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Confronting and Coping with Resilient Environment by Fishermen Community of Penthakata, Puri During Fani

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Confronting and Coping with Resilient Environment by Fishermen Community of Penthakata, Puri During Fani ADALYA JOURNAL ISSN NO: 1301-2746 Confronting and Coping with Resilient Environment by Fishermen Community of Penthakata, Puri during Fani Er. Sagarika Panda, Dr. Siba Prasad Mishra Civil Engineering Department, Centurion University of Technology and Management Abstract: This paper explores the challenges and opportunities for confirming and coping of the nomadic but now settled as domicile, the fishermen Telugu community at Penthakata, Puri Town by the cyclone FANI. The extreme severe cyclonic storm, Fani shattered the coastal fishing trade/craft/gears where it slammed Puri coast on 3rd May with gusting wind speed of 185-213 Km/hr, central eye pressure drop of 50hPa. The cyclone has devastated the Penthakata, a fishermen village (Ward No 26 &32 of Puri Municipality), on land fall, which is prone to cyclones, surge inundation, erosion on high waves and tides. The present focused area is coping with the physically, psychologically and economically devastations made to the developing fishermen community domiciled at Coastal areas of northern flange of Puri Municipality as migrant settlers. Field survey was conducted in these areas of Puri town as case studies of pre and post Fani losses. According to local people, the ignorance about the knowledge of safe building code for cyclone resilient structures, community infrastructural facilities, issuing authentic land holding (Patta) and poverty alleviation programs are the main causes of their sufferings. This paper presents details of data collection and modifications after the disaster Fani and disaster Impact analysis. The lessons learnt are need for Disaster- risk Management Programs based upon community participation, institutions for disaster management creation and strengthening, emergency response/rehabilitation cyclone centers, awareness initiatives and emergency operation centers on short-term/ long-term plans. Key Words: Cyclones, Resilient buildings, Eastcoast of India Introduction Anthropogenic activities and climate anomalies have escalated the frequency, intensities and magnitude of natural disasters not only Odisha but also in the globe. The ecology and the biodiversity are encountering turmoil of faunal biodiversity, structural damages, and losses to societal, fiscal and political status. Over the past few decades, a series of meteorological extremes like earthquakes, Tsunamis, cyclonic storms and high floods have shattered several parts of the earth, which have Fig 1: Penthakata in Puri municipality, the study challenged the existing risk reduction area; source: Puri Municipality, 2018 Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2020 230 http://adalyajournal.com/ ADALYA JOURNAL ISSN NO: 1301-2746 traditions, and management system. Super cyclone (1999), Chobari earth quake, Gujurat (2001), Indian ocean Tsunami (2004), Mahanadi floods (2008 and 2011), Tropical cyclones such as Super cyclone (1999), Phailin (2013), Hudhud (2014), (Titli) 2018 and Fani on 26th April to 3rd May and the Matomo Bulbul (5th to 10th Nov) 2019 are some of the major catastrophes in Mahanadi delta and apocalyptic disasters over the past 20years in Odisha coastal territory. Odisha has been victim to many of such devastating disasters having long- term impacts on slamming coast like Fani. Extremely severe cyclonic storm (ESCS) Fani shattered the golden beaches of Odisha (Puri, Konark and Bhubaneswar) where it slammed south of Puri town on 3rd May with gusting wind speed of 185-213 Km/hr, central eye pressure drop of 50hPa (IMD Report, 2019[1]). The shattering tropical cyclone caused 60 fatalities, and devastated other 13 districts of the state for the whole day in the state giving physical trauma and mental stress. In spite of low storm surges, the cyclonic storm had upset all vegetation’s, installations, dwellings, telecommunication and put Puri and Khurdha district for months together. The most affected communities are the fishermen group of Penthakata area living in slums of Puri town Fig..1. Disaster resilience norms are pre cyclone forecast, preparedness (3days before), cyclone alert and evacuation (which starts 2days earlier), cyclone warning (24hrs at hand) and alertness management processes were ready before land falling of Fani. The actions involved were evacuation, circulation of the post land fall bulletins, necessary assistance like provision of basic inevitabilities such as food , drinking water, safe shelter, a safe infrastructure, Hospital and doctors, and other amenities to face psychological trauma, socioeconomic, social-capability, social capital, managerial and organizational, and cultural factors. Though adequate measures to combat Fani was provided by the statutory federal