DOCSLIB.ORG

Henry James and Romantic Revisionism: the Quest for the Man of Imagination in the Late Work

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Henry James and Romantic Revisionism: the Quest for the Man of Imagination in the Late Work HENRY JAMES AND ROMANTIC REVISIONISM: THE QUEST FOR THE MAN OF IMAGINATION IN THE LATE WORK A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (OF ENGLISH ) By Daniel Rosenberg Nutters May 2017 Examining Committee Members: Daniel T. O’Hara, Advisory Chair, English Alan Singer, English Steve Newman, English Robert L. Caserio, External Member, Pennsylvania State University Jonathan Arac, External Member, University of Pittsburgh © Copyright 2017 by Daniel Rosenberg Nutters All Rights Reserved ii ABSTRACT This study situates the late work of Henry James in the tradition of Romantic revisionism. In addition, it surveys the history of James criticism alongside the academic critique of Romantic-aesthetic ideology. I read The American Scene, the New York Edition Prefaces, and other late writings as a single text in which we see James refashion an identity by transforming the divisions or splits in the modern subject into the enabling condition for renewed creativity. In contrast to the Modernist myth of Henry James the master reproached by recent scholarship, I offer a new critical fiction – what James calls the man of imagination – that models a form of selfhood which views our ironic and belated condition as a fecund limitation. The Jamesian man of imagination encourages the continual (but never resolvable) quest for a coherent creative identity by demonstrating how our need to sacrifice elements of life (e.g. desires and aspirations) when we confront tyrannical circumstances can become a prerequisite for pursuing an unreachable ideal. This study draws on the work of post-war Romantic revisionist scholarship (e.g. Northrop Frye, Frank Kermode, Harold Bloom, Geoffrey Hartman, and Paul de Man) as well as French theory (e.g. Maurice Blanchot, Michel Foucault, and Jacques Derrida) and other traditions (e.g. Kenneth Burke, R.P. Blackmur, and Lionel Trilling) to challenge new instrumentalizing scholarly methodologies that aim to overcome the ironies of critical vision. I argue that James’s man of imagination not only presents a critical agency that profits from criticism’s penchant for ironic repetition but also a politics that can help us navigate the tension between artistic self-stylization and the social constraints intrinsic to the liberal rule of law. iii FOR MY TEACHERS iv Few critics, I suppose, no matter what their political disposition, have ever been wholly blind to James’s greatest gifts, or even to the grandiose moral intention of these gifts … but by liberal critics James is traditionally put the ultimate question: of what use, of what actual political use, are his gifts and their intention? Granted that James was devoted to an extraordinary moral perceptiveness, granted, too, that moral perceptiveness has something to do with politics and the social life; of what possible practical value in our world of impending disaster can James’s work be? And James’s style, his characters, his subjects, and even his own social origin and the manner of his personal life are adduced to show that his work cannot endure the question. - Lionel Trilling (1946) The would-be specific literary intellectual who wants to work for social change will … have to fight off two demons of self-doubt: one from the orthodox left, who will tell him that his work is bullshit and that real political work lies in the organization of the workers; the other from the ultra left who will tell him that he must connect his work on traditional texts directly to the “real” situation, our contemporary political situation, or risk total apolitical rarefiction. My answer to these demons is that genuine political work for the Henry James scholar, as Henry James scholar, becomes possible when contact is made with the activity of James’s writing, with all possible emphasis on its act . - Frank Lentricchia (1984) v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There is a unique difficulty that arises from writing a study that looks backward to Henry James and forward toward the future of literary critical practice. It is the problem Northrop Frye identifies when he differentiates between intensive and extensive reading: the necessity of possessing a single author fully and demonstrating a breadth of literary context that adequately frames the critical reading. Frye believes the dissertation is the perfect forum to encourage intensive reading even though extensive reading requires time for maturation. The scenario is the reverse today. Context dominates and is prioritized: one must first find the appropriate setting – often a non-literary or historical-cultural setting – in which to read an author. I have nonetheless remained faithful to Frye. By trying to split the difference between intensive and extensive reading, I am quite sure of relative failure at each end. I desired to possess James in his entirety but the sheer size of his corpus and the professional demand of studying a specialized field (e.g. “Nineteenth- Century American Literature” or “Global Modernism”) took precedence. I wanted to go beyond the fixed limits set by the modern academy. I wanted to read James within an expansive history of literature and criticism that moves from the Romantics to our present moment yet I also felt that I occasionally lost sight of him. Luckily I follow James’s assumption that our errors are redeemable through revision. Any of my success, however, is surely attributable