DOCSLIB.ORG

Women, Gender and Development in the Pacific: Key Issuess

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Women, Gender and Development in the Pacific: Key Issuess WOMEN, GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE PACIFIC: KEY ISSUES Women and Gender Mainstreaming Introduction: Women and gender mainstreaming .............................................................3 Pamela Thomas Mainstreaming: The Pacific experience ...........................................................................8 Lorraine Corner What lies at the heart of the failure of gender mainstreaming: The strategy or the implementation?..............................................................................................................14 Suzette Mitchell Women transforming the mainstream — a think piece ...................................................19 Lorraine Corner Transformational development and the wellbeing of women ..........................................27 Elizabeth Reid Whose World? The Bank on gender...............................................................................35 Deb Foskey Men, gender and development .......................................................................................43 Michael Flood Gender mainstreaming: Moving from principles to implementation — The difficulties An ACFOA discussion paper................................................................................................50 Australian Council for Overseas Aid Development Studies Network 1 Defending diversity, sustaining consensus: NGOs at the Beijing World Conference on Women and beyond........................................................................................................55 Kristen Timothy Developing gender mainstreaming and ‘gender respect’................................................60 Tanya Lyons, Jayne Curnow and Glenda Mather Gender mainstreaming: Getting it right in the workplace first .........................................67 Jeannie Rea Rethinking gender mainstreaming (or, Did we ditch women when we ditched WID?) — A personal view ..................................................................................................................72 Patti O'Neill ‘Women hold up half the sky’: Gender mainstreaming and women’s inequality in Australia ..........................................................................................................................77 Hurriyet Babacan Successful strategies for addressing gender equality issues in programs and projects: What works? ...................................................................................................................83 Juliet Hunt Practical challenges for gender mainstreaming in governance projects: Observations of a consulting practitioner ..................................................................................................91 Rima das Pradhan Gender mainstreaming in the Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary .........................98 Donna Loveridge with Fiona Kotvojs AIDS and the burden of care: Mainstreaming gender or ‘main-themeing’ women?......103 Vicki Luker Some reflections on gender mainstreaming and intersectionality.................................110 Jenny Riley The political uses of obscurantism: Gender mainstreaming and intersectionality.........119 Susan Hawthorne Gender, faith and development: Rethinking the boundaries of intersectionality ...........127 Robyn Kennedy and Kirsty Nowlan Elements of a gender mainstreaming strategy: A 14-point framework .........................131 Sarah Murison Introduction to gender analysis concepts and steps .....................................................139 Juliet Hunt IWDA Gender and Development Dialogue, 3–4 July 2003: Summary report ...............149 Jenny Riley Women and Gender Mainstreaming 2 Introduction: Women and gender mainstreaming Pamela Thomas, Development Studies Network, Australian National University Overview As the papers in this volume indicate, attempts to improve the situation of women and to provide greater equality between women’s and men’s access to the benefits of development have gone through many phases and embraced a number of theories, strategies and policies. Over the last 10 years, gender mainstreaming has been the accepted strategy for improving the situation of women. It was based on the premise that the roles, responsibilities and situations of both women and men had to be taken into consideration and that consideration for women as well as men has to be integral to development policy and to political, economic and social structures, rather than the previous focus on improving the situation of women in isolation. The papers here cover an in-depth review of the effectiveness of mainstreaming to date. They challenge the received wisdom, as well as the roles and commitment of the United Nations, government and non-government agencies. The more recent concept of ‘intersectionality’ and its possible value as a tool in gender mainstreaming forms part of the discussion. The last group of papers, based on extensive experience, provides some practical guidelines to developing gender mainstreaming strategies, policies and analysis. Three consistent threads run through most of the paper: the need for clarity and better understanding of the concept of gender mainstreaming; the need for a human rights approach to achieving gender equality; and the need to make the language of gender mainstreaming and gender equality more accessible to lay people, as well as to those of different cultures and those with different roles in the development process. Major points In the eleven years since the Fourth United Nation’s World Conference on Women in 1995 and its adoption of the Beijing Platform for Action, an unusually high level of consensus has emerged