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Home , Thanjavur, Tiruvarur district

Introduction

 cOthh; cyfj;jhh;f;F Mzpm/jhw;whJ vOthiu vy;yhk; nghWj;J. (Fws; 104: 1032)

“Agriculturists are the linch-pin of the world for they support all other workers who cannot till the soil..”



Saint Thiruvalluvar in his big role in reducing rural seminal work Thirukkural poverty in the State over devoted an entire chapter the years and considering to highlight the this, many new initiatives importance of agriculture have been introduced by to society and to this day the State to improve the its role dominates the growth and performance of State’s economy. agriculture. Agriculture in Tamil Nadu strives to continues as the largest move along the decade of source of livelihood. Over transformation to meet the two-thirds of the rural Agenda 2030 to become households are dependent free from abject poverty, on agriculture, and about hunger and under- 93 per cent of them are nutrition – the foremost of small and marginal. the Sustainable Agriculture also played a Development Goals -

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 1

SDG1 and SDG2. The Agricultural Infrastructure State in order to meet Development Programme Agenda 2030,especially under Rashtriya Krishi SDGs 1, 2, and 13 Vikas Yojana(RKVY) and (climate smart agriculture) District and State has adopted a Irrigation Plan under transformational vision Prime Minister Krishi and action to overcome Sinchayee Yojana(PMKSY) the emerging unfavorable etc. The recent initiatives situations by application helped in drawing of the best practices in implementable action the application of plans, convergence of science, technology, and efforts and focus the innovations. challenge constraints in a better food and income security tactical and strategic level. of the population. The pathways linking Several measures have household nutritional been initiated to increase security by addressing the income of farmers and livelihood security with a also to provide “Food clear focus on agricultural Security”especially in production leading to food planning to prepare road security has made this maps through “Tamil sector a critical sector. Nadu Vision 2023”, Food The pandemic COVID Grain Mission, District 19 related lockdown and Agricultural Plan, State resultant economic Agricultural Plan and slowdown highlighted the

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 2

problems of food, nutrition the State has been in the and livelihood security promotion of nutrition- confronting a large sensitive agri-food system number of rural people, that goes beyond staple particularly migrants to grains productivity and the cities. Although the placing emphasis on the harvesting operations were consumption of micro delayed by almost two nutrient-rich non-staple weeks, it was completed grains, vegetables through more or less smoothly due a variety of market and to the reverse migration non-market interventions. of labourers, cooperation The macro level availability among farmers and along with household their families with and individual level the Government nodal determinants of improved officials coordinating covid nutrition have also been infection control in almost considered with the food all the regions across the system approach looking State. to encompass all The Government activities involved in the encouraged and production, distribution incentivized investments and consumption of food. in key logistics, Ensuring that the entire e-commerce and delivery value chain addresses all companies and start-ups the components of the food with suitable policies and system in a holistic policy incentives. The focus of framework with the aim to

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 3

enhance the diversity, developments in the quality and safety in a way agricultural sector wherein that is more accessible the SDGs have been and inclusive to all people emphasized coupled with at all times was the complementary judicious guiding principle in monitoring and evaluated dealing with the pandemic implementation pathways. situation. Overall, besides undertaken by the analyzing the trends and government and industry challenges, the current to sustain and enhance publication reiterates the the growth of the sector.

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 4

Executive Summary

Tamil Nadu is located in SummaryThe climate in the State is the South-Eastern part of mainly tropical and the Peninsular , with a temperature ranges geographical area of 130 between 18°C and 43°C. lakh ha. and is the Tenth The State has been divided largest State in India. It is into Seven Agro-climatic the second largest subzones for planning Economy and the most agricultural development. urbanised state in the Semi-arid conditions country. dominate the climate in three sub-regions viz., Tamil Nadu occupies 4% of North, North-East coastal India’s total geographical and South-East coastal. area but possesses only The delta and central 3% of water resources. The regions mainly have semi- State has a coastal line of arid to dry sub-humid 1076 kms. climate.

Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) Constant Prices stood at At Constant prices Rs.13,12,929 crores, (2011-12) whereas the Gross State

The Gross State Domestic Value Added (GSVA) on Product (GSDP) of Tamil crop sector alone at Nadu for 2019-20(A.E) at

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 5

Constant Prices stood at Prices stood at about Rs.51,076 crores. Rs.18,45,853 crores while At Current Prices the GSVA on crop sector (2019-20) (A.E) at Current Prices stood at The GSDP at Current Rs.1,03,949 crores.

Year S. Particulars 2018-19 2019-20 No. 2017-18 (Q.E) (A.E) Gross State Domestic Product (Rs. In Crores) At Current 1465050 1630208 1845853 1 Prices At Constant 1125793 1215307 1312929 (2011-12) Prices

Gross State Value Added of Crop Sector (Rs. in Crores) At Current 77208 83312 103949 2 Prices At Constant 44935 47542 51076 (2011-12) Prices

Percentage Share of crop sector GVA to total GSVA (in %) At Current 3 5.80 5.61 6.19 Prices At Constant 4.43 4.36 4.35 (2011-12) Prices

Q.E: Quick Estimate, A.E: Advance Estimate

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 6

Gross State Domestic Product (Rs. in Crores)

120000 103,949 2018- 19(Q.E) 100000 83,312

80000 51,076 60000 47,542

40000

20000

0 Current Prices Constant Prices

Gross State Value Added of Crop Sector (Rs. in crores)

120000 103,949 2018- 19(Q.E) 100000 83,312

80000 51,076 47,542 60000

40000

20000

0 Current Prices Constant Prices

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 7 1. Rainfall and Seasonal

Conditions

The Bi-monsoon patterns annual rainfall and South- dominate rainfall in the West monsoon contributes sub-agro-climatic zone of 42.37% of the annual Tamil Nadu. On being rainfall during 2019-20. situated on the eastern Nearly one half of the total side of the Western Ghats, districts experienced more most parts of Tamil Nadu rainfall in Tamil Nadu miss a substantial part of when compared to the dependable rainfall in the normal rainfall of the South-West monsoon. respective districts. The During the year under rainfall was highest in The report the Actual Rainfall (2145.9mm) recorded at 985.8mm as and lowest in against the Normal District (522.7mm). The Rainfall of 977.9mm which Actual Season-wise shows an increase of 0.8%. contribution of rainfall to The North-East monsoon the total rainfall recorded contributed 48.53% of the during the year 2019-20 is given below. The Quantum of Rainfall may be classified as follows.