to my teachers. Their influence is recognizable in my topic, its scope, and its goals: below the surface in the textual unconscious; through inflections in my style; and most visibly in the footnotes, no doubt where academic battle lines are drawn, but also where critical debts are paid in full. Historical chance has afforded me the opportunity to learn from a unique array of vi thinkers. At the professional level, they have introduced me to a range of critical styles, polemical tactics, theoretical approaches, the necessity of intellectual revision, and the exigent questions that have driven me to continue learning. At the personal level, they have helped me mature. While their criticism and teaching set the highest bar, it also motivates the ephebe, demonstrating that emulation is a noble goal and not an impossible task. Like a young Henry James, aged thirty-two, encountering Flaubert and his coterie: “Tu vois que je suis dans les conseils des dieux - que je suis lancé en plein Olympe.” With me at the base of the mountain are my peers. Friends far and near, in the academy and beyond, who continually offer me encouragement. Colleen Kropp and Vanessa Loh listened with patience to my ravings and provided the necessary compassion and censure in return. Chris Winkler’s pugnacious precision in language and intellectual rigor awakened my dormant thoughts. He has provided a lasting friendship and reminded me that attempting to scale Olympian heights is an act of heroism. Before them there was always my family – my parents, Ellen and Frank, aunt Lisa, and grandparents Hattie and Bob – whose magnanimity is unrivaled and has guided me to the place where I am now. But that is still, alas, at the bottom of the mountain. By dedicating this study to my teachers, I am acknowledging that the best of them remain, to the core, Promethean, offering a guiding light and bestowing upon their pupils the most important of gifts: Literature is [an] imaginative giving that is also a gaining, since it produces creations that live a more intense life than we – writers and readers alike – share in common. Criticism, then, should essentially be the appreciation and general dissemination of this gift of imaginative life. Whatever else it is, or performs, criticism should begin in such appreciation and aim for such dissemination, even if it means cutting the monumental figure of the famous critic, the elite expert, down to human size. vii PERMISSIONS I kindly thank the editors of the Henry James Review and the Arizona Quarterly for permission to reprint material that has now been disseminated throughout this study. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... iii DEDICATION ................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. vi PERMISSIONS................................................................................................................ viii PREFACE ............................................................................................................................x 1. HENRY JAMES AND THE ROMANTIC-MODERN TRADITION ..........................1 2. THE GRASPING IMAGINATION ............................................................................43 3. THE PENETRATING IMAGINATION .....................................................................79 4. THE CRUCIBLE OF IMAGINATION.....................................................................115 5. HENRY JAMES AND THE ROMANTIC-CRITICAL TRADITION .....................149 CODA ..............................................................................................................................188 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................200 ix PREFACE Waiting on the subway platform beneath Philadelphia’s City Hall, I noticed that
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The World Beautiful in Books TO
    THE WORLD BEAUTIFUL IN BOOKS BY LILIAN WHITING Author of " The World Beautiful," in three volumes, First, Second, " " and Third Series ; After Her Death," From Dreamland Sent," " Kate Field, a Record," " Study of Elizabeth Barrett Browning," etc. If the crowns of the world were laid at my feet in exchange for my love of reading, 1 would spurn them all. — F^nblon BOSTON LITTLE, BROWN, AND COMPANY ^901 PL Copyright, 1901, By Little, Brown, and Company. All rights reserved. I\17^ I S ^ November, 1901 UNIVERSITY PRESS JOHN WILSON AND SON • CAMBRIDGE, U. S. A. Lilian SMIjttins'fii glMoriiB The World Beautiful. First Series The World Beautiful. Second Series The World Beautiful. Third Series After her Death. The Story of a Summer From Dreamland Sent, and Other Poems A Studv of Elizabeth Barrett Browning The Spiritual Significance Kate Field: a Record The World Beautiful in Books TO One whose eye may fall upon these pages; whose presence in tlie world of thought and achievement enriches life ; whose genius and greatness of spirit inspire my every day with renewed energy and faith, — this quest for " The World Beautiful" in literature is inscribed by LILIAN WHITING. " The consecration and the poeVs dream" CONTENTS. BOOK I. p,,. As Food for Life 13 BOOK II. Opening Golden Doors 79 BOOK III. The Rose of Morning 137 BOOK IV. The Chariot of the Soul 227 BOOK V. The Witness of the Dawn 289 INDEX 395 ; TO THE READER. " Great the Master And sweet the Magic Moving to melody- Floated the Gleam." |0 the writer whose work has been en- riched by selection and quotation from " the best that is known and thought in* the world," it is a special pleasure to return the grateful acknowledgments due to the publishers of the choice literature over whose Elysian fields he has ranged.