amongst many gender and development practitioners that gender mainstreaming as a strategy for achieving equality among men and women, and improving the lives of both, has largely failed. There is broad consensus among the contributors to this issue that the key reasons for this failure are: • the enthusiastic adoption of gender mainstreaming by governments, UN agencies, non-government organisations and the private sector occurred without a clear understanding of the concept and strategies for its implementation; • lack of commitment to gender equality and gender mainstreaming • among United Nations, international, government and development agency leadership and a resulting lack of adequate funding; • lack of understanding of how gender mainstreaming should affect the policies and daily practice of development practitioners; • gender mainstreaming has rendered women invisible, effectively situating women at once ‘every and nowhere’; and • the inability of gender mainstreaming to transform power structures. The most consistent critique of gender mainstreaming is that the mainstream remains masculine. As Lorraine Corner states, transforming the masculine mainstream will not be accomplished by the simple addition of women into decision-making bodies. There is a Development Studies Network 3 need to transform the mainstream as a prerequisite for the achievement of women’s human rights and gender equality. However, not all our contributors see gender mainstreaming as intrinsically flawed. For some, it is now rather a matter of garnering adequate and considered responses to the challenges it poses. The goal of bringing gender into all aspects of organisational and project-level policy and practice, enunciated in the Beijing Platform for Action, is seen to be achievable, but will not occur without concerted and considered strategies. Case studies from Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu and Fiji provide first-hand experience of gender mainstreaming in practice and the role of civil society, NGOs, consultants and consulting companies. The experience has been varied, but some of the examples here show some success in improving the situation of women and the move toward greater equality between women and men. While these examples are of relatively small-scale projects and could not be claimed to be transforming the mainstream on a large scale, they are a positive beginning. The major points that emerge from these positive examples are: • activities or projects were relatively small scale; • establishing well-developed partnerships was essential; • gender equality objectives were jointly developed, widely discussed and understood; • stakeholders from all levels of civil society and government were involved from the beginning; • implementation was flexible and widely differing cultural values were respected; and • projects or activities were long term. A further point that emerged was the importance of commitment to gender mainstreaming throughout the whole structure of implementing and donor organisations. This proved to be unusual. Taking stock of the gender mainstreaming experience Suzette Mitchell, in her discussion of the reasons for the disappointing impact of gender mainstreaming, puts this down to the lack of clarity around the term, the embedded political agenda in a transformative approach to gender mainstreaming, lack of measurable outcomes and the consistent lack of commitment and funding. ‘Until we agree what gender mainstreaming is, what its strengths and weaknesses are, and how to implement it effectively and measure its outcomes across countries and agencies, we will continue a process of half-hearted and ad hoc measures which do not create real change for gender equality.’ Three papers consider the role of the United Nations organisations in gender mainstreaming. Lorraine Corner proposes a new paradigm for transforming the mainstream as part of UNIFEM’s new business
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gender, Conflict, and Peacebuilding S T a T E O F T H E F I E L D a N D L E S S O N S L E a R N E D F R O M U S I P Grantmaking
    [PEACEW RKS [ GENDER, CONFLICT, AND PEACEBUILDING STATE OF THE FIELD AND LESSONS LEARNED FROM USIP GRANTMAKING Kimberly Theidon and Kelly Phenicie with Elizabeth Murray PW76_cover3C.indd 1 9/26/11 10:16:39 AM ABOUT THE REPO R T This report is a result of an initiative to reflect on developments, contributions, and prospects in specific areas where USIP grantmaking has been concentrated. The Praxis Institute for Social Justice was commissioned to review the state of the field, identify lessons learned, and contemplate future directions of work in the area of gender, conflict, and peacebuilding. A review of relevant USIP grantmaking—spanning more than 100 projects with gender dimensions—was compiled to complement the report. ABOUT THE AUTHO R S Kimberly Theidon is executive director of the Praxis Institute for Social Justice and an associate professor in the Department of Anthropology at Harvard University. Her forthcoming book, Intimate Enemies: Violence and Reconciliation in Peru (University of Pennsylvania Press) was produced from a USIP grant-funded project. Kelly Phenicie is a research associate with the Praxis Institute. Her most recent article, co-authored with Lisa Laplante, was published in the International Journal of Transitional Justice. Elizabeth Murray is a consultant to the United States Institute of Peace. The body of this report was researched and written by Kimberly Theidon and Kelly Phenicie, and the appendix by Elizabeth Murray. The authors thank USIP for the opportunity to participate in this initiative and are grateful to Steven Heydemann and David Backer for their helpful input on earlier drafts. Photo courtesy of AP Photo/ Ricardo Mazalan The views expressed in this report are those of the authors alone.
