A Week in the Fall of Jerusalem
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VESPASIAN. AD 68, Though Not a Particularly Constructive Year For
138 VESPASIAN. AD 68, though not a particularly constructive year for Nero, was to prove fertile ground for senators lion the make". Not that they were to have the time to build anything much other than to carve out a niche for themselves in the annals of history. It was not until the dust finally settled, leaving Vespasian as the last contender standing, that any major building projects were to be initiated under Imperial auspices. However, that does not mean that there is nothing in this period that is of interest to this study. Though Galba, Otho and Vitellius may have had little opportunity to indulge in any significant building activity, and probably given the length and nature of their reigns even less opportunity to consider the possibility of building for their future glory, they did however at the very least use the existing imperial buildings to their own ends, in their own ways continuing what were by now the deeply rooted traditions of the principate. Galba installed himself in what Suetonius terms the palatium (Suet. Galba. 18), which may not necessarily have been the Golden House of Nero, but was part at least of the by now agglomerated sprawl of Imperial residences in Rome that stretched from the summit of the Palatine hill across the valley where now stands the Colosseum to the slopes of the Oppian, and included the Golden House. Vitellius too is said to have used the palatium as his base in Rome (Suet. Vito 16), 139 and is shown by Suetonius to have actively allied himself with Nero's obviously still popular memory (Suet. -
Naval Training Device Center Index of Technical Reports
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 066 013 EM 010 085 AUTHOR Walker, Lemuel E. TITLE Naval Training DeviceCenter Index of Technical Reports. INSTITUTION' Naval Training Device.Center, Orlando, Fla. REPORT NO NAVTRADEV-P-3695 PUB DATE 1 Apr 72 NOTE 65p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 DESCRIPTORS Bibliographies; *Government Publications; *Indexes (Locaters); *Military Training; Simulators; *Training Techniques IDENTIFIERS *Naval Training Device Center ABSTRACT Published Naval Training Device Center technical reports and some technical notes (those available through the Defense Documentation Center-DDC) which have resulted from basic research, exploratory development, and advanced development type projects are listed. The reports are indexed by technical note nuhtber, by title, and by contractor code. The index is revised once a year. (Author/JY) ,....,X...?;.;N,..,4,4,40:.W.., e:e ( 0.7 'ta....;.:.: 1 \ 1.4..0.... t,, ti W 1.1 l'.n.,:1;;;,.>,.,:,,,,: ' (- t 4,.,.y.....,..1f... ...1<:<. .,..: ;:x. ,s..:^ '<.,..i.y,W...,,z, :.i -.., .:,..< A ,1 Ke. <,, ;:, P7<<,,".:..:..7. NAVTRADEV P-3695 re I APRIL 1972 ..r;) CD C:) NAVAL TRAINING DEVICE CENTER INDEX OF TECHNICAL REPORTS Basic Research Exploratory Development Advanced Development All titles in this publication are unclassified DoD Distribution Statement U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION Distribution limited to U.S. Government agencies THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO. DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM only; Test and Evaluation; 1 April 1972. Other THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIG requests for this document must be referred to INATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN- IONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY Ar;§ the Commanding Officer, Naval Training Device REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU CATION POSITION OR POLICY Center (Code 423) Orlando, Florida 32813. -
Secondary Indian Culture and Heritage
Culture: An Introduction MODULE - I Understanding Culture Notes 1 CULTURE: AN INTRODUCTION he English word ‘Culture’ is derived from the Latin term ‘cult or cultus’ meaning tilling, or cultivating or refining and worship. In sum it means cultivating and refining Ta thing to such an extent that its end product evokes our admiration and respect. This is practically the same as ‘Sanskriti’ of the Sanskrit language. The term ‘Sanskriti’ has been derived from the root ‘Kri (to do) of Sanskrit language. Three words came from this root ‘Kri; prakriti’ (basic matter or condition), ‘Sanskriti’ (refined matter or condition) and ‘vikriti’ (modified or decayed matter or condition) when ‘prakriti’ or a raw material is refined it becomes ‘Sanskriti’ and when broken or damaged it becomes ‘vikriti’. OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson you will be able to: understand the concept and meaning of culture; establish the relationship between culture and civilization; Establish the link between culture and heritage; discuss the role and impact of culture in human life. 1.1 CONCEPT OF CULTURE Culture is a way of life. The food you eat, the clothes you wear, the language you speak in and the God you worship all are aspects of culture. In very simple terms, we can say that culture is the embodiment of the way in which we think and do things. It is also the things Indian Culture and Heritage Secondary Course 1 MODULE - I Culture: An Introduction Understanding Culture that we have inherited as members of society. All the achievements of human beings as members of social groups can be called culture. -