    [Show full text]
  • Tennessee Williams' "Plastic Theater" a Formulation of Dramaturgy for "The American Method" Theater
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2015 Tennessee Williams' "Plastic Theater" A Formulation of Dramaturgy for "The American Method" Theater Peter A. Philips Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Part of the Theatre and Performance Studies Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Philips, Peter A., "Tennessee Williams' "Plastic Theater" A Formulation of Dramaturgy for "The American Method" Theater" (2015). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 4471. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/4471 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Contents Acknowledgements ...............................................................................................1 Preface ....................................................................................................................2 Introduction ...........................................................................................................5 Chapter Synopsis .........................................................................................7 Chapter 1. Tennessee Williams: A
    [Show full text]
  • Reading Response Questions
    READING RESPONSE QUESTIONS You are expected to answer all the questions for each play or novel. For the “Personal Reactions” question, you do not have to answer all the sub-questions given; you may share your thoughts and reactions instead. Always include proof for your opinions and arguments by defending your position with quotes form the work; of course, reference with page numbers (78). This does not apply to “Personal Reactions.” Since journal writing is informal, you may use first person, but avoid second person; of course, I do expect your best writing with good paragraph formation and clarity. A Doll’s House by Henrik IBsen: Due June 29 (Saturday) 1. Personal Reactions: Do you think that society today conditions young women to accept a doll-like existence? Consider fashion, media influence, gender expectations . Predict what life will be like for Nora or Torvald in ten years. 2. Notice the pet names that Torvald calls Nora. Give examples and analyze why he calls her these names. 3. Torvald gets a pretty bad rap most of the time because Ibsen created Torvald to represent a typical Victorian male. Given Torvald, what would you consider the top three characteristics of a Victorian male? How does Ibsen use irony (mostly seen through Torvald’s hypocrisy) to portray his criticism of the traditional Victorian male gender role? 4. Nora is under the illusion that her husband is a knight in shining armor willing to perform the “greatest miracle” (93, 112) if need be. When he doesn’t, her world falls apart. What did Nora expect Torvald to do once he learned of her secret? That Torvald failed to be Nora’s hero propels Nora into fully realizing her doll-like existence.
    [Show full text]
  • Henry James and the Ethics of Recollection
    doi: https://doi.org/10.26262/exna.v1i1.5993 Henry James and the Ethics of Recollection Greg Zacharias Center for Henry James Studies, Creighton University, U.S.A. Abstract Henry James’s melancholic quality of mind enabled him to understand his relation to the past so that he could free himself of its hold without, at the same time, separating himself from it. It shaped his way of living. As James demonstrates in his notebooks, his past remains with him through his awareness and naming of it. His melancholy relation to the past enables him to use it as part of his identity and, at the same time, as part of the changes to that identity. This is James’s melancholy practice of “facing” his past. His way of using memory, engaging the past as he recalls it, the uses to which he puts the products of that engagement, establishes the ethics of recollection. To develop this study, the essay uses work on melancholy from Sigmund Freud, Jonathan Flatley, Heather Love, David McWhirter, and Lynda Zwinger. Keywords: memory, autobiography, melancholy, mourning. In late August 1881, towards the very end of a six-year absence from the United States, Henry James completed the serial version of The Portrait of a Lady. From that time until his departure from England on his way to the United States on 20 October, he attended to the Portrait’s book version. Finishing Portrait was a condition James set for himself in order to return to his family and homeland. It was a condition of living he established for his reunification with his family.
