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And Taewa Māori (Solanum Tuberosum) to Aotearoa/New Zealand
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Traditional Knowledge Systems and Crops: Case Studies on the Introduction of Kūmara (Ipomoea batatas) and Taewa Māori (Solanum tuberosum) to Aotearoa/New Zealand A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of AgriScience in Horticultural Science at Massey University, Manawatū, New Zealand Rodrigo Estrada de la Cerda 2015 Kūmara and Taewa Māori, Ōhakea, New Zealand i Abstract Kūmara (Ipomoea batatas) and taewa Māori, or Māori potato (Solanum tuberosum), are arguably the most important Māori traditional crops. Over many centuries, Māori have developed a very intimate relationship to kūmara, and later with taewa, in order to ensure the survival of their people. There are extensive examples of traditional knowledge aligned to kūmara and taewa that strengthen the relationship to the people and acknowledge that relationship as central to the human and crop dispersal from different locations, eventually to Aotearoa / New Zealand. This project looked at the diverse knowledge systems that exist relative to the relationship of Māori to these two food crops; kūmara and taewa. A mixed methodology was applied and information gained from diverse sources including scientific publications, literature in Spanish and English, and Andean, Pacific and Māori traditional knowledge. The evidence on the introduction of kūmara to Aotearoa/New Zealand by Māori is indisputable. Mātauranga Māori confirms the association of kūmara as important cargo for the tribes involved, even detailing the purpose for some of the voyages. -
Human Discovery and Settlement of the Remote Easter Island (SE Pacific)
quaternary Review Human Discovery and Settlement of the Remote Easter Island (SE Pacific) Valentí Rull Laboratory of Paleoecology, Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera (ICTJA-CSIC), C. Solé i Sabarís s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] Received: 19 March 2019; Accepted: 27 March 2019; Published: 2 April 2019 Abstract: The discovery and settlement of the tiny and remote Easter Island (Rapa Nui) has been a classical controversy for decades. Present-day aboriginal people and their culture are undoubtedly of Polynesian origin, but it has been debated whether Native Americans discovered the island before the Polynesian settlement. Until recently, the paradigm was that Easter Island was discovered and settled just once by Polynesians in their millennial-scale eastward migration across the Pacific. However, the evidence for cultivation and consumption of an American plant—the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)—on the island before the European contact (1722 CE), even prior to the Europe-America contact (1492 CE), revived controversy. This paper reviews the classical archaeological, ethnological and paleoecological literature on the subject and summarizes the information into four main hypotheses to explain the sweet potato enigma: the long-distance dispersal hypothesis, the back-and-forth hypothesis, the Heyerdahl hypothesis, and the newcomers hypothesis. These hypotheses are evaluated in light of the more recent evidence (last decade), including molecular DNA phylogeny and phylogeography of humans and associated plants and animals, physical anthropology (craniometry and dietary analysis), and new paleoecological findings. It is concluded that, with the available evidence, none of the former hypotheses may be rejected and, therefore, all possibilities remain open. -
Chile and Argentina Easter Island Ext Feb2022 Updatedjun2020