    [Show full text]
  • Download (17Mb)
    University of Warwick institutional repository: http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap/1183 This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. "Talk-stories" in the Fictions of Maxine Hong Kingston and Amy Tan by Hiu Wing Wong A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for' the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English and Comparative Literary Studies University of Warwick, Department of English and Comparative Literary Studies November 2006 Table of Contents Page Number Acknowledgements Declaration ii Abstract iii Abbreviations iv Chapter 1 Introduction: Stories and "Talk-stories" Chapter 2 15 Singing a High-pitched Song: Struggle for a Voice through "Talk-stories" in Maxine Hong Kingston's The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood among Ghosts' Chapter 3 94 Mythic/Creative Rewriting of American History: Claiming America through "Talk-stories" in Kingston's China Men Chapter 4 138 Fusion and Literariness: Construction of a Chinese American (Communal) Identity with a "Talk-story" Play in Kingston's Tripnzaster Monkey: His Fake Book Chapter 5 189 "Foreign-ness" and Popularity: Mother-Daughter "Talking-stories" in Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club, The Kitchen God's Wife, and The Bonesetter's Daughter Chapter 6 299 Conclusion: Stories that Never End Works Cited and Consulted 305 Acknowledgement First of all, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Professor Michael Bell, my thesis supervisor, for his invaluable advice, insightful recommendations, constructive criticism, continual patience and support, and endless motivation throughout the completion of this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Campaign for Peace and Human Rights
    Campaign for Peace and Human Rights Report by Pamela Collett on Afghan Women's Network delegation to the Association of Women in Development (AWID) conference and meetings with NGOs and UN agenc.ies, Washington DC and New York, USA, September 1-16, 1996 Camr:.)aign for Peace and Human Rights Report by Pamela Collett on Afghan Women,s Network delegation to the Association of Women in Development (AWID) conference and, meetings with NGOs and UN agencies, Washington DC and New York, USA, September 1-16, 1996 A ~ghCOln Women a~ Ne~worrk Campaign for Peace and Human Rights Table of Contents Summary of Delegation Visit • Executive Summary • Comments by members of Afghan women's delegation • Afghan Women's Network Follow up plans Documents: preparation for delegation visit • Request for Funding • 25 August Report to Advisory Group Washington DC: meetings and Association of Women In Development (AWID) conference • Notes on meetings in Washington DC September 3, 1996 • Notes from sessions of Association of Women in Development (A WID) conference, September 5-8, 1996 Meetings In New York, September 9-16, 1996 • Chart: summary of meetings in New York • Report: Meeting with Rosario Green • New. York Times article • Letter to UN Secretary General Boutros Boutros Ghali Activities following Afghan women's delegation visit • A WID Conference: Follow up Activities for the Afghan Women's Network • Afghan Women's Network Action Plan • Emergency Alert: Afghan women's human rights • Advisory Group on Gender Issues in Afghanistan: Unified Approach to Human
    [Show full text]
  • Gender and Development [PDF,4MB]