    [Show full text]
  • RENUNCIATION and SELF-REALIZATION in SELECTED NOVELS of HENRY JAMES APPROVED: Major Professor Minor Professor * Director
    RENUNCIATION AND SELF-REALIZATION IN SELECTED NOVELS OF HENRY JAMES APPROVED: Major Professor Minor Professor * Director of"tF© Department of English Dean of the Graduate School RENUNCIATION AND SELF-REALIZATION IN SELECTED NOVELS OP HENRY JAMES THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS By Susan Lee. Edwards, B. A, Denton, Texas August, 1969 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. ISABEL ARCHER l6 III. LAMBERT STRETHER 42 IV. MILLY THEALE 6l V. MAGGIE VERVER 80 VI. CONCLUSION lOO BIBLIOGRAPHY 106 iii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Henry James's novels explore the venerable theme of the individual's relation to society. His work describes and analyzes the problem from the perspective of characters who are not aware, at first, that a conflict exists. It is as a result of his concentration on his protagonists's devel- oping awareness that James is designated a psychological novelist. His central characters's discovery of the rela- tivity of social values and their subsequent recognition of the possible validity of purely personal conscience comprise the bulk of his novels. The psychological and environmental pressure which requires the protagonists to choose between their own newly recognized values and society's constitutes the remainder. James's characters, in deciding to abide by their personal ideals, renounce society's offered rewards, but they gain the intangible benefit of living up to their perceived vision. Because it involves rejection of societal values, James's theme of renunciation is generally considered life- denying.
    [Show full text]
  • Henry James , Edited by Adrian Poole Frontmatter More Information
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01143-4 — The Princess Casamassima Henry James , Edited by Adrian Poole Frontmatter More Information the cambridge edition of the complete fiction of HENRY JAMES © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01143-4 — The Princess Casamassima Henry James , Edited by Adrian Poole Frontmatter More Information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01143-4 — The Princess Casamassima Henry James , Edited by Adrian Poole Frontmatter More Information the cambridge edition of the complete fiction of HENRY JAMES general editors Michael Anesko, Pennsylvania State University Tamara L. Follini, University of Cambridge Philip Horne, University College London Adrian Poole, University of Cambridge advisory board Martha Banta, University of California, Los Angeles Ian F. A. Bell, Keele University Gert Buelens, Universiteit Gent Susan M. Grifn, University of Louisville Julie Rivkin, Connecticut College John Carlos Rowe, University of Southern California Ruth Bernard Yeazell, Yale University Greg Zacharias, Creighton University © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01143-4 — The Princess Casamassima Henry James , Edited by Adrian Poole Frontmatter More Information the cambridge edition of the complete fiction of HENRY JAMES 1 Roderick Hudson 23 A Landscape Painter and Other Tales, 2 The American 1864–1869 3 Watch and Ward 24 A Passionate
    [Show full text]
  • Andover-1913.Pdf (7.550Mb)
    TOWN OF ANDOVER ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Receipts and Expenditures ««II1IUUUI«SV FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JANUARY 13, 1913 ANDOVER, MASS. THE ANDOVER PRESS *9 J 3 CONTENTS Almshouse Expenses, 7i Memorial Day, 58 Personal Property at, 7i Memorial Hall Trustees' Relief of, out 74 Report, 57, 121 Repairs on, 7i Miscellaneous, 66 Superintendent's Report, 75 Moth Suppression, 64 Animal Inspector, 86 Notes Given, Appropriations, 1912, 17 58 Art Gallery, 146 Notes Paid, 59 Assessors' Report 76 Overseers of Poor, 69 Assets, 93 Park Commissioner, 56 Auditor's Report, 105 Park Commissioners' Report 81 Board of Health, 65 Playstead, 55 Board of Public Works, Appen dix, Police, 53, 79 Sewer Maintenance, 63 Sewer Sinking Funds, 63 Printing and Stationery, 55 Water Maintenance, 62 Punchard Free School, Report Water Construction, 63 of Trustees, 101 Water Sinking Funds, 63 Repairs on old B. V. School, 68 Bonds, Redemption of, 62 Schedule of Town Property, 82 Collector's Account, 89 Schoolhouses, 29 Cornell Fund, 88 Schools, 23 County Tax, 56 School Books and Supplies, 3i Daughters of Revolution 68 Dog Tax 56 Selectmen's Report, 23 Dump, care of 58 Sidewalks, 42 Earnings Town Horses, 48 Soldiers' Relief, 74 Elm Square Improvements, 43 Snow, Removal of, 43 Fire Department, 51 77 Spring Grove Cemetery, 57, 87 Haggett's Pond Land, 68 State Aid, 74 Hay Scales, 58 State Tax, 55 Highways and Bridges, 33 Street Lighting, 50 Highway Surveyor, 46 Street List, 109 Horses and Drivers, 4i Town House, 54 Insurance, 63 Town Meeting, 7 Interest on Notes and Funds, 59 Town Officers, Liabilities, ior 4, 49 Town Warrant, 117 Librarian's Report, 125 Account, Macadam, 35 Treasurer's 93 Andover Street, 37 Tree Warden, 50 Salem Street, 39 Report, 85 TOWN OFFICERS, 1912 Selectmen, Assessors and Overseers of the Poor HARRY M.
