Dive the Great Blue Hole of Belize with This Unique Belize Scuba Diving Package
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Diving Holidays Worldwide
diving holidays worldwide Red Sea Spain Maldives Mauritius Caribbean Cape Verde Islands Kenya Zanzibar Indonesia Malaysia QUALITY • VALUE • EXPERTISE Micronesia Australia 01 November 2009 – 31 December 2010 South Pacific Galapagos Islands Latin America Liveaboards 2010 dive sportif – worldwide 2009-2010 Over 30 years experience World Class des tinations World Class diving Africa Red Sea Australia Caribbean RED SEA & EGYPT world class diving off the coast of Zanzibar with 4 Cairo & Nile cruise closest coral sea to these shores, one of the underwater one of the seven one of the world’s favourite dive destinations, enchanting coral, adrenaline opportunity to encounter whale shark and dolphin. wonders of the world - packed wall dives, impressive marine life and superb drift dives. 5 - 7 Sharm wonders of the world. wonderful dives for the beginner wonderful dives in kenya with the added opportunity to and experienced alike. the Great Barrier reef. 8 - 10 Dahab view the spectacular wildlife while on a safari. explore the distant 11 Hurghada coral sea plus the 13 Safaga world famous cod Hole 14 El Qusier where you dive with giant potato cod. Latin Micronesia 15 Marsa Alam 16 - 17 Red Sea Liveaboards Spain Indian Ocean Far East America Best known for it’s wreck diving in truk MEDITERRANEAN Share family holidays with exciting marine life abounds, best summed up by the quantity and Home to some of the world’s most exciting wonderful variety of Lagoon, with hundreds 18 Spain some excellent diving size. A great mix of white sand beaches, azure blue waters and and sought after dives. visit sites that spectacular dives from of wrecked world war surprises, picturesque vistas, fabulous, underwater topography. -
Fundamentos Conceptuales Y Didácticos Iguzquiza2 1 Unidad Del IGME En Las Islas Baleares
y El karst en cifras ¿cuáles son las mayores cavidades del mundo y por qué? Karst in figure: which are the major cavities of the world and why? Pedro Agustín Robledo Ardila1, Juan José Durán Valsero2 Y Eulogio Pardo Fundamentos Conceptuales Didácticos Iguzquiza2 1 Unidad del IGME en las Islas Baleares. C/Felicià Fuster 7, 07006, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares. E-mail: [email protected] 2 IGME. C/Ríos Rosas nº 23, 28003, Madrid. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Resumen Entre los terrenos kársticos superficiales y subterráneos, las cuevas son, actualmente para determinados colectivos, el producto más interesante del karst y, que de forma creciente, ha atraído la curiosidad humana desde que los seres humanos habitan el Planeta. Prueba de ello son los restos de arte rupestre y yacimientos paleontológicos descritos en muchas cuevas o el creciente número de visitantes anuales que tienen. Sin embargo, en las últimas décadas los equipos de científicos y espeleólogos se han ocupado especialmente del karst en términos de cifras, con especial énfasis en grandes cavidades. Bien, atendiendo al tamaño de las mismas en su desarrollo horizontal o vertical, o de forma parcial, midiendo volúmenes de galerías y conductos, cámaras o espeleotemas, entre otros elementos. Existen exhaustivos rankings de los sistemas de cavidades de mayor longitud total de galerías exploradas, de las salas más grandes, de las cuevas más profundadas o de los espeleotemas más grandes en su tipo. Esto ha condicionando que, por un lado, exista un auge en la investigación de los sistemas endokársticos más grandes del mundo, y por otro, que paisajes superficiales kársticos espectaculares del Planeta hayan pasado a un segundo orden en cuanto a el interés científico o turístico. -
Ecological and Socio-Economic Impacts of Dive
ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF DIVE AND SNORKEL TOURISM IN ST. LUCIA, WEST INDIES Nola H. L. Barker Thesis submittedfor the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science Environment Department University of York August 2003 Abstract Coral reefsprovide many servicesand are a valuableresource, particularly for tourism, yet they are suffering significant degradationand pollution worldwide. To managereef tourism effectively a greaterunderstanding is neededof reef ecological processesand the impactsthat tourist activities haveon them. This study explores the impact of divers and snorkelerson the reefs of St. Lucia, West Indies, and how the reef environmentaffects tourists' perceptionsand experiencesof them. Observationsof divers and snorkelersrevealed that their impact on the reefs followed certainpatterns and could be predictedfrom individuals', site and dive characteristics.Camera use, night diving and shorediving were correlatedwith higher levels of diver damage.Briefings by dive leadersalone did not reducetourist contactswith the reef but interventiondid. Interviewswith tourists revealedthat many choseto visit St. Lucia becauseof its marineprotected area. Certain site attributes,especially marine life, affectedtourists' experiencesand overall enjoyment of reefs.Tourists were not alwaysable to correctly ascertainabundance of marine life or sedimentpollution but they were sensitiveto, and disliked seeingdamaged coral, poor underwatervisibility, garbageand other tourists damagingthe reef. Some tourists found sitesto be -
Mangroves and Coral Reefs: David Stoddart and the Cambridge Physiographic Tradition Colin D
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health Part B 2018 Mangroves and coral reefs: David Stoddart and the Cambridge physiographic tradition Colin D. Woodroffe University of Wollongong, [email protected] Publication Details Woodroffe, C. D. (2018). Mangroves and coral reefs: David Stoddart and the Cambridge physiographic tradition. Atoll Research Bulletin, 619 121-145. Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Mangroves and coral reefs: David Stoddart and the Cambridge physiographic tradition Abstract Mangroves are particularly extensive on sheltered, macrotidal, muddy tropical coastlines, but also occur in association with coral reefs. Reefs attenuate wave energy, in some locations enabling the accretion of fine calcareous sediments which in turn favour establishment of seagrasses and mangroves. Knowledge of the distribution and ecology of both reefs and mangroves increased in the first half of the 20th century. J Alfred Steers participated in the Great Barrier Reef Expedition in 1928, and developed an interest in the geomorphological processes by which islands had formed in this setting. It became clear that many mangrove forests showed a zonation of species and some researchers inferred successional changes, even implying that reefs might transition through a mangrove stage, ultimately forming land. Valentine Chapman studied the ecology of mangroves, and Steers and Chapman described West Indian mangrove islands in the 1940s during the University of Cambridge expedition to Jamaica. These studies provided the background for David Stoddart's participation in the Cambridge Expedition to British Honduras and his PhD examination of three Caribbean atolls. -
International Magazine on Sea and ■ Vita Mari Ph
INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE ON SEA AND ■ VITA MARI PH Nautilus Shells as collectors’ items (3) The Neritidae from the circumarabian seas VITA MARINA A magazine on marine Zoology, with emphasis Een blad op het gebied van mariene zoölogie, on molluscs met nadruk op weekdieren. EDITORIAL STAFF Jan Paul Buijs REDACTIE Henk Dekker Willem Faber David Feld Dr.Theo Kemperman Gijs Kronenberg Freek Titselaar Dr. Tom Walker COVER PLATE Leo Man in ’t Veld PLAAT OMSLAG ADVISORY BOARD Dr. A.C. van Bruggen REDACTIE ADVIESRAAD Dr. H.E. Coomans Prof. Dr. E. Gittenberger Prof. Dr. L.B. Holthuis PUBLISHER VITA MARINA AND STICHTING UITGEVER VITA MARINA EN SPIRULA BIOLOGIA MARITIMA SPIRULA BOARD BESTUUR PRESIDENT Jan Paul Buijs VOORZITTER SECRETARY Henk Dekker SECRETARIS TREASURER Gab Mulder PENNINGMEESTER Jeroen Goud ADDRESS P.O. Box 64628 ADRES NL-2506 CA DEN HAAG The Netherlands TELEPHONE +31(0)70-3551245 TELEFOON +31(0)70-3600434 FAX +31(0)70-3551245 FAX E-MAIL [email protected] E-MAIL WWW http://home.wxs.nl/~spirula WWW GIRO BANK ACCOUNT 606100 POSTGIROREKENING PRINTER RIBBERINK