E CHE SEM A N CHEESEMANS’ ECOLOGY SAFARIS E S C 2059 Camden Ave. #419 ’ O San Jose, CA 95124 USA L (800) 527-5330 (408) 741-5330 O G [email protected] Y S cheesemans.com A FA RIS Easter Island Extension Mysterious Moai February 23 to 28, 2022 Moai © Far South Expeditions EXTENSION OVERVIEW Join us on an exciting extension where you’ll stroll amongst the monolithic moai statues of Easter Island, carved from basalt lava by Polynesian settlers centuries ago. Visit abandoned settlements, explore ceremonial centers, and take a boat ride for a different perspective of the island, where you might see petroglyphs painted high on the cliffs above. Come along for an unforgettable journey of exploration into the history of Easter Island (Rapa Nui). HIGHLIGHTS • Learn about Easter Island’s moai statues and the tangata manu competition where rulership of Easter Island was defined through a ritual race for a bird egg. TRIP OPTION: This is a post-trip extension to our Chile and Argentina trip from February 11 to 24, 2022 (http://cheesemans.com/trips/chile-argentina-feb2022). Cheesemans’ Ecology Safaris Page 1 of 6 Updated: June 2020 LEADER: Josefina ‘Josie’ Nahoe Mulloy. DAYS: Adds 3 days to the main trip to total 17 days, including estimated travel time. GROUP SIZE: 8 (minimum of 4 required). COST: $2,230 per person, double occupancy, not including airfare, singles extra. See the Costs section on page 4. Date Description Accommodation Meals Feb 23 Fly from Punta Arenas to Santiago from our Chile Santiago Airport D and Argentina trip. -
Productive Strategies in an Uncertain Environment: Prehistoric Agriculture on Easter Island Christopher M
Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation Volume 16 Article 4 Issue 1 May 2002 Productive Strategies in an Uncertain Environment: Prehistoric Agriculture on Easter Island Christopher M. Stevenson Virginia Department of Historic Resources Thegn Ladefoged University of Washington, Dept. of Anthropology Sonia Haoa Isla de Pascua, Chile Follow this and additional works at: https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/rnj Part of the History of the Pacific slI ands Commons, and the Pacific slI ands Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Stevenson, Christopher M.; Ladefoged, Thegn; and Haoa, Sonia (2002) "Productive Strategies in an Uncertain Environment: Prehistoric Agriculture on Easter Island," Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation: Vol. 16 : Iss. 1 , Article 4. Available at: https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/rnj/vol16/iss1/4 This Research Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Hawai`i Press at Kahualike. It has been accepted for inclusion in Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation by an authorized editor of Kahualike. For more information, please contact [email protected]. - Stevenson et al.: Productive Strategies in an Uncertain Environment PftODU rI C fRATCCICS IN AN UN ftT IN E:.NVlftONMLNI: PRTHI TOftle Cftl ULTUftC N EA TCft L LA 0 Christopher M. Stevenson!, Thegn Ladejoged2 and Sonia Haoa3 'Virginia Department ofHistoric Resources, Petersburg, VA 23805; 2Department ofAnthropology, University ofWashington, Seattle, WA; 3Sonia Haoa, Isla de Pascua, Chile I TRODUCTIO will look at how the prehi toric Rapanui utilized and changed the i land landscape. These land cape modification on Rapa he unpredictable nature of a key environmental re ource Nui and el ewhere were developed in re pon e to fundamental T (e.g., moi ture) is often viewed a a major variable that environmental constraints within which agriculture wa prac guide economic deci ion-making and the form of the ocial ticed. -
El Doble Descubrimiento En Rapa Nui: Una Mirada Desde Los Textiles the Double Discovery on Rapa Nui: a Textile Perspective
Revista Antropologías del Sur Año 5 N°10 2018 Págs. 15 - 36 | 15 EL DOBLE DESCUBRIMIENTO EN RAPA NUI: UNA MIRADA DESDE LOS TEXTILES The Double Discovery on Rapa Nui: A Textile Perspective ANDREA SEELENFREUND* & ANTONIA MARDONES** Fecha de recepción: 06 de julio de 2018 – Fecha de aprobación: 10 de diciembre de 2018 Resumen Analizamos algunos aspectos de los intercambios materiales y el rol de los textiles en las relaciones entre los nativos de Rapa Nui y los europeos de las tres primeras expediciones que la visitaron en el siglo XVIII. Buscamos entender el rol de los textiles y las vestimentas al interior de la cultura rapanui analizando el contexto y las creencias en las que estos se insertan, y en particular el rol de las telas de corteza batanada (o tapa) y los textiles europeos, intercambiados en esas ocasiones. El objetivo del análisis es comprender estos primeros encuentros por medio de la agencia de un elemento de la cultura material y desde de la perspectiva indígena. Demostramos que las formas de entender y utilizar el textil corresponden a una estructura simbólicamente significativa y compartida con el resto de la Polinesia, que les permitió articular lo autóctono con lo extranjero y regular las fronteras en una situación de contacto cultural. Palabras clave: Isla de Pascua; primeros encuentros; intercambio de dones; textiles de corteza; tapa. Abstract In this paper we analyze some aspects of the material exchanges concerning cloth and clothing between the Rapanui people and Europeans as disclosed in the accounts and log books of the first three European expeditions that visited the island in the 18th Century. -