    [Show full text]
  • Strings of Pearls: James, Maupassant, and 'Paste' Philip Horne
    1 Strings of Pearls: James, Maupassant, and ‘Paste’ Philip Horne (UCL) Les perles composent le collier, mais c’est le fil qui fait le collier. Or, enfiler les perles sans en perdre une seule et toujours tenir son fil de l’autre main, voilà la malice… [The pearls compose the necklace, but it is the string which makes it a necklace. Now, to thread the pearls without losing a single one and always to hold one’s string with the other hand, there’s the trick…] (Gustave Flaubert, letter To Louise Colet, 26 August 1853)1 a case of feeling, of ever so many possible feelings, stretched across the scene like an attached thread on which the pearls of interest are strung (Henry James, Preface (1908) to The Princess Casamassima (1886))2 i À la Maupassant 1 Consulted 23 December 2018 at http://flaubert.univ- rouen.fr/correspondance/conard/outils/1853.htm 2 Henry James, Literary Criticism: French Writers, Other European Writers, The Prefaces to the New York Edition, edited by Leon Edel and Mark Wilson (New York: Library of America, 1984), p. 1092. (Hereafter LC II.) This essay began as a lecture given on 21 October 2016 at the Third International Conference of the European Society of Jamesian Studies at the American University of Paris, entitled “Reading Henry James in the Twenty-First Century: Heritage and Transmission”. I owe particular thanks to Denis Tredy for his extremely helpful ‘Teaching the “Grandsons of Balzac” a Lesson: Henry James in the 1890’s’ (E-rea: Revue électronique d’études sur le monde Anglophone, 2.1 (2004)), and to Mary Boyington, for her richly detailed PhD thesis, ‘«Esprit de Maupassant»: Henry James and French Realism, A Re-evaluation’ (Aix-Marseille Université, 2017).
    [Show full text]
  • Henry James and the Poetics of Duplicity
    Henry James and the Poetics of Duplicity Henry James and the Poetics of Duplicity Edited by Dennis Tredy, Annick Duperray and Adrian Harding Henry James and the Poetics of Duplicity, Edited by Dennis Tredy, Annick Duperray and Adrian Harding This book first published 2013 Cambridge Scholars Publishing 12 Back Chapman Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2XX, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2013 by Dennis Tredy, Annick Duperray and Adrian Harding and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-4417-9, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-4417-8 TABLE OF CONTENTS Editor’s Preface ........................................................................................ viii A “Curious Duplicity” Dennis Tredy Acknowledgements ................................................................................. xxii List of Abbreviations.............................................................................. xxiii Part One: Duplicitous Subtexts Chapter One................................................................................................. 3 Henry James Gambling on Ghosts: The “Private Source” of The Turn of the Screw Jean Perrot Chapter Two.............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Simply Schools 2020–21
    2020 Learning with Museums & –2021 Galleries across Lancashire www.simplyschools.org.uk Welcome to Welcome to the Simply Schools 2020–21 brochure, we are confident that you will find ideas and inspiration from our Heritage Learning site activities, CPD, loans boxes and outreach, and from those activities delivered by our wider museum partners. Heritage Learning is back for 2020/2021 It gives me the greatest pleasure to with new sessions, projects and announce that the Heritage Learning programmes. Last year the Heritage Team will be delivering the learning Learning Team delivered site sessions, programmes on behalf of the Harris outreach and loans boxes that engaged Museum, Art Gallery and Library in with over 35,000 school children Preston from September 2020. across Lancashire. We have once again David Brookhouse worked with schools on some amazing As part of the national DfE funded Heritage Learning Manager projects including ‘Lancashire Sparks’ Museums and Schools Programme, we an exploration of Lancashire’s intangible are always keen to work with teachers 01772 535075 heritage through clog dancing, music and schools to develop our learning and literacy. The TIME project continues offer. Our themes for this year are STEM, to work successfully with schools Literacy and teacher development. embedding the creative arts into the curriculum. Please contact us if you The funding for Heritage Learning comes would like more information about our from a de-delegated budget which range of new school projects. schools vote to continue each year. This funding allows the team to deliver Once again our teacher CPD, twilight award winning, high quality cultural and INSET programmes have grown from learning across Lancashire.