CONTENT STANDARDS World History and Geography: Ancient
CONTENT STANDARDS World History and Geography: Ancient Civilizations 6TH GRADE HISTORY 6.1 Students describe what is known through archaeological studies of the early physical and cultural development of humankind from the Paleolithic era to the agricultural revolution. 1. Describe the hunter-gatherer societies, including the development of tools and the use of fire. 2. Identify the locations of human communities that populated the major regions of the world and describe how humans adapted to a variety of environments. 3. Discuss the climatic changes and human modifications of the physical environment that gave rise to the domestication of plants and animals and new sources of clothing and shelter. 6.2 Students analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and social structures of the early civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Kush 1. Locate and describe the major river systems and discuss the physical settings that supported permanent settlement and early civilizations. 2. Trace the development of agricultural techniques that permitted the production of economic surplus and the emergence of cities as centers of culture and power. 3. Understand the relationship between religion and the social and political order in Mesopotamia and Egypt. 4. Know the significance of Hammurabi’s Code. 5. Discuss the main features of Egyptian art and architecture. 6. Describe the role of Egyptian trade in the eastern Mediterranean and Nile valley. 7. Understand the significance of Queen Hatshepsut and Ramses the Great. 8. Identify the location of the Kush civilization and describe its political, commercial, and cultural relations with Egypt. 9. Trace the evolution of language and its written forms. -
Jesus: a Preterist Or a Futurist?*
TMSJ 14/1 (Spring 2003) 9-22 JESUS: A PRETERIST OR A FUTURIST?* Richard L. Mayhue Senior Vice President and Dean Professor of Pastoral Ministries and Theology This essay examines Dr. R. C. Sproul’s thesis in The Last Days According to Jesus,1 that moderate preterism as it relates to Christ’s second coming is convincingly proven by three time-indicators in the Gospels2 and the writing date for John’s Revelation.3 The essay evaluates each of these four time referents historically and/or exegetically in order to determine if Sproul’s claims can be biblically substantiated. The three Matthean time-frame references have better alternative interpretations (both before and after A.D. 70) in regard to time of fulfillment than the A.D. 70 date, which preterism requires of all three. Also, the late writing date for Revelation (mid-90s) has the preponderance of evidence on its side; this one conclusion alone invalidates postmillennial preterism. Since these time-indicators that are critically important to the preterist position do not support the system’s foundational claim that Christ’s parousia occurred within the lifetime of His disciples, this reviewer4 concludes that Scripture does not teach preterism, moderate or otherwise, as claimed by Dr. Sproul. Therefore, Jesus was a futurist in regard to biblical prophecies of His second coming. * * * * * *This article has been expanded from a paper delivered at the Annual Meeting of the Evangelical Theological Society in Danvers, Massachusetts on November 17, 1999. 1R. C. Sproul, The Last Days According to Jesus: When Did Jesus Say He Would Return? (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1998). -
10 Bc 5 Bc 1 Ad 5 10 15 20
AD 14 AD 18 4 BC AD 4 Augustus Caiaphas Death of King Emperor Augustus Caesar, the fi rst appointed as Herod the formally adopts his emperor of a Jewish High Great of Judea stepson Tiberius as Rome, dies Priest his successor 10 BC 5 BC 1 AD 5 10 15 20 AD 6 7 BC Jesus a� ends Jesus born in Passover in Bethlehem Jerusalem of Judea as a boy (Luke 2:1-20) (Luke 2:40-52) TIMELINE | PAGE 1 AD 26 Pon� us Pilate begins governorship of Judea 25 30 AD 32 AD 31 Jesus miraculously AD 29 Jesus appoints feeds 5000 John the Bap� st’s and sends his (Ma� hew 14:13-33; ministry begins; Jesus apostles on their AD 30 Mark 6:31-52; is bap� zed and begins fi rst mission Jesus a� ends Luke 9:10-17; John 6) his ministry (Ma� hew 9:35- Passover in (Ma� hew 3:1-17; 11:1; Mark 6:6-13; Jerusalem and Mark 1:2-11; Luke 9:1-10) Luke 3:1-23) cleanses the temple (John 2:13-25) AD 32 AD 30 Jesus a� ends Jesus establishes the Feast of his ministry in Tabernacles in Galilee Jerusalem (Ma� hew 4:12-17; (John 7-9) Mark 1:14-15; Luke 4:14-15) TIMELINE | PAGE 2 AD 43 AD 36 AD 37 AD 40 AD 41 Roman Pon� us Pilate Death of Emperor Caligula Emperor Caligula conquest of governorship of Emperor orders a statue of assassinated and Britain begins Judea ends Tiberius himself be erected in Claudius crowned under Emperor the temple; Jewish the new Emperor Claudius peasants stop this from happening 35 40 AD 37 Paul visits Peter and James in Jerusalem (Acts 9:23-30; Gala� ans 1:18-24) AD 38-43 Missions to the Gen� les begin; church in An� och established AD 33 (Acts 10-11) Jesus crucifi ed -