Excess : 20% and above Normal : -19.9% to +19.9% Deficient : -20% to -59.9% Scanty : -60% to -99.9% No Rain : -100%

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 8

(in mm) % Seasonal Sl. Actual Normal Variation Season Contribution No Rainfall Rainfall to Normal (%) Rainfall

South-west 417.7 345.4 42.37 20.9 1. Monsoon

North-East 478.4 477.6 48.53 0.2 2. Monsoon

3. Winter 11.6 29.8 1.18 -60.9

Hot- 78.1 125.1 7.92 -37.6 4. Weather

Total 985.8 977.9 100.0 0.8

Season-wise Average Rainfall (in mm)

700

600 696

500 478

430

429

421 418

400 352

306

296

293 266

300 241 174

200 149

78

124

117

49

11

18 42

100 12

5 3 0 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 South-West Monsoon North-East Monsoon Winter Season Hot-weather Season

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 9

Month-wise Average Rainfall (Normal and Actual)

Month-wise Average Rainfall 280

240 Actual 200 Normal 160

120

Rainfall in mm Rainfall 80

40

0

20

Jul/19

Jan/20

Jun/19

Oct/19

Apr/

Sep/19 Feb/20

Dec/19

Aug/19

Nov/19

Mar/20 May/20 Monthwise Rainfall

Hot Weather Season North East Monsoon (March to May) (October to December)

State experienced 37.6% less Rainfall The Nilgiris, , Thootukudi, than Normal. , Pudukottai, Ramnad, , Coimbatore, and Sivagangai, and Sivagangai received more Rainfall districts received more Rainfall than during this season Normal. 0.2 % increase witnessed compareed to Normal in the State

South West Monsoon Winter Season (June to September) (Jan & Feb)

State experienced 20.9% more Rainfall Chennai, Kancheepuram, than Normal. , Theni,, and districts Tirunelveli, & Sivagangai received more Rainfall than Normal. districts received 50% more rainfall State received 60.9% less than than normal Normal

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 10

2. Agro Climatic Regions of Tamil Nadu

Based on Rainfall (ii) North Western Zone: distribution, Irrigation This zone comprises of pattern,Soil characteristics district Cropping pattern and (excluding hilly areas), other Physical, Ecological Salem, District and Social characteristics, (excluding Tamil Nadu State is Taluk) and classified into seven districts. distinct agro climatic (iii) Western Zone: zones delineated as It comprises of Erode and indicated below. Coimbatore districts, Tiruchengode Taluk of (i) North Eastern Zone: , Karur This zone covers the Taluk of , districts of Chennai, (excluding Kancheepuram, , Dindigul and Natham Chengalpattu, , Taluks), Theni, Tirupathur, Tiruvallur, Perambalur, Ariyalur and Tiruvannamalai, districts. (excluding (iv) Cauvery Delta Zone: and This zone covers the Kattumannarkoil Taluks) Cauvery Delta area in and Villuppuram. Thanjavur, Nagapattinam,

Tiruchirapalli and

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Tiruvarur districts, Taluks of , Taluk of Karur and Pudukottai district, Taluk districts (excluding of Pudukottai district and Aranthangi Taluk). Chidambaram and (vi) High Rainfall Zone: Kattumannarkoil Taluks of This zone consists of . Kanniyakumari district. (v) Southern Zone: (vii) Hilly Zone: This zone This zone includes covers the hilly regions of , the Nilgiris, Shervroys, Virudhunagar, Sivagangai, Kollimalai, Pachaimalai, Thoothukudi and Pazhani, Elagiri-Javadhu, Tirunelveli districts, Anamalai and Podhigai - Dindigul and Natham malai.

Agro Climatic Zones of Tamil Nadu

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 12 3. Land Holdings

According to the 2015-16 Agriculture Census, the State had 79.38 lakh holdings with an operating area of 59.71akh ha. The following Table shows the Number of Operational Holdings and Area. No. of Area Sl.No. Size Class Holdings (in lakh Ha.) (in lakhs) 1 Marginal 62.24 21.69 2 Small 11.19 15.55 3 Semi-Medium 4.52 12.15 4 Medium 1.28 7.14 5 Large 0.15 3.17 All Sizes 79.38 59.71 (Total may not tally due to rounding off) The Gender-wise Operational Holding and Area are listed below. No. of Area Sl.No. Gender Holdings (in lakh Ha.) (in lakhs) 1 Male 63.50 47.88 2 Female 15.60 10.36 3 Institutional 0.28 1.46 Total 79.38 59.71 (Total may not tally due to rounding off)

Male operational holdings constitute 80% of Total area operated, while female operational holdings has a share of 17% and the remaining 3% of the area is shared by Institutional operational holdings.

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Size class wise Land Holding The major share of percent when compared to Operational holdings is 64.88 lakh hectares in the concentrated in the first previous census (2010-11). three size classes viz., The average size of Marginal, Small and Semi– operational holdings has Medium. It accounts for come down marginally by 98.21 percent of the total 0.05 hectare from 0.80 holdings. The total area hectares in 2010-11 operated under all Agriculture census to 0.75 operational holdings in the hectares in 2015-16 current census (2015-16) census which is due to is 59.71 lakh hectares fragmentation of land. showing a decrease of 7.96

Number of Land Holdings

Marginal 78.5%

Small 14%

Semi- Medium 5.7%

Large Medium 0.2% 1.6%

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 14

Size class wise Area operated The first three size classes under all the size classes viz., Marginal, Small and are decreasing except Semi-Medium have the Marginal size class major share of area because of urbanization. operated by the holdings The total area operated by i.e., 83% of Total Area Individual holdings operated. Medium and contributes 97% and the Large size classes remaining 3% contributed contributes 12% and 5% by Joint operational

AreaArea Operated Operated (in (in Ha.) Ha.) LargeLarge MediumMedium 5%5% 12%1212%% MarginalMarginal 36%36%

SemiSemi Medium Medium 21%21%

SmallSmall 26%2626%%

respectively. When holders. When compared comparing the last five with previous census, the census, the area operated Individual holdings and

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Area have decreased by number and Area of 2.19% and 8.31% Institutional holdings were respectively. Also, in increased by 41.71% and respect of Joint holdings, 10.17% respectively over number and area were the previous census, but decreased by 22.48% and in terms of absolute 17.55% respectively. On numbers the increase is the other hand, the minimum.

Comparison between 9th and 10th Agriculture Census

State : Tamilnadu

No.of Holdings Area (in Ha.)