    ill The Network ttt! The Development Studies Network provides information and discussion on social and economic development issues. It publishes a quarterly journal, Development Bulletin, runs regular seminars on development policy and annual conferences on international development. Members of the Network are encouraged to contribute information and papers to the Development Bulletin. Subscription to the Development Bulletin includes membership of the Network. This allows you to publicise in the Development Bulletin information about new development-related books, papers, journals, courses or conferences. Being a member of the Network allows you special discounts to Network seminars and conferences. ill Network Office Bearers tttt National Patron Advisory Board The Right Honourable Mr Ian Sinclair Dr John Browett, Dean, School of Social Sciences and Director Development Studies Centre, Flinders University Board of Directors Professor John Overton, Director, Development Studies Dr Pamela Thomas Centre, Massey University . Associate Professor Joe Remenyi, Deakin University Dr Terry Hull, Director, Demography Program, A'flstralian Professor Gavin Jones, Australian National University National University Dr Sharon Bessell, Australian National University Mr Bob McMullan, MP, Canberra Janet Hunt, Consultant Professor Mark McGillivray, World Institute for Development EconomicS'Research, United Nations University, Helsinki Editorial Board Dr Pamela Thomas, Managing Editor Professor Dick Bedford, University ofWaikato Editor Professor Dean Forbes,
    [Show full text]
  • Embedded Civil Society: NGO Leadership and Organizational Effectiveness in Authoritarian China
    Embedded Civil Society: NGO Leadership and Organizational Effectiveness in Authoritarian China by John Wei-Chung Tai B.A. in Political Science and History, June 1993, University of California, Los Angeles M.A. in East Asian Studies, May 1997, The George Washington University A Dissertation submitted to The Faculty of Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 20, 2012 Dissertation directed by Bruce J. Dickson Professor of Political Science and International Affairs The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University certifies that John Wei-Chung Tai has passed the Final Examination for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy as of March 7, 2012. This is the final and approved form of the dissertation. Embedded Civil Society: NGO Leadership and Organizational Effectiveness in Authoritarian China John Wei-Chung Tai Dissertation Research Committee: Bruce J. Dickson, Professor of Political Science and International Affairs, Dissertation Director Nathan J. Brown, Professor of Political Science and International Affairs, Committee Member Gina M. S. Lambright, Assistant Professor of Political Science and International Affairs, Committee Member ii © Copyright 2012 by John Wei-Chung Tai All rights reserved iii Acknowledgments Writing a dissertation is truly a collaborative effort. This dissertation would not have been possible without the contributions of many people. I want to first extend my heartfelt gratitude to the members of my dissertation research committee. Bruce Dickson, Nathan Brown, and Gina Lambright have patiently guided me through this process. Their excellent scholarships have motivated me to strive to do better.
    [Show full text]
  • La Percezione Della Misoginia Nella Letteratura Cinese Contemporanea. Il Caso Zhu Wen