The Roman Empire: the Defender of Early First Century Christianity
Running head: THE ROMAN EMPIRE 1 The Roman Empire: the Defender of Early First Century Christianity John Toone A Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation in the Honors Program Liberty University Spring 2011 THE ROMAN EMPIRE 2 Acceptance of Senior Honors Thesis This Senior Honors Thesis is accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation from the Honors Program of Liberty University. ______________________________ David A. Croteau, Ph.D. Thesis Chair ______________________________ Michael J. Smith, Ph.D. Committee Member ______________________________ Willie E. Honeycutt, D.Min. Committee Member ______________________________ James H. Nutter, D.A. Honors Director ______________________________ Date THE ROMAN EMPIRE 3 Abstract All of the events, authors, and purposes of the books in the New Testament occurred under the reign of the Roman Empire (27 B.C.—A.D. 476). Therefore, an understanding of the Roman Empire is necessary for comprehending the historical context of the New Testament. In order to fully understand the impact of the Roman Empire on the New Testament, particularly before the destruction of the Jewish Temple in A.D. 70, Rome’s effect on religion (and the religious laws that governed its practice) must be examined. Contrary to expectations, the Roman Empire emerges from this examination as the protector (not persecutor) of early Christianity. Scripture from this time period reveals a peaceful relationship between the new faith and Roman authorities. THE ROMAN EMPIRE 4 The Roman Empire: The Defender of Early First Century Christianity Any attempt to describe the life of first century Christians before A.D. 70 is ultimately tenuous without understanding the cultural background of the society in which they lived. -
Table of Contents
Table of Contents Lesson 1 Book V; Chapter 6 .............................................................................4 Lesson 2 Book V; Chapters 7 & 8 ......................................................................6 Lesson 3 Book V; Chapter 9 ..............................................................................8 Lesson 4 Book V; Chapters 10 & 11.................................................................10 Lesson 5 Book V; Chapters 12 & 13 ................................................................12 Lesson 6 Book VI; Chapter 1 ...........................................................................14 Lesson 7 Book VI; Chapter 2 ...........................................................................16 Lesson 8 Book VI; Chapters 3 & 4 ...................................................................18 Lesson 9 Book VI; Chapters 5-7 ......................................................................20 Lesson 10 Book VI; Chapters 8-10 ....................................................................22 Review (Lessons 1-10) ..................................................................................................................24 Unit Tests and Test Keys ..............................................................................................................29 Facts to Know The Jewish War A.D. 66-70 The Siege of Jerusalem A.D. 70 (May-August) Titus Flavius Josephus Josephus was born Joseph ben Matthias to a priestly and royal Jewish family. He became a Jewish priest and general. -
Domitian's Iseum Campense in Context*
Originalveröffentlichung in: Miguel John Versluys, Kristine Bülow Clausen, Giuseppina Capriotti Vittozzi (Hg.), The Iseum Campense form the Roman Empire to the Modern Age. Temple – Monument – Lieu du mémoire. Proceedings of the international conference held in Rome at the Royal Netherlands Institute in Rome (KNIR), the Accademia di Danimarca, and the Accademia d’Egitto, May 25-27 2016, Rom 2018, S. 179-194 Domitian’s Iseum Campense in context* Stefan Pfeifer Abstract: Sarapis and Isis were without any doubt highly important for Vespasian, as Sarapis played a key role in legitimizing the Roman general’s rise to power. Te present paper focuses on his son Domitian and tries to evaluate the importance of the Egyptian cults for his rule. Tere are two main interpretations of this issue: One view of research argues