Size class

Sl.No. Variat Variata 2015-16 2010-11 2015-16 2010-11 aion ion

1 Individual 7867364 8043299 -2.19 5796931 6322201 -8.31

- 42982 55448 27557 33422 -17.55 2 Joint 22.48

3 Institutional 27601 19477 41.71 146242 132747 10.17

All sizes 7937947 8118224 -2.22 5970730 6488370 -7.98

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 16 4. Land use Pattern

The Total Geographical lakh ha which is 58% of area of the State is the total geographical 1,30,33,116 hectares. The area. Land not cultivated Geographical area of Tamil but available for Nadu has been classified cultivation (culturable according to different waste) is 3.22 lakh ha. types of land use as forming 2.5% of the total presented in the chart geographical area during below. While cultivated 2019-20. The remaining land (cultivated atleast 39.5% of land classified as once in its entire span) Forest, Unculturable consisting of net area Waste, Non-agri uses, Tree sown, current fallow and crops and Permanent other fallow lands is 75.6 Pastures.

Classification of Land 2019 - 20

Forest Barren and 17% unculturable land 3% Net area sown 36%

Land put to non agricultural uses 17%

Other Fallow lands 15% Culturable waste 2%

Permanent pastures Misc. tree crops and groves not included in and other grazing Current Fallow the net area sown land 7% 2% 1%

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 17 5. Distribution of land in various districts

Barren and Forest Unculturable Land

Forest includes all Forest Land which cannot be area that are classed or brought under cultivation administered as Forest unless at a high cost under any legal spending, whether such enactment, whether state land is in isolated blocks owned or private. Erode or within cultivatable district with an extent of holdings, such as 2,27,511 ha under Forest mountains, deserts, hills is the highest among etc., are classified as districts in their barren and unculturable contribution to the Forest land. alone area of the State. This accounted for 38,198 ha works out to 11% of the which is 8.4% of the State’s total Forest area. state’s barren and The unique feature of The unculturable land. About Nilgiris district is that 3.5% of State’s about 56% of the total geographical area is under area in the district is this category. The area under forests. under this category is very meager in Chennai with 7 ha. and Tiruvarur district with 113 ha.

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 18

Land put to Non Culturable Waste Agricultural Uses All lands available for The land put to use for cultivation but not taken purposes other than up for cultivation once, agriculture such as but not cultivated during buildings, pathways, the current year and roads, social forests, bus- continuously for the last stands, railway tracks, five years or more in canals, rivers, local succession for one reason reservoirs, swamps, or the other are classified marshy and water logged as Culturable Waste. Such areas, land under still lands may be either Fallow water, etc. are brought or covered with shrubs under this category. and jungles that are not Since Chennai is the put to any use. Karur capital city, about 82% district alone shares 20% (35,732 ha.) of its (65,131 ha.) of the total geographical area is put to area of the state under non-agricultural uses this category. followed by Kancheepuram district with an extent of Permanent Pastures and other Grazing 65,584 ha (39.7%). Lands

All grazing lands whether they are permanent pastures or meadows are

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 19

considered as permanent are classified under this pastures and other grazing category. Thoothukudi lands. Village common and district with 33,060 ha. grazing lands within the ranked first contributing Forest area are included 14.9% of the total area of under this category. The the State under this extent under this category category followed by of State was highest in Chengalpet district with with 30,957 ha. (14%). 13,396 ha (12.4%). Current Fallow Lands Misc.Tree Crops and Groves not included in Lands that are kept Fallow the Net Area Sown out of the net area sown during the previous year All cultivable lands, that are classified as Current are not included under net Fallow for the reporting area sown, but is put to year. The extent under this some other agricultural category is highest during use such as lands under this year in Tiruvanamalai Casuarina, Eucalyptus, district with 93,920 ha. Teak, Bamboo bushes, (10.2%). Babul, Thatching grass and other Groves for fuel, Other Fallow Lands etc., which are not included under Orchards Lands which were taken and which bear yield only up for cultivation but have once in its whole life span been temporarily put off

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 20

from cultivation for a year 2019-20. When period of not less than one compared to the previous year but not more than year, the area under this five years due to poverty of category has increased by the cultivators, inadequate 1,55,875 ha. (3.4%). supply of water, silting of canals and rivers, etc. are contributes 5% to the state treated as Other Fallow Net Area Sown. lands. The land under this category was highest in When comparing the Net with Area Sown with that of the 1,72,732 ha. (9.1%) geographical area of the followed by , Tiruvarur district district with 1,42,212ha. ranked first with 74.2% of (7.5%). its Geographical area followed by Perambalur Net Area Sown district with 57.3%. The Net Area Sown Gross Area Sown represents the area sown under first crop during the The Gross Area Sown Fasli year. Out of the represents the total area total geographical area, cultivated under all Food 47,38,297 ha. of land and Non-Food crops constituting 36.4% was including the Area Sown cultivated once with more than once during the various crops during the Fasli year. The Gross Area

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 21

Sown during 2019-20 is of 10.5%. The Area Sown 59,42,134 ha. as against more than once is 20.3% 56,72,086 ha. during of the Gross Area Sown in 2018-19, registering an the State during 2019-20. increase of 2,70,048 ha. Delta districts of (4.7%). Tiruvarur, Thanjavur and Nagapattinam contributes Area Sown more than more under this category. once

The Area Sown more than Cropping Intensity once represents the Cropping intensity refers difference between the to the ratio between the Gross Area Sown under all Gross Area Sown and the crops and the Net Area Net Area Sown. The Sown during the Fasli Cropping Intensity for the year. State during 2019-20 is The area sown more than 1.254. It is highest in once during 2019-20 was with 12,03,837 ha. as against 1.795 followed by 10,89,664 ha. in 2018-19, Tiruvarur district with which shows an increase 1.744.

.

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 22 6. Sources of Irrigation

Irrigation is a vital input Area of 26.7 lakhs ha. in for food security in the 2019-20 which constitutes State of Tamil Nadu. It is 56% of the Net Area Sown. an artificial application of It shows that the water to the soil for growth agricultural and allied of plants. activities are monsoon dependent and agriculture Sources of Irrigation dances to the tune played Water is a determinant by the monsoon. The total factor for production of number of reservoirs in crops in agriculture sector. the state is 87. Intensive and extensive cultivation of land depend reservoir, the mainly on the availability lifeline of the State’s of water. Medium and agriculture, opened on Minor Irrigation schemes 13th August during 2019- are implemented in the 20 with a delay for the 8th state for augmenting the consecutive year against Irrigation for Agriculture. the scheduled opening date of 12th of June every Among the sources of year. It had impact in the Irrigation, wells accounted raising of kuruvai for 63%, followed by cultivation in the Cauvery Canals (24%) and Tanks delta regions. The delay (13%) of Total Net Irrigated

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 23

created ripple effects in crops for 2019-20, the these regions. following Table shows the figures on major heads Considering the area irrigated under different

% of Gross Gross Area Gross Area Area Irrigated Crop Sown Irrigated to Gross Area (in ha). (in ha). Sown Food grains 3692425 2074600 56.2% Food crops 4592793 2677281 58.3% Non-food crops 1349341 733035 54.3% Total Food and 5942134 3410316 57.4% Non-food crops

Tanks Total Canals Reservoirs Ayacut > 40 ha 43448 Govt - 2237 nos 87 nos - 7986 nos nos Private - 1 no. Ayacut < 40 ha - 33137 nos The number of sources of irrigation in the State are furnished below.

