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Petrology, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry of the Goldlund Gold Deposit, Northwestern Ontario Steven D

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Petrology, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry of the Goldlund Gold Deposit, Northwestern Ontario Steven D University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects 1986 Petrology, mineralogy, and geochemistry of the Goldlund Gold Deposit, Northwestern Ontario Steven D. Giddings University of North Dakota Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Giddings, Steven D., "Petrology, mineralogy, and geochemistry of the Goldlund Gold Deposit, Northwestern Ontario" (1986). Theses and Dissertations. 107. https://commons.und.edu/theses/107 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PETROLOGY, MINERALOGY, AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE GOLDLUND GOLD DEPOSIT, NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO by Steven D. Giddings Bachelor of Arts, St. Cloud State University, 1982 I I I !i f A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty '\ of the § University of North Dakota in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Grand· Forks, North Dakota December 1986 This thesis submitted by Steven D. Giddings in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science from the University of North Dakota has been read by the Faculty Advisory Committee under whom the work has been done, and is hereby approved. This thesis meets the standards for appearance and conforms to the style and format requirements of the Graduate School of the University of North Dakota, and is hereby approved. /0 pv/t:t, e Graduate School ii 561,15:1 Permission Title Petrology, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry of the Goldlund Gold Deposit, Northwestern Ontario Department ~~==~--------------------Geolo Degree Master of Science In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a graduate degree from the University of North Dakota, I agree that the Library of this University shall make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for extensive copying for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor who supervised my thesis work or, in his absence, by the Chairman of the Department or the Dean of the Graduate School. It is understood that ahy copying or publication or other use of this thesis or part thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and the University of North Dakota in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Signature ~ Duwi ~ Date K>/t0/86 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS • vi LIST OF TABLES, • • ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ... xi ABSTRACT . xiii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION . l 1.1 Location . • • • . l 1.2 Purpose and Scope • 1 1.3 Geologic Setting • . 4 1.4 Previous Work and General Geology • 10 CHAPTER 2. PETROGRAPHY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF METAMORP~IC AND IGNEOUS ROCKS • • • • • • • . • , 18 2.1 Keewatin Lavas and Associated Metasedimentary Rocks • • • • .. • • .. • • • 18 2.2 Monzodiorite •.• ·-• •••••• 29 2.3 Albitized Tonalite Dikes ..• 37 2.4 Granitic and Quartz Monzonitic Rock Types 65 CHAPTER 3. MINERALOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF ORE ZONE il AND THE OPEN PIT . ·. • . • • • • • 91 3.1 Vein Mineralogy. • . • • • . • • • •. 91 3.2 Chemical and Mineralogical Changes Associated With Alteration ••.••• 91 3.3 Description of Ore Minerals and Associated Minerals •••. 118 CHAPTER 4, INTERPRETATION AND DISCUSSION . 134 4.1 General Geology ••••.••• 134 4.2 Comparisons and Petrogenesis of the Various Intrusive Rock Types • • • • • • • • • 137 4.3 Alteration .............. 150 4.4 Mineral Paragenesis of Ore-bearing and Associated Minerals ..••••••.•• 157 4.5 Generalized Model of Gold Deposition for the Goldlund Deposit ••••••.••..•.• 166 CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE STUDY •••••.•• , 172 5.1 Conclusions • • . •.•.•• 172 5.2 Recommendations for Future Study 174 iv APPENDICES • • . .. .. 176 APPENDIX A. Sample Locations • • • 177 APPENDIX B. Methods and Procedures 187 APPENDIX C. Whole Rock Chemical Analyses of Samples Used in Alteration Studies 199 APPENDIX D. Chemical Analyses and CIPW Normative Mineralogy of Miscellaneous Rock Types. 206 REFERENCES CITED •••••••••••••.••••• 211 V LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure • • .. • 3 1. Location Map of the Study. Areas . 2. Geologic Setting and General Geology of the Study Areas . • • • • . • • . • . • • . • . .• 6 3. Stratigraphic Section and Age Relationships of the Sioux Lookout Area. • • • • • • • • 9 4. Geologic Map of the Eastern Study Area • 15 5. Geologic Map of the Western Study Area . 