that the Egyptian cults were highly important for Domitian. Te second line of research is more sceptical wi- thout at the same time denying the importance of Egypt. In defending the latter view the paper in a frst step presents the main arguments for an “Isiac” Domitian and afterwards confronts these arguments with an alternative, non-Isiac interpretation. As Isiac cults nevertheless played a special albeit minor role in Domitian’s self-representation, the paper is concluded by a discussion of the possible reasons for the being of the Iseum Campense in its wider Roman context. Sarapis and Isis were undoubtedly highly important to Vespasian, as Sarapis played a key role in the Roman general’s legitimation to become Roman Emperor. Vespasian perhaps even chose Isis and Sarapis as the patrons of his victory.1 Although this is generally disputed, it at least appears likely that the Isis-religion belonged to the sacra publica from the time of Vespasian onwards.2 Considering the importance of the Egyptian cults in Rome, which had followers in every social layer of society, it is quite astonishing that they are not mentioned more frequently, e.g. -
ROMA SURRECTA: Portrait of a Counterinsurgent Power, 216 BC - AD 72
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons CUREJ - College Undergraduate Research Electronic Journal College of Arts and Sciences 5-2011 ROMA SURRECTA: Portrait of a Counterinsurgent Power, 216 BC - AD 72 Emerson T. Brooking University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/curej Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, Comparative Politics Commons, Military History Commons, and the Other Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Brooking, Emerson T., "ROMA SURRECTA: Portrait of a Counterinsurgent Power, 216 BC - AD 72" 01 May 2011. CUREJ: College Undergraduate Research Electronic Journal, University of Pennsylvania, https://repository.upenn.edu/curej/145. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/curej/145 For more information, please contact [email protected]. ROMA SURRECTA: Portrait of a Counterinsurgent Power, 216 BC - AD 72 Abstract This study evaluates the military history and practice of the Roman Empire in the context of contemporary counterinsurgency theory. It purports that the majority of Rome’s security challenges fulfill the criteria of insurgency, and that Rome’s responses demonstrate counterinsurgency proficiency. These assertions are proven by means of an extensive investigation of the grand strategic, military, and cultural aspects of the Roman state. Fourteen instances of likely insurgency are identified and examined, permitting the application of broad theoretical precepts -
On the Roman Frontier1
Rome and the Worlds Beyond Its Frontiers Impact of Empire Roman Empire, c. 200 B.C.–A.D. 476 Edited by Olivier Hekster (Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands) Editorial Board Lukas de Blois Angelos Chaniotis Ségolène Demougin Olivier Hekster Gerda de Kleijn Luuk de Ligt Elio Lo Cascio Michael Peachin John Rich Christian Witschel VOLUME 21 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/imem Rome and the Worlds Beyond Its Frontiers Edited by Daniëlle Slootjes and Michael Peachin LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC 4.0 License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016036673 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1572-0500 isbn 978-90-04-32561-6 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-32675-0 (e-book) Copyright 2016 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. -
RUSSIAN ORIENTAL STUDIES This Page Intentionally Left Blank Naumkin-Los.Qxd 10/8/2003 10:33 PM Page Iii
RUSSIAN ORIENTAL STUDIES This page intentionally left blank naumkin-los.qxd 10/8/2003 10:33 PM Page iii RUSSIAN ORIENTAL STUDIES Current Research on Past & Present Asian and African Societies EDITED BY VITALY NAUMKIN BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2004 naumkin-los.qxd 10/8/2003 10:33 PM Page iv This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Current research on past & present Asian and African societies : Russian Oriental studies / edited by Vitaly Naumkin. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 90-04-13203-1 (hard back) 1. Asia—Civilization. 2. Africa—Civilization. I. Title: Current research on past and present Asian and African societies. II. Naumkin, Vitalii Viacheslavovich. DS12.C88 2003 950—dc22 2003060233 ISBN 90 04 13203 1 © Copyright 2004 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change printed in the netherland NAUMKIN_f1-v-x 11/18/03 1:27 PM Page v v CONTENTS Preface ........................................................................................ vii PART ONE POLITICS AND POWER Monarchy in the Khmer Political Culture .............................. 3 Nadezhda Bektimirova A Shadow of Kleptocracy over Africa (A Theory of Negative Forms of Power Organization) ...