Open Wells Tube & other Wells Total Govt - 496 nos Govt - 182 nos 1875742 nos Private -393522 nos Private -1481542 nos

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 24

Area Irrigated The net area irrigated by However the highest different sources during percentage of the net area 2019-20 is 26,72,403 ha. irrigated to the net area as against 25,65,452 ha. sown was recorded in in 2018-19, showing an Thiruvallur District with increase of 4.2% over the 99.87% whereas the previous year. The net lowest percentage was area irrigated during recorded in The Nilgiris 2019-20 constituted district with 6.33%. The 56.4% of the net area following Table shows the sown in the state. net area irrigated by is at the various sources during top with 1,85,896 ha. 2019-20.

(in ha) Net area irrigated Sl. Sources 2019-20 2018-19 % Var. No over Prev. Area % Area % year Canals 1 647983 24.25 6,36,063 24.79 1.88 (incl.sys.tanks) 2 Tanks 351484 13.15 3,21,947 12.55 9.17 3 Wells a. Tube wells 518393 19.40 5,16,336 20.13 0.4 &Bore wells b. Open wells 1150929 43.07 10,86,587 42.35 5.92

4 Others 3614 0.13 4,519 0.18 -20.03

TOTAL 2672403 100.0 25,65,452 100.0 4.17

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 25

Source-wise Area Irrigated 2019-20

Others 0% Canals Open Wells 24% 43%

Tanks 13%

Tube Wells 20%

Canals for 24.25% of the net area (Including System Tanks) irrigated by all sources in the State. Canals are the Canals are the major only source of irrigation in source of Irrigation in Tiruvarur District, and Tamil Nadu. As the system hence 100% of net area tanks get supply from a irrigated is through permanent storage like Canals, which is followed reservoirs, dams, etc., the by Nagapattinam district area irrigated by this with 99.2%. Delta districts source is classified under of Thanjavur, Tiruvarur Canals. During 2019-20, and Nagapatinam together Canal irrigation accounted

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 26

share about 64% of the Tamil Nadu. During the total net area irrigated by year under review, open canals in the State. wells and tube-wells/bore-

Tanks wells continued to be the (Non-System Tanks principal source of Only) irrigation. The net area The Non-System irrigated by open wells Tanks which are fed partly and tube-wells/bore-wells from their independent catchment areas and together accounted for partly from the diversion of 16.7 lakhs ha. (about river water and jungle 62.5% of the total net area streams depend fully on irrigated) in 2019-20 as rain. The Non-system against 16 lakh ha. in tanks contribute about 2018-19 showing an 13.15% of the net area irrigated by all sources in increase of 4.14%. Tamil Nadu during the The net area year 2019-20. Tanks are irrigated by wells during the main source of the year 2019-20 was irrigation in respect of highest in Tiruvannamalai Ramanathapuram district, district with 1.53 lakh ha. where 79% of its total area Except some of the delta irrigated was only from districts, almost all of the tanks which is followed by other districts of Tamil Sivagangai with 67%. Nadu have wells as the main source of irrigation, Wells where above 50% of the Wells are the principal total net area irrigated are source of irrigation in irrigated only by wells.

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 27

Gross Area Irrigated irrigated to net area

Gross Area Irrigated irrigated) is 1.28 for the includes the net area State during 2019-20. The irrigated and the area ratio is significantly high irrigated more than once. in the districts of Gross area irrigated by all Dharmapuri (1.70), sources during 2019-20 is 34.1 lakh ha. as against Tiruvallur (1.62), 31.8 lakh ha. during Tiruvannamalai (1.62), 2018-19 registering an Salem (1.61), increase of 7.1%. Namakkal (1.49) Irrigation Intensity & The Irrigation intensity Thanjavur (1.47). (The ratio of gross area

7. Area irrigated under different crops during 2019-20

Out of the Total Gross The contribution of other Irrigated Area during Principal Crops to the 2019-20, 52.2% is under Gross Area Sown and Paddy, 2.5% under Gross Area Irrigated are Blackgram, 3.8% under shown in the following , 3.3% under table. and 3.9% under Groundnut.

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 28

CROP WISE AREA IRRIGATED 2019-20 (in ha.)

% of Gross % to Gross Area Irrig. S Gross Gross Area Irrigated to Gross Sl. Crop Area sown Area of Area Sown No. Irrigated the State under the crops 1 Paddy 1907407 1781458 52.2 93.4 2 Jowar(Cholam) 450000 43922 1.3 9.7 3 Bajra (Cumbu) 67492 9226 0.3 13.6 4 Ragi 84545 20208 0.6 23.9 5 Maize 333565 112069 3.3 33.6 6 OtherCereals 25855 1096 0 4.2 7 Blackgram 405323 86232 2.5 21.3 8 Greengram 171938 14538 0.4 8.4 9 Horsegram 79058 327 0 0.4 10 Other Pulses 167242 5524 0.2 3.3 Total Food grains 3692425 2074600 60.8 56.18 11 Chillies 47991 20770 0.6 43.3 12 Sugarcane 131207 131192 3.8 99.9 Other Food 13 721170 450719 Crops 13.2 62.5 Total Food Crops(A) 4592793 2677281 78.5 58.3 14 Cotton 169498 48640 1.4 28.7 15 Groundnut 346643 132299 3.9 38.2 16 Gingelly 53018 28933 0.8 54.6 Other Non- 17 780182 523163 15.3 67.1 food Crops Total Non-Food 1349341 733035 21.5 54.3 Crops(B) Total Food and 5942134 3410316 100 57.4 Non-Food Crops (A+B)

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 29

Irrigation is a vital input area irrigated. The for food security in the districts with higher state of Tamil Nadu. irrigation intensity are Ground water contributes Dharmapuri, Tiruvallur, to a major part of the Tiruvannamalai, Salem, irrigated area in the State. Namakkal, Thanjavur. The cropping and irrigation patterns keep On the other hand, changing to meet the Sivagangai, Tiruppur, demands of various Dindigul, Coimbatore and commodities. The chart Ramanathapuram have below shows district wise less irrigation intensity. net area sown and net