8124 Cuaderno Historia 36 Interior.Indd
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Revistas Académicas de la Universidad de Chile CUADERNOS DE HISTORIA 36 DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS HISTÓRICAS UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE JUNIO 2012: 67 - 84 BAUTISTA COUSIN, SU MUERTE VIOLENTA Y LOS PRINCIPIOS DE AUTORIDAD EN RAPA NUI. 1914-1930* Rolf Foerster G.** The older people we found always kind and amiable, but the younger men have a high opinion of their own merits, and are often diffi cult to deal with1. RESUMEN: La muerte violenta de uno de los empleados de la Compañía Explotadora de Isla de Pascua, en agosto de 1915, permite arrojar luz sobre la comunidad rapanui, sus actos de rebelión y resistencia frente al poder colonial. Su efecto de “justicia”, junto a la rebelión “milenarista” de 1914, permitió que tanto el Estado (a través de la mediación del obispo castrense Edwards) como la Compañía modifi caran sus nexos coloniales con los rapanui (de “autoritarios” y “expoliadores” se pasa a unos “paternalistas” y “caritativos”, dando pie a formas híbridas de poder y de un cierto pluralismo legal). * Este artículo fue elaborado en el marco del proyecto FONDECYT Nº1110109. ** Doctor en Antropología, Universidad de Leiden (Holanda). Profesor Asociado Departamento de Antropología, Universidad de Chile. Correo electrónico: [email protected]. 1 Routledge, Catherine, The Mystery of Easter Island, Sifton, London, Praed & Co. Ltd., 1919, p. 140. 88124124 CCuadernouaderno hhistoriaistoria 3366 IInterior.inddnterior.indd 6677 224-07-20124-07-2012 111:14:051:14:05 CUADERNOS DE HISTORIA 36 / 2012 Estudios PALABRAS CLAVE: Isla de Pascua, Rapa Nui, Compañía Explotadora de Isla de Pascua, colonialismo, anti-colonialismo. -
The Human Transformation of Rapa Nui (Easter Island, Pacific Ocean)
Binghamton University The Open Repository @ Binghamton (The ORB) Anthropology Faculty Scholarship Anthropology 2013 The Human Transformation of Rapa Nui (Easter Island, Pacific Ocean) Terry L. Hunt University of Arizona, [email protected] Carl P. Lipo Binghamton University--SUNY, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://orb.binghamton.edu/anthropology_fac Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Hunt, Terry L. and Carl P. Lipo 2013 The Human Transformation of Rapa Nui (Easter Island, Pacific Ocean). In Biodiversity and Societies in the Pacific Islands, edited by Sebastien Larrue pp.167-84, Universitaires de Provence, Paris. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Anthropology at The Open Repository @ Binghamton (The ORB). It has been accepted for inclusion in Anthropology Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of The Open Repository @ Binghamton (The ORB). For more information, please contact [email protected]. Chapter 8 The Human Transformation of Rapa Nui (Easter Island, Pacific Ocean) Terry L. HUNT1 Department of Anthropology, University of Hawai'i Manoa Carl P. LIPO2 Department of Anthropology and IIRMES Abstract Rapa Nui (Easter Island) has become widely known as a case study of human- induced environmental catastrophe resulting in cultural collapse. The island’s alleged “ecocide” is offered as a cautionary tale of our own environmental recklessness. The actual archaeological and historical record for the island reveals that while biodiver- sity loss unfolded, the ancient Polynesians persisted and succeeded. Demographic “collapse” came with epidemics of Old World diseases introduced by European visitors. In this paper, we outline the process of prehistoric landscape transformation that took place on Rapa Nui. -
Rapa Nui National Park