    Corso di Laurea Magistrale in Lingue e civiltà dell'Asia e dell'Africa Mediterranea Prova finale di Laurea La percezione della misoginia nella letteratura cinese contemporanea. Il caso Zhu Wen Relatore Dott. Paolo Magagnin Correlatore: Ch. Prof.ssa Nicoletta Pesaro Laureando Jacopo Rossi Matricola 859991 Anno Accademico 2016 / 2017 前言 在中国当代文学史上最有争议的现象之一是一小部分作家使用比较貶抑女性的文字。 其中，朱文作家定被认为这类文学的主要代表人物之一。 如果要追寻中国当代文学上史上女性被贬抑的历史根源，那么我们需要从整个历 史发展过程中去分析和探讨这一现象的本质。对于大部分中国女性主义学者来讲，中 国当代女性被贬抑是源于儒家思想。许多中国批评家将此归因于孔子（公元前 551 年- 公元前 479 年）的主要作品——《论语》里的一个经典名句，即：“子曰：唯女子与小 人为难养也，近之则不孙，远之则怨”（17·25）。儒家思想一直认为男性才是传统社会 的核心，因此以父权社会为主的思想从传统中国起就开始贬低女性。 20 世纪初，该思想受到新文化运动冲击。在西方哲学的影响下，20 世纪 20 年代 的中国又开始出现了一种新的女性主义观点，即男女平等。该观点一直到 20 世纪 80 年 代无异议地成为了一种社会共识。虽然在中国共产党政府的宣传中妇女权利和社会角 色一直被视为主要政治重点之一，但是之后经历了向实用主义的变化，在文化大革命 中达到 极点。 实际上在共产党宣言中，所谓的男女平等实际上等于妇女的男性化。换而言之， 20 世纪初起五四运动开始了性别平等的过程，在中国共产党政府下在毛派政治话语的 象征中就作为男性化的过程：毛泽东的主要名言——“男同志能办到的事情, 女同志也能 办得到”，也是使女性成为像男性那样全能工人的一个例子。在整个毛派时期，一个强 壮女性的原型受到好评，即大寨村中用的是质地坚固、强劲的《铁》修饰铁姑娘。 文化大革命时期的中国，个性和主观性这两个权利完全被消除了，而且神话似的 《铁姑娘》被虚构了，即大寨村的性质坚固、强劲的 “铁” 修饰铁姑娘。文化大革命结 束之后，妇女的社会角色因被视为与共产主义思想有关而受到了批评。于是所有想对 政府进行评判的知识分子都以妇女作为政府和共党的象征而批评她。 在 90 年代邓小平的改革开放以及随之产生的中国特色社会主义思想的影响下，中 国对西方和日本进行开发而吸收了新的文化模式和生活方式。来自外国的这些文化模 式有英雄和超人之类的（其中兰博、日本演员高仓健所扮演的不同角色等等）。与这 II 种强大男性角色相比，在中国文学作品中所描述的男性角色看来似乎比较虚弱。在大 多数知识分子的观点中男人的虚弱被视为男女平等政治的结果之一而且他们在不少文 章中表示对妇女回到传统社会角色的赞同（其中 2014 年由小卡、周小鹏著的《中国男 人配不上中国女人》等等）。为了打消对中国男人虚弱的畏惧，学者开始回归到传统 的儒家思想以及用阴盛阳衰这类理论来阐释在社会方面上妇女追赶而超过男人有特权 的角色传播过程。 先锋文学作品很明显主要采取一种以暴力行为、女性被贬抑作为谴责文化大革命 期对人民的压迫的方法。90 年代邓小平思想的资本主义政治以下海作为主要理论，使 得主流文学到达了成功。主流文学主题为财富、暴力、性等等，它的主要写作风格为
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Equality Means Business? Governing Gender Through
    Equality Means Business? Governing Gender through Transnational Public-Private Partnerships by Elisabeth Prügl and Jacqui True This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Review of International Political Economy on January 13, 2014, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/09692290.2013.849277 1 Abstract From the World Bank's "gender equality is smart economics” to the Economist's “womenomics” and Nike’s “girl effect”, feminism seems to have well and truly penetrated the business world. Government action on behalf of gender equality is well institutionalised but private corporations appear as a new actor in this cause. This article asks: What do businesses and their public partners do in order to advance gender equality? What motivates their engagement now and how does it fit into existing public and private relationships of power? What do they mean for feminist agendas? How legitimate are they? And how effective are they? To address these questions the article examines four exemplary initiatives involving businesses in advancing gender equality and women’s empowerment: the Goldman Sachs 10,000 Women Global Initiative, the World Economic Forum’s Women Leaders and Gender Parity Program, the European Union’s Programme on Gender Balance in Decision-making Positions, and the UN Global Compact-UNIFEM Women’s Empowerment Principles for Business. Our purpose is to conceptually locate these initiatives as new private forms of governance involving partnerships with governments. We assess these initiatives employing criteria of feminist evaluation finding decidedly ambiguous results. We argue that the new attention to gender equality in business and global economic governance is both an expression of and a key process in the transformation of states and corporations in the context of global competition and restructuring.
