Toxics Dispatch No : 27
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Number 27 December 2005 FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION ONLY Asbestos kills everyone but us IN THIS ISSUE Country after country is banning asbestos because of its confirmed 1 LEADER status as a killer. But the Indian government deems that asbestos L Asbestos kills everyone but us does not harm Indian workers and citizens 2 EDITORIAL n June 29, 2005, a spokesperson in July 2005. There are several other Japa- for Kubota Corporation, an indus- nese companies which have recently dis- 4 FEATURES trial equipment manufacturer based closed asbestos deaths amongst their O L A waste of a technology in Osaka, Japan, confirmed the asbestos workforce. L deaths of scores of former employees. As a result, Japan has wisely banned as- Safe management of sharps waste Kubota executive Taichi Ito told reporters, bestos use in principle, except in cases where “We followed laws and regulations prop- there are no substitutes. Asbestos is, there- 7 UPDATES erly (at that time), but it is extremely regret- fore, still used in gaskets for machinery, in- L ‘Mercury Teams’ to monitor mercury table that the health of local residents was sulating plates on switchboards, seals at usage in Delhi schools harmed.” chemical plants and ropes for industrial use. L The next day, officials at the Health, Responding to the reports, the Japanese Mercury management in the Maldives: Labour and Welfare Ministry of Japan an- Health Ministry plans to completely ban Hithadhoo Hospital takes the lead nounced their intention to look into the la- the use of asbestos by 2008. Japan joins L CMAI holds workshop on legal issues bour conditions that led to these deaths. The countries like Australia, Uruguay, the Eu- of hospital administration news of the death of 86 former employees ropean Union, Honduras and others which L of another company, Nichias Corporation, have banned asbestos. A great beginning for EEJP due to asbestos-related disease since 1976 L Workshop on POPs for South Asia attracted media attention throughout Japan Continued on page 2 NGOs L SWM gets under way at Defence Colony and Gautampuri 10 L News L Events 11 L Profile: Samuha Vikas, Orissa L Resources 12 L Factfile Toxics Dispatch No 27 Continued from page 1 Against this backdrop, the Indian Bureau of Mines (IBM), a Cleaning up our act subordinate office of the Union Ministry of Mines, deems that INDIA’S SIGNING THE STOCKHOLM CONVENTION would asbestos does not harm Indian workers and citizens. In fact, plans are afoot to lift the ban on asbestos mining. imply that we are now joining the global regime for chemicals This is despite the fact that the Union Ministry of Health had safety. Currently, a battery of conventions outlines the informed the Parliament in 2003 that studies by the National In- framework of making our planet safer from toxics. These stitute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, had shown that ex- include the Basel Convention on the Control of Trans-boundary posure to any type of asbestos can lead to the development of as- bestosis, lung cancer and mesothelioma. Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, the White asbestos continues to be used in India; blue and brown Rotterdam or PIC (Prior Informed Consent) Convention on asbestos are banned here. About 1 lakh workers are directly ex- hazardous chemicals which are traded internationally and now posed and 3 crore construction workers are being subjected to as- the Stockholm Convention which deals with the class of bestos dust on a daily basis. Even common citizens are at risk of exposure. chemicals called POPs or Persistent Organic Pollutants. Similarly, there are several regional treaties that prohibit the Indian scenario dumping of hazardous waste into the oceans like the London The Indian Government’s signal to promote asbestos has out- Dumping Convention. raged environmental, labour, consumer and human rights groups in the country. Grants of fresh mining leases and renewal of exist- Over the past 15 years, post the Rio Summit, these ing mining leases for asbestos are currently banned in India on internationally legally binding treaties have outlined some key health grounds but the Union Ministry of Commerce continues to principles, such as the precautionary approach, the concept of import asbestos from countries like Canada. In Canada, there is a producer liability, the idea of using safer alternatives or best no-home-use policy for asbestos. It has lost its case in the World Trade Organisation (WTO) where it argued for continuing the available techniques, information sharing, etc, which have been trade of white asbestos. negotiated hard and long by the international community Unmindful of the fact that poison does not become non-poison- (with the NGOs egging them on!). ous as a result of advertising or public relations campaigns and The world is clearly divided between those with the most dubious scientific studies, the Canadian government has announced its continuing