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Resilience Assessment BRAC Resilience Assessment January 2021 BRAC Resilience Assessment BRAC Resilience Assessment Advisor Sajedul Hasan, Director, - BRAC Humanitarian Programme (BHP), BRAC Kazi Shahidur Rahman, Humanitarian Affairs Specialist, Office of the UN Resident Coordinator, Bangladesh Imamul Azam Shahi, Programme Head - BRAC Humanitarian Programme (BHP), BRAC Bithun Mazid, DRR and Resilience Specialist, BRAC Humanitarian Programme (BHP), BRAC Research Team Khodadad Hossain Sarker, Advisor - Resilience, NIRAPAD Dr. Mohammad Shakil Akther, Professor, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) Hasina Akter Mita, Program Manager, NIRAPAD Afroza Bintey Zaman Toma, Programme Officer, NIRAPAD 2 BRAC Resilience Assessment Acknowledgment We wish to extend our gratitude to BRAC for involving NIRAPAD in Assessment of Resilience and Development of BRAC Resilience Marker Tool. We would like to express our gratitude to Mr. Imamul Azam Shahi and Ms. Bithun Mazid for their cooperation with information and suggestions. We are also immensely grateful to the officials of BRAC Humanitarian Program (BHP), Integrated Development Program (IDP), Urban Development Program (UDP) and Ultra-Poor Graduation Program (UPGP) at BRAC head office and field offices for their contributions. We are also thankful to the program heads of BHP, IDP, UDP and UPGP and head of program design for their time and support. As well, special thanks go to the program participants, GoB officials and local government representatives for their time without which this study would not have been completed. We are grateful to our resource persons, Dr. Mohammad Shakil Akther, Mr. Khodadad Hossain Sarker and Mr. Kazi Shahidur Rahman for their continuous effort to conduct the study. They have spent their time, more than what were actually planned for, to make the report useful. We would like to thank to NIRAPAD’s staff for their support in management and documentation. 3 BRAC Resilience Assessment Table of Contents Acknowledgment .......................................................................................................................3 1. Introduction ...........................................................................................................................5 1.1. Background ..................................................................................................................... 7 1.2. Objective of the Assignment ........................................................................................... 7 1.3. Methodology ................................................................................................................... 8 1.4. Scope and Limitation ..................................................................................................... 11 2. Overview of the Program ....................................................................................................12 2.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 12 2.2. Integrated Development Program (IDP) ....................................................................... 12 2.3. Ultra-Poor Graduation Program (UPGP) ...................................................................... 12 2.4. Urban Development Program (UDP) ............................................................................ 13 2.5. BRAC Humanitarian Program (BHP) ........................................................................... 14 3. Resilience Aspects ...............................................................................................................15 3.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 15 3.2. Resilience Features in the IDP ...................................................................................... 15 3.3. Resilience Features in the UPGP ................................................................................... 23 3.4. Resilience Features in the UDP ..................................................................................... 30 3.5. Resilience Features in the BHP ..................................................................................... 34 3. Institutional Aspects ............................................................................................................37 3.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 37 3.2. Leadership Arrangements .............................................................................................. 37 3.3. Program Cycle Management ......................................................................................... 38 3.4. Coordination and Collaboration .................................................................................... 39 3.5. Accountability to Target Population ............................................................................. 39 4. Conclusion ...........................................................................................................................40 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................42 4 BRAC Resilience Assessment Abbreviation BADC Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation BDT Bangladeshi Taka BEP BRAC Education Program BHP BRAC Humanitarian Program BRAC SPA BRAC Strategic Partnership Arrangement CCP Climate Change Program CDO Community Development Organization COVID-19 Coronavirus Disease CRF Climate Resilience Framework DRR Disaster Risk Reduction DSG Development Support Group DWASA Dhaka Water Supply and Sanitation Authority EMPOWER Engaging Multi-sector Partners for Creating Opportunities, Improving Wellbeing and Realizing Rights of the Urban Poor ERMG Empowering Ready-Made Garment Workers Living in Urban Slums in Dhaka GO Government Organization HNPP Health Nutrition and Population Program HO Head Office IDP Integrated Development Program IGD Interactive Group Discussion LFA Logical Framework KII Key Informant Interview 5 BRAC Resilience Assessment MoU Memorandum of Understanding NGO Non-Government Organization PDM Post Distribution Monitoring PIO Project Implementation Officer PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal SDG Sustainable Development Goal SOP Standard Operating Procedure SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats ToR Terms of Reference UDMC Union Disaster Management Committee UDP Urban Development Program UP Union Parishad UPGP Ultra-Poor Graduation Program VDO Village Development Organization WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene 6 BRAC Resilience Assessment 1. Introduction 1.1. Background Due to geographical location, presence of numerous rivers and flat and low-lying terrain, Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries to hazard in the world. In addition, it is the most densely populated country of the world excluding the city state and a large number of populations is poor. The country regularly faces flood, cyclone, tidal surge, storm, waterlogging, land slide, riverbank erosion, salinity intrusion and drought as well as fire and boat capsize. Numerous of these incidences, at low magnitude, affect all parts of the country every year. They create distress for large number of people and cause huge damage to asset and livelihoods. As well, large scale disasters occur at less frequent interval and cause human casualty along with huge damage to asset and livelihoods and disruption of the services. Disaster cannot be stopped, but experiences suggest that well preparedness at household and community level can significantly reduce the loss of lives and assets. Hence, it is important for building resilience of the communities, institutions and respective organizations. Over the last decades, few concepts have gained such prominence as resilience, the capacity of a system to deal with change and continue to develop. There has been an explosion of research into ways to promote or undermine resilience of various systems, be it landscape, a haor or coastal areas or a city. However, the multitude of suggested factors that enhance resilience has led to a somewhat dispersed and fragmented understanding of what is critical for building resilience and even how an understanding of these factors can be applied. BRAC Humanitarian Program (BHP) works for building capacity of other BRAC programs, other non-governmental organizations, the government and communities across Bangladesh and beyond. The program, through a sustainable and comprehensive approach, aims to build institutional resilience and reduce the risks of disaster events on its programs, participants and the communities. To implement its commitment to resilience, BRAC intends to create a tool that would stand as a guideline and a standard mean of verification through which BRAC can assess whether and how resilient its programs and projects are. This tool, a resilience marker, will help to portray BRAC’s capacity to the donors and partners; to withstand adversities, sustain its programs and help communities realize its resilience. This resilience marker may also be a guideline or a starting point for other national development organizations that rely on BRAC as an example-setter. 1.2. Objective of the Assignment The objective of this assignment is to develop a resilience marker as a tool to assess BRAC’s present resilience at organizational,
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