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 30

District-wise Net Area Irrigated and Net Area Sown

Net Area Irrigated Net Area Sown The Nilgiris Thoothukudi Tirunelveli Sivagangai Virudhunagar Ramanathapuram Dindigul Theni Madurai Nagapattinam Thanjavur Pudukottai Ariyalur Perambalur Karur Tiruchirapalli Erode Thiruppur Coimbatore Krishnagiri Dharmapuri Namakkal Salem Thiruvannamalai Thiruppathur Ranipet Vellore Kallallurichi Villupuram Cuddalore Thiruvallur Chengalpattu Kancheepuram Chennai

0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 Area (in Hectares)

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 31 8. Cropping Pattern

Cropping Pattern cropping pattern in the refers to the proportionate State during 2019-20 area under different crops besides indicating relative during a Fasli year. share of Area under The following Chart Principal Crops to Total and Table shows the Cropped Area . Cropping Pattern 2019-20 Fodder crops 1% Other Non-food Tea crops 7% 1% Coffee 1% 3% Gingelly 1% Groundnut Paddy 6% 32%

Cotton 3%

Jowar(Cholam) 8% Pulses Bajra(Cumbu) 1% Sugarcane 14% Other Food 2% Other Millets Ragi crops 6% 1% 13%

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 32

AREA UNDER PRINCIPAL CROPS ( in ha)

2019-20 2018-19 Sl. Crop

No

Area % Area % % var.

over over year prev I. FOOD CROPS

1 Paddy 1907407 32.1 1721265 30.4 10.81 2 Jowar(Cholam) 450000 7.6 385842 6.8 16.63 3 Bajra(Cumbu) 67492 1.1 46882 0.8 43.96 4 Ragi 84545 1.4 78593 1.4 7.57 5 Other Millets 359420 6.1 412853 7.3 -12.94 6 Pulses 823561 13.9 850562 15.0 -3.17 7 Sugarcane 131207 2.2 166415 2.9 -21.16 8 Other Food crops 769161 12.9 710052 12.5 8.32 Total food crops 4592793 77.3 4372464 77.1 5.04 II. NON-FOOD CROPS 9 Cotton 169498 2.9 134921 2.4 25.63 10 Groundnut 346643 5.8 335495 5.9 3.32 11 Gingelly 53018 0.9 44610 0.8 18.85 12 Coconut 438935 7.4 439745 7.8 -0.18 13 Fodder crops 46957 0.7 47736 0.8 -1.63 14 Tea 69268 1.2 69686 1.2 -0.60 15 Coffee 33280 0.6 33605 0.6 -0.97 Other Non-food 16 191742 3.2 193824 3.4 -1.07 crops Total Non-food crops 1349341 22.7 1299622 22.9 3.83 Total Food & Non- 5942134 100 5672086 100 4.76 Food Crops

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 33

Net Area Sown and Area Sown more than Once

Trend of Gross Area sown over 6 years (Net Area Sown + Area Sown more than once)

100 11.75 12.41 10.91 10.9 12.04 7.82 50 48.19 48.33 43.47 46.39 45.82 47.38

0

15 16

17

18 19

20

Area in lakh Hectares lakh in Area

-

- -

- -

-

2014

2015 2016

2017 2018 2019 Net Area sown Area sown more than once

Paddy, Cholam (Jowar), Oilseeds, Drugs and Cumbu (Bajra), Ragi, Narcotics, Dyes, Fodder Maize, Small Millets, Crops, Green-Manure Pulses, Sugarcane, Spices crops, Flowers and Other and Condiments, Fruits Miscellaneous tree crops and Vegetables constitute and Groves constitute the the Food Crops. The area Non-food crops. The area under Food Crops has under non-food crops has increased meagerly by increased by 3.8% in 5.04% in 2019-20 over the 2019-20 over the previous previous year. Fibres, year.

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 34 9. Area & Production under different crops

Factors such as fertility of As far as Area is land, monsoon behaviour, concerned, Tiruvarur rainfall, application of district tops with 2.5 lakh fertilizers, availability of hectares of Food grains agricultural labourers, area followed by, climatic conditions, prices, Nagapattinam with 2.4 irrigation, marketing lakhs, Tiruvannamalai facilities etc. determine the with 2.25 and Cuddalore area and production of any with 2.19 lakh hectares. crop. Tiruvannamalai district The production of food contributes 7.8 lakh grains during the year Tonnes to the State Food under report is 115.02 Grain Production which is lakh tonnes as against the highest followed by 103.9 lakh tonnes in Thanjavur and Cuddalore 2018-19 with an increase districts with 7.5 lakh of 10.69 lakh tonnes. Tonnes and 7.4 lakh is major constituent Tonnes respectively. accounting for 63% of The Cropwise production the total foodgrain of food-grains during the production in the state current year and previous during 2019-20. year is presented in the Table below.

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 35

CROPWISE PRODUCTION OF FOODGRAINS (in tonnes)

2019-20 2018-19 % varn. Sl. over No Crop previou Production % Production % s year

A.CEREALS 1 Rice 7265161 63.17 6131550 59.0 18.5 2 Jowar(Cholam) 519821 4.52 464481 4.5 11.9 3 Bajra (Cumbu) 185083 1.61 118007 1.1 56.8 4 Ragi 274474 2.39 255975 2.5 7.2 5 Maize 2614747 22.74 2834437 27.3 -7.8 6 Korra 1091 0.03 304 0.0 258.9 7 Varagu 4019 0.01 2844 0.0 4.3 8 Samai 21866 0.19 23785 0.2 -8.1 9 Other Cerals 10368 0.09 8075 0.1 28.4 Total Cerals (A) 10896630 94.75 9839458 94.7 10.7 B.PULSES 10 Bengalgram 5138 0.04 5418 0.1 -5.2 11 Redgram 53236 0.46 51632 0.5 3.1 12 Greengram 76414 0.66 76862 0.7 -0.6 13 Blackgram 317423 2.76 274307 2.6 15.7 14 Horsegram 61376 0.53 53530 0.5 14.7 15 Cowpea 50147 0.44 52428 0.5 -4.4 16 Other Pulses 41710 0.36 36859 0.4 -1.3 Total(B) 605444 5.25 551036 5.3 9.9 TOTAL FOODGRAINS ( A+B) 11502074 100.0 10390494 100.0 10.7

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 36

The Food Grain Production is sown which is nearly 77%. the vital indicator of The Production of Cereals Agricultural Economy. The and Pulses have increased by total Area under food crops 10.7% and 9.8% respectively in TamilNadu recorded 45.93 during the year 2019-20 over lakh hectares out of 59.42 the previous year lakh hectares of Gross Area