17 6. Photomicrograph of Pillowed Basalt (Sample EA-3) • 24 7. Photomicrograph of Feathered Amphibolite (Sample MC-7) • • • • • • • • • 24 8. Field Photograph of Spherulit1c Lava ••• • 27 9. Photomicrograph of Spherulitic Lava (Sample Z3-l). 27 10. Triangular QAP and AFM Plots of Monzodiorites 36 11. Slab Photograph of Dark-Phase, Albitized Tonalite (Sample EA-28) • • • • • • . • . .. .. 42 12. Photomicrograph of Dark-Phase, Albitized Tonalite (Sample EA-19) ••••.• .. .. 42 13. Variability of Intergrowths in Dark- and Light- Phase, Albitized Tonalites • • . • • • • • • • 47 14. Slab Photograph of Light-Phase, Albitized Tonalite (Sample EA-14) •.••••••• . .. 50 15. Photomicrograph of Light-Phase, Albitized Tonalite (Sample EA-33) .••.••••• 50 16. Triangular QAP and AFM Plots of the Dark- and Light-Phase, Albitized Tonalites •.•••.• . 62 17. Triangular Q-Ab-Or and K-Na-Ca Plots of the Dark- and Light-Phase, Albitized Tonalites • • • • • . 64 18. Slab Photograph of.Quartz Porphyry (Sample MR-4) 72 19. Photomicrograph of Quartz Porphyry (Sample MR-5) 72 vi 20. Slab Photograph of Quartz Monzonite (Sample OA-7) • . • • . • 72 21. Photomicrograph of Quartz Monzonite (Sample OA-2) . • • . • . • . 72 22. Slab Photograph of Quartz-Feldspar Porphyry (Sample EA-24) . • . 79 23. Photomicrograph of Quartz-Feldspar Porphyry (Sample EA-10) . • • . • . • . • . 79 24. Slab photograph of crossecho Stock Granite (Sample CLS-6) . • . • . • 79 25. Photomicrograph of Crossecho Stock Granite (Sample CLS-6) . • • • . • 79 26. Triangular QAP and AFM Plots of the Quartz Mon- zonite Stock, Quartz Porphyry Dikes, Quartz- Feldspar Porphyries, ·and Crossecho Stock . • . 88 27. Triangular Q-Ab-Or and K-Na-Ca Plots of the Quartz Monzonite Stock, Quartz Porphyry Dikes, Quartz- Feldspar Porphyries, and Crossecho Stock. • • 90 28. Slab Photograph of Quartz Vein and Associated Alteration Halo . • • • • • • • • • • • 94 29. Slab Photograph of Zoned Alteration Around a Quartz Vein .......•.... 94 30. Photomicrograph of Visibly Altered, Light-Phase, Albitized Tonalite (Sample EA-13) •• • 94 31. Alteration Profile From Stope 1-13E • • 98 32. Alteration Profile From the Open Pit • 100 33. Alteration Profile From the Open Pit • 102 34. Alteration Profile From Stope 1-05CW. • 104 35. Alteration Profiles of Sulfur and Arsenic Con­ centration Changes for Samples From the Open Pit and Stope l-05CW • .....•••.•••.••• 106 36. Alteration Profiles of Cobalt, Lead, Copper, Barium, and Rubidium Concentration Changes for Samples From Stope 1-13E and the Open Pit •• 108 vii 3.7. Composition-Volume Diagram and Graph for Unaltered Average and Visible Alteration of Stope l-13E •••••••••••••. • 112 38. Composition-Volume Graphs for Stope 1-13E and the Open Pit. • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • 115 39. Composition-Volume Graphs for Stope 1-05CW and the Open Pit. • . • . • • • • • • • 117 40. Backscattered Electron Images of Mineral to Mineral Relationships • . 130 41. Backscattered Electron Images of Mineral to Mineral Relationships . 132 42. AFM, K-Na-Ca, and Q-Ab-Or Plots of the Intrusive Rock Types .. • . • • • • . .. .. .. .. • • .. • . 14 0 43. Observed Fractionation Trends on Rb-Sr, Ti-Zr, Nb-Zr, and Y-Zr Diagrams. • • • • • • •••. 143 44. Silica Variation (Harker) Diagram of the Crossecho Stock- Quartz-Feldspar Porphyry­ Quartz Monzonite Stock Rock Series •.• • • • 14 6 45. Simplified Schematic Summary of Chemical and Mineralogical Changes Associated With Alteration. 153 46. Generalized Paragenetic Sequence of Ore-bearing Minerals, Including Xenotime, in the Goldlund Mine Veins. • • • ••.• . .. .. 159 47. Relationships in the Synthetic Au-Ag-Te System 165 48. Sample Locations, Eastern Study Area 180 49, Sample Locations, Western Study Area . 182 so. Sample Locations, East Extension (Closeup) 184 51. Sample Locations, Ore Zone lf2 (Closeup) 186 viii LIST OF TABLES Table 1. List of Precambrian Geologic Units, Crossecho Lake Area . • • . • . • • . • •. • . • 12 2. Microprobe Analyses of Minerals and Matrix Compositions in Keewatin Lavas •••• 21 3 • Microprobe Analyses of Matrix and Bulk Com- positions, Spherulitic Lavas and Meta- sedimentary Rocks . 28 4. Microprobe Analyses of Minerals in Monzo- diorites . 33 5. Chemical Analyses and CIPW Normative Mineralogy of Monzodiorites •••• . 34 6. Modal Analyses of Dark-Phase, Albitized Tonalite Dikes ....••....•.. • . 40 7. Microprobe Analyses of Minerals in Dark­ Phase, Albi ti zed Tonal i tes • . • • . 43 8. Modal Analyses of Light-Phase, Albitized Tonalite Dikes ..•••..•••.•. 51 9. Microprobe Analyses of Minerals in Light- Phase, Albitized Tonalites • • . • •• 52 10. Chemical Analyses and CIPW Normative Mineralogy of Dark-Phase, Albitized Tonalite Dikes . • • . 57 11. Chemical Analyses and CIPW Normative Mineralogy of Light-Phase, Albitized Tonalite
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