WORLD HERITACE LIST Rapa Nui NO 715 Identification Nomination Rapa Nui National Park Location Easter Island Province, Valparaiso Region State Party RepubliC Of Ch ile Date 13 June 1994 Justification by State Party Rapa Nui National Park contains archaeological evidence, consisting mainly of moai <megalithic statues>, ahu <ceremonial structures>, houses and ceremonial villages, petroglyphs, and wall paintings. They constitute an outstanding and unique cultural heritage. category of propertv ln terms of the categories of property set out in Article 1 of the 1972 world Heritage convention, Rapa Nui is a site. Historv and Description History Rapa Nui was settled around AD 300 by Polynesians, probably from the Marquesas, who brought with them a wholly Stone Age society. Ali the cultural elements in Ra pa Nui prior to the arrivai of Europeans indicate th at the re were no other incoming groups; they rule out the many hypotheses that have been advanced regarding settlement from south America, Melanesia, Egypt, or elsewhere. According to island tradition, the colonizing expedition of fifty people in two canees was led by King Hotu Matu'a. Between the 10th and 16th centuries the island community expanded steadily, small settlements being set up along practically the entire coastline. The high cultural level of this society was high, and is best known from its monumental stone figures <moai> and ceremonial shrines <ahu>; it is also noteworthy for a form of pictographie writing (fango rongo>, which is so far undeciphered. However, there was an economie and social crisis in the community in the 16th centurv, attributable perhaps to over-population and environmental deterioration. -
When the Earth Trembled, the Statues Fell Edmundo Edwards
Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation Volume 10 Article 1 Issue 1 March 1996 1996 When the Earth Trembled, the Statues Fell Edmundo Edwards Raul Marchetti Follow this and additional works at: https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/rnj Part of the History of the Pacific slI ands Commons, and the Pacific slI ands Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Edwards, Edmundo and Marchetti, Raul (1996) "When the Earth Trembled, the Statues Fell," Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation: Vol. 10 : Iss. 1 , Article 1. Available at: https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/rnj/vol10/iss1/1 This Research Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Hawai`i Press at Kahualike. It has been accepted for inclusion in Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation by an authorized editor of Kahualike. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Edwards and Marchetti: When the Earth Trembled, the Statues Fell When the Earth Trembled, the Statues Fell Edmundo Edwards, Raul Marchetti, Leopoldo Dominichelti and Oscar Gonzales-Ferran On July 8, 1987 at II: 50: 14.9, Easter Island experienced topknot. He thought this event could have occurred "perhaps a major earthquake with a magnitude of Ms=6.3, succeeded by an earthquake" (Forster 1982: 465). Assumptions that by several tremors \ hich measured up to Ms=5.9. The some kind of volcanic catastrophe could ha e been the cause epicenter was located at 26.999 south latitude and 108.285 for the toppling ofthe statues was later adopted by A. -
A Short History Of
Independent Practice Read Genre: History Article A Short History of WORDS TO KNOW As you read, look inside, around, and beyond these words Easter North America to figure out what they mean. Equator Easter South • flourish Island America Island ific Ocean • isolated by Monique Jenkins Pac • remote 1 Easter Island is one of the most remote, inhabited islands in the world. It is in the Pacifc Ocean about 3,780 kilometers west of South America. It was formed by three volcanoes, which are now extinct. As far as inhabited islands go, Easter Island is quite small. It measures just 101 square kilometers, which is the size of San Francisco. 2 Scientists believe that the island was settled between 1,200 and 1,600 years ago by Polynesians. Tey called the island Rapa Nui. Tese frst inhabitants, called the Rapanui, fourished. Scientists believe that as many as 7,000 people once lived on the tiny island. Te earliest inhabitants moved tons of volcanic rock and used it to carve the enormous statues that look out over the island’s landscape. 