Area of Cereals & Millets

Jowar, 15.69% Bajra, 2.35% Korra, 0.08% Ragi, 2.95%

Maize, 11.63% Varagu, 0.07%

Samai, 0.49% Other, 0.42% Other Rice, 66.49% Cereals, 0.26%

Paddy alone contributes total cereals is 65%. Both 19.07 lakh hectares which is Maize and Cholam each nearly half of total area contributes 11.6 and 15% to under food grains (52%). The the total cereals. Out of the contribution of paddy among total food grain production of

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 37

115.02 lakh Tonnes. Cereals 72.6 lakh Tonnes which is and Millets contributes 67% followed by Maize which 108.96 lakh Tonnes which is has a share of 24% to the nearly 95%. Among Cereals, total Cereals. Rice leads with a share of

Production of Cereals & Millets Bajra, 1.70% Jowar, 4.77% Ragi, 2.52% Korra, 0.01%

Varagu, 0.04%

Maize, 24.00% Samai, 0.20% Other Rice, 66.67% Other, 0.14% Cereals, 0.10%

PULSES Area of Pulses Other pulses, 6% Bengalgram, 1% Cow Pea, 8% Redgram, 5%

Horsegram, 10%

Greengram, 21%

Blackgram, 49%

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 38

Area of pulses contributes Total Pulses production 14% of Gross Area sown. recorded 6.0 lakh tonnes Area under pulses recorded which is nearly 5.3% of total 8.2 lakh ha with 4.0 lakh ha food grain production. When contribution from Black compared with previous year, gram which is nearly half of the production of Blackgram, total pulses. Area of and Horsegram increased Greengram and Redgram considerably by 15.7%, and has been increased. On the 14.6% respectively. The other hand, the production of production of other pulses Cowpea and Bengalgram has increased by 13%. decreased.

Production of Pulses Other pulses Redgram Cowpea 7% 9% 8%

Bengalgram Greengram 1% 13% Horsegram 10%

Blackgram 52%

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 39

includes Mochai, Avarai, Total Foodgrains constitute Kal Payiru, Nari Payiru, Cereals, Millets and Pulses Peas and Beans. Other together. Apart from Cereals contributes 10,368 Principal crops grown in tonnes and Other Pulses Tamil Nadu, certain crops contributes 41,710 tonnes which are being grown to the Total Foodgrain meagerly in the state are Production of Tamil Nadu. included in other cereals The Area and production of and Other Pulses category. Foodgrains over the last five Other Cereals includes years is shown in the Kudiraivali, Panivaragu and following graph. Wheat. Other Pulses

Area & Production of Foodgrains

40.00 115.02 140.00 107.13 103.90 113.85 35.00 120.00 30.00 52.37 100.00 25.00 80.00 20.00 37.55 34.96 36.92 60.00 15.00 35.39 40.00

10.00 29.46 Area in lakh Hectares lakh in Area

5.00 20.00 Productionlakh in Tonnes 0.00 0.00 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 Area Production

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 40 10. Five Years trend of Principal Crops 1.Paddy Paddy is the Paddy accounted for 32.1% Principal Crop extensively of the total gross cropped cultivated in all the area in the State during districts of the state. The 2019-20. Thanjavur district Paddy crop in the state is at the top with an area of has a unique three-season 1.92 lakh ha. followed by format namely Kar / Tiruvarur district with 1.81 Kuruvai/ Sornavari (April lakh ha. Nagapattinam with to July), Samba/ Thaladi/ 1.69 lakh ha., and Pishanam (Aug. to Nov.) Tiruvannamalai with 1.61 and Navarai/ Kodai lakh ha. (Dec.to March).

2500 7375 6638 6132 7265 8000 7000 2000 6000 5000 1500 3554 4000

1000 3000

2000

1907 1829 1721 2000 500 1443 1000

Area in '000' '000' in Area Hectares 0 0

2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 Production'000' in Tonnes

Area Year Production

SEASON Kuruvai Samba Navarai Total 2019-20 206535 1360882 339990 1907407 Area in ha 2018-19 279647 1204714 236904 1721265 % Var. -26.14 12.96 43.51 10.81

Production 2019-20 847692 4954415 1463054 7265161 f f

o in 2018-19 1198496 3940959 992095 6131550 Tonnes % Var. -29.27 25.72 47.47 18.49

Rice Yield 2019-20 4104 3641 4303 3809

n terms terms n rate in 4286 3271 4188 3562

I 2018-19 Kg/ha. % Var. -4.25 11.31 2.75 6.93

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 41

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 42

2.Jowar(Cholam)

Jowar known as Cholam in

20 19 - Tamil Nadu was grown in -

about 4.50 lakh ha. Year

% var. %

2019 2018

Constituting 7.6% of the total cropped Area of the

450000 385842 16.63 Area Area

state. Jowar is sown in both ha) n

(i

under rainfed as well as in irrigated conditions. 519821 464481 11.91

Namakkal, Salem, Dindigul, (in Tonnes) (in

Dharmapuri, Tiruchirapalli, Production

Tiruppur, Coimbatore and

Karur districts together 1155 1204 -4.07

constitute about 83% of the

Yield rate Yield Kg/ha) (in total area under this crop in the State during 2019-20.

500 520 600 464 431 400 440 500 400 300 300 200

154 200

339 386

100 450 386

Area (in '000' Hectares '000' (in Area 100 Production (in '000' Tonnes '000' (in Production

0 268 0 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

Area (in Ha.) Production (in Tonnes)

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 43

3.Bajra(Cumbu)

Bajra known as Cumbu

20 19 -

- in Tamil Nadu is Year

%var. generally sown under

2019 2018

rainfed conditions in the

67492 46882 43.96 State. The area under the Area

(in ha) (in crop during 2019-20 is

0.67 lakh hectares constituting 1.14% of the 185083 118007 56.84

total cropped area in the Production

(in Tonnes) (in State.

district alone contributes 34% of the total area 2743 2517 8.98

under this crop during Yield rate Yield (in Kg/ha) (in 2019-20.