    [Show full text]
  • Appropriation and Representation Feng Menglong and the Chinese Vernacular Story
    Appropriation and Representation Feng Menglong and the Chinese Vernacular Story Shuhui Yan CENTER FOR CHINESE STUDIES THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN ANN ARBOR Open access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities/ Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. MICHIGAN MONOGRAPHS IN CHINESE STUDIES ISSN 1081-9053 SERIES ESTABLISHED 1968 VOLUME 79 Published by Center for Chinese Studies The University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104-1608 ©1998 The Regents of the University of Michigan Printed and made in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Yang, Shuhui. Appropriation and representation : Feng Menglong and the Chinese vernacular story / Shuhui Yang p. cm. — (Michigan monographs in Chinese studies ; 79) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-89264-125-8 (alk. paper) Feng, Meng-lung, 1574-1646— Criticism and interpretation. 2. Feng, Meng-lung, 1574-1646. Yii shih ming yen. 3. Feng, Meng-lung, 1574-1646. Ching shih t'ung yen. 4. Feng, Meng-lung, 1574-1646. Hsing shih heng yen. 5. Folk literature, Chinese— History and criticism. 6. Women in literature. I. Title, n. Series PL2698.F4Z98 1998 895.134609— dc21 9746019 CIP ISBN 978-0-89264-125-3 (hardcover) ISBN 978-0-472-03810-7 (paper) ISBN 978-0-472-12756-6 (ebook) ISBN 978-0-472-90151-7 (open access) The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ . Ct h if: t Af r r To Yunqin Contents Acknowledgments vii Notes on Romanization and Citations viii Introduction 1 Elite Uses of Popular Material.
    [Show full text]
  • Conversations with Women on Leadership and Social Transformation
    Photo courtesy of Reidar Kvam CONVERSATIONS WITH WOMEN ON LEADERSHIP AND SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION SRILATHA BATLIWALA AND ARUNA RAO 1 INDEX ELA BHAT India 4 WU QING China 5 SOLEDAD LARRAIN Chile 7 CECILIA LOPEZ Colombia 8 MARTA LAMAS Mexico 9 XIE LIHUA China 11 SUZANNE PHARR USA 12 VIRGINIA VARGAS Peru 13 SUELI CARNEIRO Brazil 15 AUDREY JOHNSON USA 16 OLIVE SHISANA South Africa 18 ERNA WITOELAR Indonesia 19 GLORIA BONDER Argentina 21 JIHAD ABU ZNEID Palestine 23 LUCY NKYA Tanzania 24 NGUYEÃN THÒ OANH Vietnam 27 JIRINA SIKLOVA Czech Republic 30 MAIRO BELLO Nigeria 32 INTRODUCTION – WOMEN’S INTERESTS AND LEADERSHIP The conversations with eighteen outstanding women leaders that follow elucidate women’s visions, their perspectives on coalition building and leadership, and fundamental questions on how to challenge power and accountability.1 In their own words, these women talk about leadership and particularly women’s practice of that leadership for social change. To support women’s leadership, they point to the need for: • Building an enabling environment for the articulation of women’s visions of development and rights at a global level • Supporting coalition building within the women’s movement and across women’s organizations as well as coalitions between the women’s movement and other social change movements • Challenging power structures and resource control in the political, economic and social arenas and in all types of organizations that keep women and women’s interests out • Supporting the emergence and sustenance of women leaders at all levels for a transformative social change agenda • Building accountability mechanisms across institutional arenas for women’s interests At the outset, we need to unpack assumptions about women’s interests and leadership.