VAN DER GANG DRUKKER ZOETERMEER The Netherlands ISSN-0165-8980 Vita Marina 47(2): 25-28 August 2000 Nautilus Shells as collectors’ items in the “Kunst- und Wunderkammer”. Supplementary notes (2) Nautilusschelpen als verzamelobjecten in de “Kunst- und Wunderkammer”. Aanvullende notities (2) C.J.H.M. TAX Kempkeshoeve 55, NL-5256 NV Vught, the Netherlands As a sequel to my article with the above title (1995) and In aanvulling op mijn artikel met bovenstaande titel to the first supplement thereof (1996), 1 would like to (1995) en het eerste supplement hierop (1996), wil ik comment on some Nautilus objects that have been treat bij deze gelegenheid gaarne nog enkele tot dusverre ed in literature only once before or not at all. -
Sinking of the RMS Lusitania 1 Sinking of the RMS Lusitania
Sinking of the RMS Lusitania 1 Sinking of the RMS Lusitania Sinking of the RMS Lusitania 1915 painting of the sinking. Date 7 May 1915 Time 14:10 – 14:28 Location North Atlantic Ocean, near Old Head of Kinsale, Ireland Cause Torpedoed by German U-boat. Outcome • 1,198 of the 1,959 people aboard killed, leaving 761 survivors. • Turned international opinion against Germany and led towards American entry into World War I. The sinking of the Cunard ocean liner RMS Lusitania occurred on 7 May 1915 during the First World War, as Germany waged submarine warfare against Britain. The ship was identified and torpedoed by the German U-boat U-20 and sank in 18 minutes. The vessel went down 11 miles (18 km) off the Old Head of Kinsale,[1] Ireland, killing 1,198 of the 1,959 people aboard, leaving 761 survivors. The sinking turned public opinion in many countries against Germany, contributed to the American entry into World War I and became an iconic symbol in military recruiting campaigns of why the war was being fought.[2] Lusitania had the misfortune to fall victim to torpedo attack relatively early in the First World War, before tactics for evading submarines were properly implemented or understood. The contemporary investigations both in the UK and the United States into the precise causes of the ship's loss were obstructed by the needs of wartime secrecy and a propaganda campaign to ensure all blame fell upon Germany. Argument over whether the ship was a legitimate military target raged back and forth throughout the war as both sides made misleading claims about the ship. -
DRAFT 8/8/2013 Updates at Chapter 40 -- Karstology
Chapter 40 -- Karstology Characterizing the mechanism of cavern accretion as "force" tends to suggest catastrophic attack, not a process of subtle persistence. Publicity for Ohio's Olentangy Indian Caverns illustrates the misconception. Formed millions of years ago by the tremendous force of an underground river cutting through solid limestone rock, the Olentangy Indian Caverns. There was no tremendous event millions of years ago; it's been dissolution at a rate barely discernable, century to century. Another rendition of karst stages, this time in elevation, as opposed to cross-section. Juvenile Youthful Mature Complex Extreme 594 DRAFT 8/8/2013 Updates at http://www.unm.edu/~rheggen/UndergroundRivers.html Chapter 40 -- Karstology It may not be the water, per se, but its withdrawal that initiates catastrophic change in conduit cross-section. The figure illustrates stress lines around natural cavities in limestone. Left: Distribution around water-filled void below water table Right: Distribution around air-filled void after lowering water table. Natural Bridges and Tunnels Natural bridges begin as subterranean conduits, but subsequent collapse has left only a remnant of the original roof. "Men have risked their lives trying to locate the meanderings of this stream, but have been unsuccessful." Virginia's Natural Bridge, 65 meters above today's creek bed. George Washington is said to have surveyed Natural Bridge, though he made no mention it in his journals. More certain is that Thomas Jefferson purchased "the most sublime of nature's works," in his words, from King George III. Herman Melville alluded to the formation in describing Moby Dick, But soon the fore part of him slowly rose from the water; for an instant his whole marbleized body formed a high arch, like Virginia's Natural Bridge. -
