View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by HKU Scholars Hub A Garrison in Time Saves Nine: Frontier Administration and Title ‘Drawing In’ the Yafahan Orochen in Late Qing Heilongjiang Author(s) Kim, LE Citation Journal of Chinese Military History, 2015, v. 4 n. 1, p. 44-79 Issued Date 2015 URL http://hdl.handle.net/10722/214091 Rights Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License 1 A Garrison in Time Saves Nine: Frontier Administration and ‘Drawing In’ the Yafahan Orochen in Late Qing Heilongjiang Loretta E. Kim The University of Hong Kong
[email protected] Abstract In 1882 the Qing dynasty government established the Xing’an garrison in Heilongjiang to counteract the impact of Russian exploration and territorial expansion into the region. The Xing’an garrison was only operative for twelve years before closing down. What may seem to be an unmitigated failure of military and civil administrative planning was in fact a decisive attempt to contend with the challenges of governing borderland people rather than merely shoring up physical territorial limits. The Xing’an garrison arose out of the need to “draw in” the Yafahan Orochen population, one that had developed close relations with Russians through trade and social interaction. This article demonstrates that while building a garrison did not achieve the intended goal of strengthening control over the Yafahan Orochen, it was one of several measures the Qing employed to shape the human frontier in this critical borderland. Keywords 1 2 Butha, Eight Banners, frontier administration, Heilongjiang, Orochen Introduction In 1882, the Heilongjiang general’s yamen began setting up a new garrison.