    [Show full text]
  • Herland—An All-Female Women's Utopia
    Journal of Literature and Art Studies, ISSN 2159-5836 November 2013, Vol. 3, No. 11, 667-679 D DAVID PUBLISHING Herland—An All-female Women’s Utopia LIANG Ying Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing, China Charlotte Gilman’s utopian masterpiece Herland (1915) dramatizes a confrontation between three men and an all-female society. Gilman not only creates a political vacuum, where the whole patriarchal civilization, including patriarchal system, superstructure, ideology, influence, and consciousness have ceased to exist, but also men are done away with all together. Most reviews claim that Herland criticizes the patriarchal tradition and manifests concern for humanity and some even regard Herland as the first truly feminist work in the American tradition. But this supposedly utopian world is actually static, without possibilities of growth and even inhuman, gothic, and nightmarish. And this is because Gilman constructs the women’s utopia out of the conviction in women’s superiority over men. Herland is a little paradise that is designed too perfect. Women’s utopias still need to promote social change in the real world. Keywords: separation tactic, angels in the house, parthenogenesis, reproductive function, motherhood, selective breeding, dystopia If the beehive produced literature, the bee’s fiction would be rich and broad, full of the complex tasks of comb-building and filling, the care and feeding of the young, the guardian-service of the queen; and far beyond that it would spread to the blue glory of the summer sky, the fresh winds, the endless beauty and sweetness of a thousand thousand flowers. It would treat of the vast fecundity of motherhood, the educative and selective processes of the group-mothers, and the passion of loyalty, of social service, which holds the hive together.
    [Show full text]
  • A Diplomat's Handbook
    A D I P L O M A T ’ S HANDBOOK for Democracy Development Support Third Edition Jeremy Kinsman and Kurt Bassuener A DIPLOMAT’S HANDBOOK A DIPLOMAT’S HANDBOOK for Democracy Development Support Third Edition Jeremy Kinsman and Kurt Bassuener Published by The Centre for International Governance Innovation in partnership with the Council for a Community of Democracies. © 2013 The Centre for International Governance Innovation. This book has been compiled from the contributions of the author(s) indicated in each chapter, and the copyright in respect of each chapter resides with the author(s) of each chapter. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, application for which should be addressed to The Centre for International Governance Innovation, 57 Erb Street West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 6C2 or [email protected]. ISBN 978-0-9867077-8-0 (paper) ISBN 978-0-9867077-9-7 (ebook) The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of The Centre for International Governance Innovation or its Operating Board of Directors or International Board of Governors. Care has been taken to trace the ownership of copyright material contained in this book. The publisher will gladly receive any information that will enable them to rectify any reference or credit line in subsequent editions. The Centre for International Governance Innovation thanks and acknowledges the Council for a Community of Democracies for its partnership in publishing the third edition of A Diplomat’s Handbook for Democracy Development Support.
    [Show full text]
  • Goddess Beliefs in Chinese Ling'nan Area
    GODDESS BELIEFS IN CHINESE LING’NAN AREA Nguyen Ngoc Tho Lecturer University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Abstract More than any other place in China, the area of Chinese Ling’nan (Kwantung, Kwangsi, and Hainan) is famous for its striking and densely concentrated goddess beliefs. Most of the popular goddess beliefs in this area originated from the long-lasting agrarian traditions of the ancient Hundred-Viet peoples during the pre-Chinese conquest. From 218 BC onwards, the Han Chinese came into the area with their mandarin ideology—Confucianism—causing serious attacks on the local cults. However, these beliefs were not abolished due to their concrete cultural and spiritual foundations, as well as the well-adjusted behavior of the Han Chinese migrants. Today, widespread migrations to Ling’nan, spurred on by economic pressures, show tendencies of serious change. Some cults have been abolished; others have faded. This paper investigates how the goddess belief was formed in ancient Hundred-Viet society, how the Hundred-Viet resisted Confucianism to survive, and how they managed to localize the newly-arrived Han Chinese popular culture, their cultural traits, and their inherent relations with Southeast Asian cultures. It also argues why goddess belief survived well under political pressures during that particular period in China but began to fade under the current economic pressures. 1. Chinese Ling’nan area and goddess beliefs – the common issues: a. Chinese Ling’nan area under geo-cultural viewpoint Wu’ling Range (五岭山, or Five-Mountain Range), the extended part of the Himalayan mountains reaching the Pacific coast in the south of Hokkien and the north of Kwangtung, forms the natural walls that separate the whole region into two areas: Ling’nan (岭南，South of Wu’ling) and Ling’bei (岭北，North of Wu’ling).
    [Show full text]