Climate Change and Coral Reef Bleaching: an Ecological Assessment of Long-Term Impacts, Recovery Trends and Future Outlook
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 80 (2008) 435–471 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ecss Climate change and coral reef bleaching: An ecological assessment of long-term impacts, recovery trends and future outlook Andrew C. Baker a,b,1, Peter W. Glynn a,*,1, Bernhard Riegl c,1 a Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA b Wildlife Conservation Society, Marine Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10460, USA c National Coral Reef Institute, Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, 8000 North Ocean Drive, Dania, FL 33004, USA article info abstract Article history: Since the early 1980s, episodes of coral reef bleaching and mortality, due primarily to climate-induced Received 18 July 2008 ocean warming, have occurred almost annually in one or more of the world’s tropical or subtropical seas. Accepted 4 September 2008 Available online 17 September 2008 Bleaching is episodic, with the most severe events typically accompanying coupled ocean–atmosphere phenomena, such as the El Nin˜o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which result in sustained regional elevations of ocean temperature. Using this extended dataset (25 years), we review the short- and long- Keywords: þ coral bleaching term ecological impacts of coral bleaching on reef ecosystems, and quantitatively synthesize recovery reefs data worldwide. Bleaching episodes have resulted in catastrophic loss of coral cover in some locations, zooxanthellae and have changed coral community structure in many others, with a potentially critical influence on the Symbiodinium maintenance of biodiversity in the marine tropics. -
Volume 69 Index
VOLUME 69 INDEX INDEX TO VOLUME 69 OF THE JOURNAL OF CAVE AND KARST STUDIES IRA D. SASOWSKY & ELAINE L. Butcher Department of Geology and Environmental Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3641, USA, [email protected] This index covers all articles and abstracts published in discussed in articles. For articles containing extensive volume 69 parts 1, 2, and 3. Selected abstracts from the lists of organisms indexing was conducted at least to the 2007 Society convention in Marengo, Indiana are level of Order. The third section is an alphabetical included. Author index. Articles with multiple authors are indexed The index has three sections. The first is a Keyword for each author, and each author's name was cited as index, containing general and specific terms from the title given. and body of an article. This includes cave names, Citations include only the name of the author, followed geographic names, etc. Numerical keywords (such as by the page numbers. Within an index listing, such as 1814) are indexed according to alphabetic spelling “Bats”, the earliest article is cited first. (Eighteen fourteen). The second section is a Biologic names index. These terms are Latin names of organisms Keyword Index Aach Spring 371 75 Alunogen Worthington, S.R.H., p.94-102 Grady, F., and Baker, C., p.371-372 Barton, H.A., and Northup, D.E., Audra, P., p.243-249 Access Aggregates p.163-178 Ammonia Lovaas, J., p.375-375 Hill, C.A., and Forti, P., p.35-45 Toomey III, R.S., and Trimbolt, S., Audra, P., p.243-249 Accidentals Agricultural p.365-365 Levy, -
Coral Reef Monitoring and 4Th MC Measures Group Workshop (2Nd Marine Measures Working Group Meeting)