    [Show full text]
  • The Unique Cultural & Innnovative Twelfty 1820
    Chekhov reading The Seagull to the Moscow Art Theatre Group, Stanislavski, Olga Knipper THE UNIQUE CULTURAL & INNNOVATIVE TWELFTY 1820-1939, by JACQUES CORY 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS No. of Page INSPIRATION 5 INTRODUCTION 6 THE METHODOLOGY OF THE BOOK 8 CULTURE IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES IN THE “CENTURY”/TWELFTY 1820-1939 14 LITERATURE 16 NOBEL PRIZES IN LITERATURE 16 CORY'S LIST OF BEST AUTHORS IN 1820-1939, WITH COMMENTS AND LISTS OF BOOKS 37 CORY'S LIST OF BEST AUTHORS IN TWELFTY 1820-1939 39 THE 3 MOST SIGNIFICANT LITERATURES – FRENCH, ENGLISH, GERMAN 39 THE 3 MORE SIGNIFICANT LITERATURES – SPANISH, RUSSIAN, ITALIAN 46 THE 10 SIGNIFICANT LITERATURES – PORTUGUESE, BRAZILIAN, DUTCH, CZECH, GREEK, POLISH, SWEDISH, NORWEGIAN, DANISH, FINNISH 50 12 OTHER EUROPEAN LITERATURES – ROMANIAN, TURKISH, HUNGARIAN, SERBIAN, CROATIAN, UKRAINIAN (20 EACH), AND IRISH GAELIC, BULGARIAN, ALBANIAN, ARMENIAN, GEORGIAN, LITHUANIAN (10 EACH) 56 TOTAL OF NOS. OF AUTHORS IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES BY CLUSTERS 59 JEWISH LANGUAGES LITERATURES 60 LITERATURES IN NON-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 74 CORY'S LIST OF THE BEST BOOKS IN LITERATURE IN 1860-1899 78 3 SURVEY ON THE MOST/MORE/SIGNIFICANT LITERATURE/ART/MUSIC IN THE ROMANTICISM/REALISM/MODERNISM ERAS 113 ROMANTICISM IN LITERATURE, ART AND MUSIC 113 Analysis of the Results of the Romantic Era 125 REALISM IN LITERATURE, ART AND MUSIC 128 Analysis of the Results of the Realism/Naturalism Era 150 MODERNISM IN LITERATURE, ART AND MUSIC 153 Analysis of the Results of the Modernism Era 168 Analysis of the Results of the Total Period of 1820-1939
    [Show full text]
  • The Textile Museum Thesaurus
    The Textile Museum Thesaurus Edited by Cecilia Gunzburger TM logo The Textile Museum Washington, DC This publication and the work represented herein were made possible by the Cotsen Family Foundation. Indexed by Lydia Fraser Designed by Chaves Design Printed by McArdle Printing Company, Inc. Cover image: Copyright © 2005 The Textile Museum All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means -- electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise -- without the express written permission of The Textile Museum. ISBN 0-87405-028-6 The Textile Museum 2320 S Street NW Washington DC 20008 www.textilemuseum.org Table of Contents Acknowledgements....................................................................................... v Introduction ..................................................................................................vii How to Use this Document.........................................................................xiii Hierarchy Overview ....................................................................................... 1 Object Hierarchy............................................................................................ 3 Material Hierarchy ....................................................................................... 47 Structure Hierarchy ..................................................................................... 55 Technique Hierarchy ..................................................................................
    [Show full text]