support for the ‘safe and responsible use’ of white industrial interest (countries such as the USA, Canada, Japan asbestos. It renewed its funding to the Montreal-based Asbestos and Australia) and the others who have been the victims, such Institute for the promotion of white asbestos throughout the world. as nations from Africa, Asia, Latin America, etc. It has also earmarked $775,000 for the promotion of asbestos. However, of late, India’s position in these treaties, which Consequently, the asbestos industry in India has flooded national dailies and television channels with sponsored features, advertise- was earlier that of the leader of the developing countries, often ments and studies to promote the ‘safe’ and ‘controlled use’ of banded together as G-77 (and China), has been moving from white asbestos cement. environmental protection to that of trade protection – clearly a reflection of the changing nature of economic development in Status of asbestos in government records In India, the total use of asbestos is 1.25 lakh tonnes, of which the country. Rather than negotiate for a cleaner development more than 1 lakh tonnes is being imported. Significant occupa- process, we have been arguing for a ‘right to development at tional exposure to asbestos occurs mainly in asbestos cement facto- any cost’ and often are reluctant to take progressive stances. ries, the asbestos textile industry and during asbestos mining and With the possible ratification of the POPs Convention in 2006, milling. The National Institute for Occupational Health (NIOH) has carried out studies in all these industries and generated base- it is hoped that India will move towards marrying environmen- line data. A summary of these studies follows. tal focusses with its other agendas and realise that industry Asbestos cement factories can no longer hide under the cloak of unquestioned protection. There are 18 asbestos cement factories located in different parts However, the question is still open, whether our develop- of the country. NIOH carried out environmental epidemiological ment will be ‘clean’, or whether we will continue to throw studies in four asbestos cement factories located in Ahmedabad, all caution to the winds and not learn from the painful lessons Hyderabad, Coimbatore and Mumbai. The prevalence of asbes- tosis in these factories varies from 3 to 5 per cent. of the West. Ravi Agarwal Asbestos textile industry Making of asbestos yarn and ropes is done mostly in the unor- Toxics Dispatch No 27 2 ganised sector of industries with very poor safety measures. The prevalence of asbes- Main uses of asbestos tosis is 9 per cent in these industries. This relatively low prevalence of asbestosis de- M Water pipes or as roofing sheets in the spite high environmental levels is attributed construction industry. to a high labour turnover. Cases of asbesto- M sis were observed in workers having less than Manufacture of pressure and non- 10 years exposure in contrast to the reported pressure pipes used for water supply, average duration of over 20 years. sewage, irrigation and drainage system in Dr Qamar Rahman of the Industrial urban and rural areas Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow, a M body under the Union Ministry of Science Asbestos textiles and Technology, has conducted detailed M Laminated products, tape, gland packing, studies on the illegal mining and milling of packing ropes, brake lining and jointing asbestos in Rajasthan. She has reported that used in core sector industries such as workers in these illegal mines are exposed to very high asbestos fibre concentrations. automobile, heavy equipment, petro- They do not use gloves, masks or any other chemicals, nuclear and thermal power protective clothing. They use a primitive plants, fertilisers, transportation, etc. manual method for grinding. “Clinical stud- ies revealed prevalence of a large number of asbestosis cases. In some cases, asbesto- time when there is a worldwide movement ness and death due to asbestos that is plagu- sis had developed in less than five years. to get asbestos banned with the entire de- ing the developed countries with an esti- Under such alarming conditions, lifting the veloped world having already banned it, it mated 30 deaths per day is being repeated ban on asbestos mining would be a disaster was puzzling to note that the Indian Gov- in India. India is using asbestos in exactly for the workers,” says Dr Rahman. ernment is planning to lift the ban. He the same way as the developed countries did In a survey of UP Asbestos Limited, warned that it would contribute to more until about 1980. The danger from asbes- Mohanlalganj, Lucknow and Allied Nip- cancer and occupational hazards among tos was documented in India as early as pon Pvt Ltd, Ghaziabad (UP), lung func- workers. “We demand that the government 1968. Although there is indisputable evi- tion impairment was found to be higher in should desist from lifting the ban on mining dence that asbestos causes asbestosis, lung subjects exposed for more than 11 years.