Appendix H Finalizing the Regional MPA Monitoring Protocol: Coral Reef Monitoring and 4th MC Measures Group Workshop (2nd Marine Measures Working Group Meeting) WORKSHOP REPORT 6 – 9 February, 2012 Koror State Government Assembly Hall/ Palau International Coral Reef Center Conference Room Koror, Palau Appendix H TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... ii Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..... iv Acronyms ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. v List of Participants…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....... vi Executive Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...... viii Background …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…… 1 Workshop objectives, outputs & deliverables……………………………………………………………………………... 2 Workshop Report ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………........... 3 DAY 1 Opening Remarks by Mrs. Sandra S. Pierantozzi, Chief Executive Officer, PICRC……….………………… 3 MC Workshop Background & Introduction (Dr. Yimnang Golbuu, PICRC).………………………..………….. 3 I. CAPACITY ENHANCEMENT PROJECT FOR CORAL REEF MONITORING Session 1: Capacity Enhancement Project for Coral Reef Monitoring (CEPCRM) 1. Update on CEPCRM since 2010 (Dr. Seiji Nakaya, JICA)…………………………………………. 4 II. REGIONAL MPA MONITORING PROTOCOL Session 2: Marine Monitoring Protocol 2. Introduction of the Marine Monitoring Protocol (Dr. Yimnang Golbuu, PICRC) ……. 5 Session 3: Jurisdictional Updates 3. Presentations from all MC states on ecological & socioeconomic monitoring since 2010.… -
Birding Melanesia 2015 Report by Adam Walleyn
Melanesia Discover and Secrets of Melanesia: Birding Melanesia 2015 Report By Adam Walleyn Cardinal Lory pair. Copyright Adrian Hayward The 2015 Melanesian Birding trip was another great success. The year will probably long be remembered for one of the worst droughts ever and while the dry and windy conditions made birding more difficult than usual, we persevered and ended up with an incredible tally of endemics, many of them amongst the most poorly known birds in the world! This incredible itinerary takes in part of the north coast of Papua New Guinea and all of the main islands of the Bismarcks, Solomons and Vanuatu, along with many of the smaller ones. This region is one of the world’s most avian endemic-rich hotspots and is largely inaccessible and unvisited by birders. Amongst 267 species, highlights this year included Superb Pitta sitting right in the open, an unexpected Manus Fantail, one of the first observations of Mussau Triller, a stunning Solomons Nightjar, and incredible diversity of fruit doves (12 species), imperial pigeons (12 species), myzomelas (11 species) and of course white-eyes (10 species). The trip started off with a nice dinner in Madang and then our first of many early mornings to bird a patch of forest not far from town. Bird activity was great this morning and there were a number of fruiting trees which allowed good views of two species of birds of paradise - Lesser Bird of Paradise and Glossy-mantled Manucode. Other nice birds in the fruiting trees included Orange-bellied and Pink-spotted Fruit Dove, Zoe’s Imperial Pigeon, Orange-breasted Fig Parrot, and numerous Golden Myna. -
Diving in Guam
Diving in Guam Introduction Popular Outer Reef Sites Guam’s tropical waters are teaming with hundreds Guam is home to one of the world’s most amazing of varieties of colorful fish and coral species, a seascape of underwater phenomena, the Blue Hole, a natural 300-foot unimaginable beauty and clarity, with historic wrecks from shaft cut into the reef off Orote Point. A plethora of marine World War I and World War II. life and coral also inhabit several other outer reef dive sites including the Crevice, Coral Gardens, Shark Pit, Barracuda Guam’s open ocean is not only home to diverse coral and Rock, Hap’s Reef, and the elusive 11-Mile Reef. marine life; it’s one of Micronesia’s most affordable places to dive. Home to a variety of dives for all certification levels, the • Blue Hole island’s waters stay from 82-86°F year-round, with visibility One of Guam’s most unique dive sites, the Blue Hole is up to 150 feet. Dive environments for beginners and more located toward the tip of Orote Peninsula on the southern experienced divers are concentrated more heavily in the coast. Characterized as a 300-foot shaft cut into reef made south, with the exception of a few accessible dive spots in of limestone, the site offers excellent visibility that often northern Guam. allows divers to see the top of the hole from the surface. The shaft actually drops much further than air diving allows, but a large window opens to the outer wall at about 125 feet, allowing divers to exit and ascend after a free fall through the shaft.