392 Lesson 24 Integrating Information from Two Sources ©Curriculum Associates, LLC Copying is not permitted. Integrating Information from Two Sources Lesson 24 3 Rapa Nui remained isolated from other humans for hundreds of years. Ten in 1722, a Dutch captain, Jacob Roggeveen, discovered it. His ship arrived on Easter Sunday, so he named the island “Easter Island.” He estimated that 2,000 to 3,000 people lived there. Fify-two years later, Captain James Cook came to Easter Island. He counted about 600 people living in misery. -
Collecting, Exhibiting and Engaging with East Polynesia at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
Tuhinga 24: 105–138 Copyright © Te Papa Museum of New Zealand (2013) Collecting, exhibiting and engaging with East Polynesia at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Sean Mallon* and Grace Hutton** * Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand ([email protected]) ** Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand ([email protected]) ABSTRACT: The Pacific Cultures collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (Te Papa) holds significant artefacts from the islands of East Polynesia, including the Austral Islands, Society Islands, Marquesas Islands, Tuamotu Archipelago, Pitcairn Island and Rapa Nui (Easter Island). Some artefacts are important because of their historical association with the voyages of eighteenth-century English explorer James Cook. Others are less well documented but of outstanding aesthetic quality and once belonged to the early twentieth-century English collector William Oldman. In this survey article, we describe the holdings of East Polynesian material culture in Te Papa and argue for their relevance in the national museum of New Zealand. We also examine other holdings in Te Papa that have associations with East Polynesia, and outline a short history of outreach and engagement with communities from this region. KEYWORDS: East Polynesia, material culture, Austral Islands, Society Islands, Marquesas Islands, Pitcairn Island, Rapa Nui (Easter Island), Te Papa, Tahiti, James Cook, William Oldman. Introduction Rapa Nui (Easter Island). We do not cover the Tuamotu Archipelago or Mangareva (Gambier) Islands, as there are Given New Zealand’s twentieth-century colonial ties to the no cultural artefacts from these locations at Te Papa. -
Easter Island, Chile) Sean W
Binghamton University The Open Repository @ Binghamton (The ORB) Anthropology Faculty Scholarship Anthropology 6-25-2019 The thnohiE story of Freshwater Use on Rapa Nui (Easter Island, Chile) Sean W. Hixon Robert J. Dinapoli Carl P. Lipo Terry L. Hunt Follow this and additional works at: https://orb.binghamton.edu/anthropology_fac Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons VOLUM E 128 No.2 JUNE 2019 JUNE No.2 128 VOLUM E THE JOURNAL OF THE POLYNESIAN SOCIETY VOLUM E 128 No.2 JUNE 2019 THE ETHNOHISTORY OF FRESHWATER USE ON RAPA NUI (EASTER ISLAND, CHILE) SEAN W. HIXON University of California at Santa Barbara ROBERT J. DiNAPOLI University of Oregon CARL P. LIPO Binghamton University TERRY L. HUNT University of Arizona ABSTRACT: Sources of drinking water on islands often present critical constraints to human habitation. On Rapa Nui (Easter Island, Chile), there is remarkably little surface fresh water due to the nature of the island’s volcanic geology. While several lakes exist in volcanic craters, Most rainwater quickly passes into the subsurface and eMerges at coastal springs. Nevertheless, the island sustained a relatively large huMan population for hundreds of years, one that built an impressive array of monumental platforms (ahu) and statues (moai). To understand how Rapanui acquired their scarce fresh water, we review ethnohistoric data from frst European arrival (1722) through the Mid-twentieth century. Ethnohistoric accounts identify a diversity of freshwater sources and describe various Rapanui freshwater management strategies. Our fndings highlight the importance of coastal freshwater seeps and provide much-needed insight into how Rapanui procured this vital and necessary resource.