (ODS) were all completed nominally. Also, the ODS centerline camera was installed smoothly. 2001 report 3/20/03 3:25 PM Page 3 The STS-98 mission launched on February 7, 2001. On STS-98, after dock- 3 ing to the ISS, Station and Shuttle crews opened hatches and unloaded supplies: F bags of water, a spare computer, cables to be installed inside the Station to power 2001 iscal Year Activities up the Destiny Laboratory, and various personal items for the Station crew. The U.S. Laboratory Destiny was successfully installed on the ISS using the RMS and concurrent EVAs. Shuttle and Station astronauts also activated air systems, fire extinguishers, alarm systems, computers, and internal communications, plus con- tinued equipment transfers from the Shuttle to the Station. They also filmed onboard scenes using an IMAX camera. On March 8, 2001, the STS-102 mission launched at sunrise and carried the second resident crew (Expedition 2) to the ISS, as well as the first Multi- Purpose Logistics Module, Leonardo, full of supplies and equipment plus science racks for transfer to the U.S. Laboratory Destiny. Joint operations between the Shuttle and the Station crews resulted in unloading almost 5 tons of experiments and equipment from Leonardo and packing almost 1 ton of items for return to Earth. Discovery’s spacewalkers—James Voss, Susan Helms, Andrew Thomas, and Paul Richards—set the stage for continued expansion of the Station by installing a platform that will eventually be used to mount a Canadian-built robotic arm, the Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS), to the Station on a future mission. They also removed a Lab Cradle Assembly from Discovery’s cargo bay and installed it on the side of the U.S. Lab Destiny, where it will form the base for the SSRMS that was delivered on a mission in April 2001. The STS-100 mission launched on April 19 and docked with the ISS 2 days later. The advanced robotic arm, called Canadarm2, was attached to a pallet on the outside of Destiny. It later was directed to “walk off” the pallet and grab onto an electrical grapple fixture on the Lab, which would provide data, power, and telemetry to the arm. Days later, the arm was used to hand off the cradle, on which it rested inside Endeavour’s payload bay during launch, to the orbiter’s arm. The exchange of the cradle from Station arm to Shuttle arm marked the first-ever robotic-to-robotic transfer in space. Other crew activities during the mission included attaching an ultra-high-frequency antenna on the outside of the Station and, inside, calibrating the Space Vision System, an alignment aid for operating the robotic arm, plus helping repair the Space Station’s treadmill and filming for IMAX. 2001 report 3/20/03 3:25 PM Page 4 4 For STS-104, liftoff occurred on July 12, 2001.
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