bodies, district administration, OSDMA, ODRAF, NDRF and NGO’s, the disaster shall put its imprint for long period even not sparin Pucca houses Fig 2. So the study emphasizes on community coping with structural and non-structural safety aspects in the built environment and proposing methodologies to have strategic planning for adaptation of community and natives of the area to combat disasters like Fani. Chakraborty M, 2016[2] found that the fishermen group of Puri are deprived of basic knowledge of their fishing gears and motorised boats, cold storage facilities and educational trainings which lagged them coping modern fishing techniques. Study area: Penthakata a basti area (unplanned residential colony) in the northern outskirt of Puri town with fishermen from Andhra Pradesh were residing temporarily during fishing period of the year in Fig 2: Penthakata , Puri sea beach, after 1950’s. Presently the coastal entity has been Fani, Pucca houses are not even spared. developed to a mini township mainly with hotels and tourism industry surrounding the slums. Later it has turned to a residential area and was converted to a permanent residential colony. Later the colony was converted as Ward No. 26 Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2020 231 http://adalyajournal.com/ ADALYA JOURNAL ISSN NO: 1301-2746 and Ward No 32 by the Puri municipality. The squalid slums in Penthakatha is having dried fish smell, amidst the streams of dirty brown meandering between palm-leaf roofed huts, kutcha, semi kutcha and pucca houses adorned frontage with folk art (Jhotti). According to census 2011, the demography status of the Penthakata area Table 1: Table 1: The demographic status of Penthakata area (Ward No 26 and No 32} Puri. Ward Name of ward No ofTotal Total Total Total SC (mostly No Household male female Population fishermen) 26 Penthakata (A) 1987 10064 5169 4895 2228 32 Penthakata (B) 1060 5259 2689 2570 6 Total Penthakata 3047 15323 7858 7465 2234 Note : Pentha Kata (B) area consists of Sanskrit university, Govt offices and residential cplonies but Bhudan area and some encroached slum areas are thickly populated. Penthakata area in history: The Bengal and Orissa Municipal Act 1892 was in force in Puri w.e.f 1.1.1923, and prior to that Puri municipality was known as an urban local body, where in the Penthakata area was of only sand dunes/ marine creepers and had no residence recorded. The Orissa Municipal Act 1950 was in vogue to an extended Puri w.e.f 1951 without the Penthakata area Fig 3. It is after the independence the area was dominated by fishermen community and now a semi- developed area a congregation of palm leaf thatched (Kudia) or barbed fenced (Jhatimati) and modern hotels and restaurants. The satellite imagery is shown in Fig 4. Fig 3: The old map of Puri Local urban body in 1889 Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2020 232 http://adalyajournal.com/ ADALYA JOURNAL ISSN NO: 1301-2746 iFig 4: The satellite map of slums with RCC structures in Penthakata Objectives: After the cataclysm of the ESCS Fani it became instant need for a coordinated strategic plan for attaining disaster resilience built environment to risqué he victims in a novice .Built up environment plays important role in city building, and helps to maintain sustainable urbanization and safe cities. It is of paramount importance to develop a built environment with an effective degree of resilience to withstand and adapt to the threats of disasters. The present paper aims to explore the challenges in achieving a disaster resilient built environment within cities and disaster prone rural areas and to provide recommendations as to how these challenges could be averted. The Penthakata area, has been employed to support the research arguments which has been harshly affected by Fani and regularly vulnerable to potential waves, storms and erosion. Methodology: The data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with the local and other government and NGO officials, policy makers, industry practitioners and experts who are engaged in the respective areas for the distorted infrastructure/mental trauma/lively hood propective. In addition, expert interviews were conducted who are extensively engaged in disaster management and built environment of related disciplines to validate the case study findings (Mr. Sabyasachi Mahapatra, Vice Chairman, Puri Municipality). The interview data were analysed based on the findings; conclusions are drawn for the challenges associated with confrontation and coping of the extreme severe cyclonic storm Fig 5, Fig 5: The methodology applied in confronting and coping the analysing ESCS FANI Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2020 233 http://adalyajournal.com/ ADALYA JOURNAL ISSN NO: 1301-2746 Disaster resilience and its management has been considered bitch affairs tried to satisfy the deities by ritual customs in past. Advancement of science and modern structural
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