80 185 200 70 180 144 160 60 134 118 140 50 102 120 ' ' Hectares) 40 100

000 67 30 63 80 52 50 47 60 20 40

Area (in ' (in Area 10 20 Production (in '000' Production'000' (in Tonnes) 0 0 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

Area Production

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 44

4.Ragi

The area under Ragi was

19

0.85 lakh hectare 20

- -

constituting 1.4% of the

Year

% var. % 2018

total cropped area in the 2019

state during 2019-20. 84545 78593 7.57 Area

Krishnagiri and Dharmapuri (in ha)

districts combined together contribute 68% of the total 274474 255975 7.23

area under this crop. (in Tonnes)

Production

3247 3257 -0.31

Kg/ha) (in Yieldrate

100 321 350 90 282 274 300 80 256 70 250 60 200 50 86 90 40 114 79 85 150 30 61 100

Area (in '000' Hectares) '000' (in Area 20 50

10 Tonnes) '000' (in Production 0 0 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

Area Production

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 45

5. Other Millets / Cereals Apart from Paddy, Jowar, tonnes of production which Bajra and Ragi, other is 22.7% to the Total Food cereals cultivated in Tamil Grains Production. Nadu are Maize, Korra Among Millets, Samai has (Thinai), Varagu, Samai, the largest cultivated Area Kudiraivali, Panivaragu and with 13,938 ha. mostly Wheat. grown in Tiruvannamalai, Maize has 3.3 lakh ha. of Dharmapuri and Tirupathur Area spread over most part districts followed by of Tamil Nadu except Delta Kudiraivali with 6,747 ha. districts of Tiruvarur, of Area which is grown in Nagapattinam and districts southern districts of Tamil of Ranipet, Tiruvallur, Nadu. Kancheepuram, Sivagangai Area of Wheat is only 11 ha. Kanniyakumari and which is grown in The Chengalpattu. Maize is the Nilgiris and Coimbatore second largest contributor districts. to the state Food Grain

Production with 26 lakh

Area Production Yield Rate S. No Crop (in ha) (in Tonnes) (inKg/ha)

1 Maize 333565 2614747 7839 2 Korra 2320 1091 470 3 Varagu 2033 4019 1975 4 Samai 13938 21866 1569 5 Other Cereals 7564 10368 1373

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 46

6. Pulses

constituting 22.3%. Pulses

19

20 can be raised both in

- -

rainfed and irrigated

Year

% var. % 2018

2019 conditions. The Pulses crops

) being grown in Tamil Nadu

ea 823561 850562 -3.17 are Redgram, Greengram, Ar

(in ha (in Blackgram, Horsegram,

Bengal gram, Cowpea,

tion Mochai, Avarai, Kalpayaru, 605444 551036 9.87 Naripayaru, Peas & Beans

etc., But the major area

Produc (in Tonnes) (in under Pulses Crops are

covered by Black gram, Of the 36.92 lakh Ha. Green gram and Red gram. Under Foodgrains, the area The details of these Pulses under Pulses is 8.2 lakh ha. are discussed here. Total Pulses

900 700 605 880 585 556 551 600 860 500 840 820 338 400 889 800 300 780 851 825 824 200

Area (in '000' '000' (in Hectares)Area 760 785 100 Production'000' (in Tonnes) 740 720 0 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

Area Production

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 47

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 48

i).Blackgram

Blackgram is one of the

20 19 - important pulses grown in -

both Kharif and Rabi Year

% var. %

2019 2018

seasons. It accounts for

49.2% of the total area a

405323 440974 -8.08 Are

under pulses during the (in ha) current year. Thoothukudi,

Cuddalore, Kallakurichi, 317423 274307 15.72

Villupuram,Tiruvannamalai,

(in Tonnes)

Production

Nagapattinam, Tenkasi, Tiruvarur, Thanjavur 783 622 25.88

Tirunelveli, Dindigul and

(in Kg/ha) Yield rate Ariyalur districts together contribute for about 87.6% of the total area under this crop during 2019-20.

450 317 350 302 440 276 274 300 430 250 420 185 200 410 Hectares) ' 150 400 430

000 426 441 100 390 405 380 395 50 Tonnes) '000' (in Production

' (in Area 370 0

2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

Area Production

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 49

ii).Greengram

Greengram is one of the

20 19

- -

major pulses widely

Year

2019 2018

% var. % consumed next to

Blackgram. It is grown both ea 171938 170318 0.95

Ar in Kharif and Rabi seasons.

(in ha) (in

The crop was extensively cultivated in Tiruvarur,

uction 76414 76862 -0.58

Nagapattinam and (in Tonnes) (in

Produ Thoothukudi districts and

they together contributes

444 451 -1.55 64% of the total area under Yield rate Yield

(in Kg/ha) (in this crop in the State during 2019-20.

300 160 140 250 134 120 200 100 78 79 76 150 80 56 239 60 100 180 172 166 170 40 Tonnes) '000' (in 50

Area ( in '000' Hectares) '000' in ( Area 20 0 0 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

Area Production

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 50

iii).Redgram

20 19 - Redgram is sown mainly -

under rainfed conditions. It Year

% var. %

2019 2018

constitutes about 5.1% of 41814 41381 1.05

the total area under Pulses. Area

(in ha)

Dharmapuri, Krishnagiri and Tirupathur districts 53236 51632 3.11

together share about 58% of (in Tonnes)

Production

the total area under this rate

crop during 2019-20. 1273 1248 2.00

Yield (in Kg/ha)

70 70 60 60 60 54 52 53 50 50 37

' Hectares) ' 40 40 000 30 59 57 30 49

20 41 42 20

Area (in ' (in Area Production (in '000' Tonnes) '000' (in Production 10 10

0 0 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

Area Production

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 51

7.Sugar Crops

i).Sugarcane

Sugarcane is the most

20 19 -

- important Commercial

Year

%var. 2018

2019 Crop grown in the State.

Out of 1.31 lakh ha. of a

131207 166415 -21.16 area under Sugarcane, Are

(in ha) 36% is planted and the

remaining 64% is under Ratoon. Kallakurichi,

14119210 17096340 -17.41 Cuddalore, Villupuram, (in Tonnes)

Production Erode, Tiruvannamalai

and Namakkal districts

108 103 4.85 together accounted for

65% of the total area of the

(in Kg/ha) Yieldrate crop during 2019-20.

300 30000 25508 250 25000

18988 200 17154 17096 20000 14119 150 15000 252 100 218 10000 172 166 Area (in '000' '000' (in Hectares)Area 131 50 5000 Production'000' (in Tonnes)

0 0 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

Area Production

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 52

ii).Palmyrah Palymrah is cultivated in 8899 ha. during 2019-20 in the state. Ramanathapuram and Thoothukudi districts are the major contributors under this Crop.

8. Spices and Condiments i).Chillies

Chillies is another

19

important Commercial Crop 20

- -

grown in the State. It is Year

%var

2019 2018

mainly grown in

Ramanathapuram and 47991 45949 4.44

Area

(in ha)

Thoothukudi districts, also sparsely grown in almost all 29618 14000 111.56

other districts. These two (in Tonnes)

districts together share Production

about 57% of the total area 617 305 102.30

under this crop during (in Kg/ha) 2019-20. Yieldrate

49 30 35 48 30 24 47 21 25 18 46 20 14 45 48 15 47 44 46 10 45

43 44 5 ( in '000' '000' in ( Hectares) 42 0 Tonnes)'000' (in 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

Area Production

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 53

b). Other Spices and Condiments Apart from Chillies, other spices grown in Tamil Nadu are Turmeric, Coriander, Tamarind, Arecanut, Cardamom, Garlic, Ginger, Pepper, Nutmeg, Cloves & Cinnamon, Curry leaves and Mint which are cultivated in 1,11,010 ha. of area. Among these, Turmeric alone is cultivated in 18,432 ha. which is grown mainly in Erode, Dharmapuri, Salem, Kallakurichi and Namakkal districts. The area of other Spices are listed below.

CORIANDER TAMARIND ARECANUT CARDAMOM GARLIC Total Area Area cultivated Cultivated in Hilly areas of Dindigul is 7397 Ha. 6843 Ha. of 14527 Ha. Theni, Nilgiris the major area. Thoothukudi Dindigul and and cultivator district Theni Coimbatore Coimbatore with 78% of largest contributes and Salem contributes Total 1433 cultivator with more with 22% shares 57% of 79% of Total Ha. 2622 Ha. and 11% state area 3831 Ha.

Apart from the crops listed PEPPER - Largely Grown in Salem, Namakkal, Dindigul and The above, Mint with 511 ha. of Nilgiris district with a share of 85% to the state total 6080 Ha. Area, CLOVES & CINNAMON Kanniyakumari and Tenkasi are the Ginger with 193 ha. and major contributors to this crop with 89% share to state total of 1055 Ha. Nutmeg with 174 ha. of Area. contributes to the total CURRY LEAVES Cultivated in 2543 Ha. of Area. spices area of Tamil Nadu tops with 1215 Ha. of Area.

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 54

9. Fruits and Vegetables i).Potato

Potato is a major

9

1

20 vegetable crop widely

- -

consumed throughout the

Year

%var. 2018

2019 state of Tamil Nadu. It is

grown only in the hilly areas

4013 3532 13.62 of Dindigul, The Nilgiris, Area

(in ha) (in Krishnagiri and Erode

districts. The Area,

84720 49384 71.55 Production and Yield Rate of

Potato are furnished in the

in Tonnes) in (

Production Table.

21113 15408 37.03

(in Kg/ha) (in Yield rate Yield

6 109 120

5 90 100 85 4 80 66

3 49 60 5

2 4 4 4 4 40

Production (in '000' Production'000' (in Tonnes) Area (in '000' '000' (in Hectares)Area 1 20

0 0 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

Area Production

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 55

ii).

Banana is the third trinity under this crop during

of Fruits and is grown all 2019-20.

over the State. Banana is

20 19 -

the most widely consumed - Year

fruit and is also available in var. %

2019 2018

all the seasons and in 92440 87514 5.63

different varieties in the Area

(in ha)

State. Erode, Thoothukudi, Tiruchirapalli, Tirunelveli, 3987895 3484599 14.44

Coimbatore, Cuddalore, (in Tonnes)

Theni, and Kanniyakumari Production

districts together accounted 43141 39817 8.35

for 60% of the total area

(in Kg/ha) Yield rate

100 4500 3610 3029 3988 90 3485 4000 80 3044 3500 70 3000 60 2500 50 94 91 88 92 2000 40 78 1500 30 20 1000

Area(in '000' Hectares) 500 10 Production'000' (in Tonnes) 0 0 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 Area Production

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 56

ii).Mango

Mango is the first trinity

19

20 of Fruits in Tamil Nadu

- -

Year and is a seasonal one. It is

% var. % 2018 2019 generally grown under

rainfed conditions in the

State. Mango is generally

145378 147162 -1.21 Area

(in ha) (in grown all over the State

and it is concentrated

specifically in the districts

494728 524339 -5.65 of Krishnagiri,

Dharmapuri, Dindigul,

(in Tonnes) (in Production

Theni and Tiruvallur.

These districts together rate 3403 3563 -4.49 share about 53% of the

total area under this crop

(in Kg/ha) (in Yield Yield during 2019-20 in the State

148 1000 870 146 900 144 800 700 142 550 580 524 600 140 495 500 138 147 145 400 136 300 139 134 200 137 136 132

Area ( in '000' ( '000' in AreaHectares) 100 130 0

2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 Tonnes)'000' (in Production

Area Production

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 57

10. Oil Seeds

i) Groundnut

Groundnut is the major

9

20 1 -

crop under Oilseeds - Year

accounting for 5.9% of the var. %

2019 2018

total cropped area in the

State during 2019-20. It is 346643 335495 3.32 Area

raised as both rainfed as ha) (in

well as irrigated crop. Tiruvannamalai, Vellore, 1032903 911240 13.35

Ranipet, Tirupathur, Erode, Tonnes) (in

Production

Pudukottai, Villupuram, Salem, Dharmapuri and 2980 2716 9.72

Namakkal districts together

(in Kg/ha) (in Yield rate Yield constitute about 70% of the total area under Groundnut in the State during 2019-20.

400 1200 892 1007 1033 350 911 1000 300 589 800 250 200 600 347 335 347 150 327 282 400

100 ( in '000' '000' in Hectares) (

'000' Tonnes) (in 200 50

0 0

2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

Area Production

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 58

ii).Coconut

19

20 Coconut is a

- -

Perennial Crop raised

Year

% var. % 2018 2019 extensively in Coimbatore,

Tiruppur, Thanjavur,

438935 439745 -0.18 Dindigul, and Area

(in ha) Kanniyakumari districts.

The area under Coconut in these districts accounted for 49474 40929 14.87

55% of the total area under (in Tonnes)

Production this crop during 2019-20.

11271 8865 20.82

(in Kg/ha) Yieldrate

441 70 60 440 60 439 47 49 50 438 42 41 437 40 436 440 30 439 435

( in '000' '000' in Hectares) ( 20 434 436 436 '000' Tonnes) (in 435 433 10 432 0 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

Area Production

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 59

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 60

11. Cotton

As a Commercial Crop,

20 19 -

different varieties of Cotton - Year

are grown to the extent of var. %

2019 2018 1.69 lakh ha. in the State Area during the year under 169498 134921 25.63 (in ha) report. The major Cotton

growing districts are

Virudunagar, Perambalur, ) 170 kg lint lint kg 170

418081 320303 30.53 of of

Salem, Tiruchirapalli and each

f lint f

Production in bales bales in

Madurai. They together ( accounted for 48% of the

total area under cotton o terms In 419 404 3.71

during 2019-20.

(in Kg/ha) Yield rate Yield

200 500 439 180 418 450 327 160 202 400 320 140 350 120 300

' ' Hectares) 100 250 182 000 80 169 200 148 148

135 ( in ' in (

60 150 '000' Tonnes) (in 40 100 20 50 0 0 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 Area Production

Season and Crop Report 2019-20 61