DOCSLIB.ORG

Wemyss Caves, Fife, Scotland

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Wemyss Caves, Fife, Scotland Wessex Archaeology Wemyss Caves, Fife, Scotland Archaeological Evaluation and Assessment of Results Ref: 55754.01 March 2005 WEMYSS CAVES, FIFE, SCOTLAND Archaeological Evaluation and Assessment of Results Prepared on behalf of Videotext Communications Ltd 49 Goldhawk Road LONDON SW1 8QP by Wessex Archaeology Portway House Old Sarum Park SALISBURY Wiltshire SP4 6EB Report reference: 55754.01 March 2005 © Wessex Archaeology Limited 2005 all rights reserved Wessex Archaeology Limited is a Registered Charity No. 287786 Contents Summary .............................................................................................................iv Acknowledgements.............................................................................................vi 1 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................7 1.1 Site Background.........................................................................................7 1.2 Geology and Topography ..........................................................................7 1.3 Historical background ...............................................................................8 1.4 Previous Archaeological Investigations ...................................................9 Jonathan’s Cave...........................................................................................9 The Well Cave (Well Cave 1).....................................................................10 The Sliding Cave ........................................................................................10 2 METHODS.........................................................................................................11 2.1 Introduction..............................................................................................11 2.2 Aims and Objectives ................................................................................11 2.3 Research Questions..................................................................................11 Jonathan’s Cave.........................................................................................11 Well Cave ...................................................................................................12 Sliding Cave ...............................................................................................12 Outside the Caves.......................................................................................12 2.4 Survey Aims..............................................................................................12 2.5 Fieldwork Methods..................................................................................12 3 RESULTS...........................................................................................................14 3.1 Introduction..............................................................................................14 3.2 Geophysical Survey..................................................................................14 3.3 Archaeological Evaluation......................................................................15 3.4 Jonathan’s Cave.......................................................................................15 Trench 1 .....................................................................................................15 Trench 2 .....................................................................................................16 Trench 3 .....................................................................................................16 3.5 Well Cave..................................................................................................17 Trench 4 .....................................................................................................17 Trench 5 .....................................................................................................17 3.6 Outside the entrance to Well Cave .........................................................18 Trench 6. (Figure 2)...................................................................................18 Trench 7. ....................................................................................................18 3.7 The Sliding Cave ......................................................................................19 Trench 8 .....................................................................................................19 3.8 Coastal Section.........................................................................................20 Trench 9 .....................................................................................................20 4 FINDS .................................................................................................................20 4.1 Introduction..............................................................................................20 4.2 Pottery.......................................................................................................20 4.3 Clay Pipe...................................................................................................21 4.4 Glass ..........................................................................................................21 4.5 Metalwork.................................................................................................21 4.6 Other Finds...............................................................................................22 4.7 Shell ...........................................................................................................22 i 4.8 Potential and Recommendations for Further Work.............................22 5 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES.....................................................................24 5.1 Introduction..............................................................................................24 5.2 Assessment Results; methods and data..................................................24 Charred Plant Remains..............................................................................24 Charcoal.....................................................................................................25 Land and Marine snails .............................................................................25 Small mammal and fish bones....................................................................25 5.3 Potential ....................................................................................................26 Radiocarbon Dating...................................................................................26 Charred plant remains...............................................................................27 Charcoal.....................................................................................................27 Land and marine snails..............................................................................27 5.4 Proposals...................................................................................................27 Charred plant remains...............................................................................27 Charcoal.....................................................................................................28 5.5 Animal bone..............................................................................................29 Methodology...............................................................................................29 Results ........................................................................................................29 Potential and recommendations.................................................................30 6 DISCUSSION.....................................................................................................33 6.1 Introduction..............................................................................................33 6.2 Geophysics Results...................................................................................33 6.3 Jonathan’s Cave.......................................................................................33 6.4 Well Cave..................................................................................................34 6.5 Trenches outside the Well Cave..............................................................35 6.6 The Sliding Cave ......................................................................................36 6.7 Coastal Section.........................................................................................37 7 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER WORK. .....37 8 THE ARCHIVE.................................................................................................38 REFERENCES............................................................................................................39 APPENDIX 1. SITE CONTEXT SUMMARY.........................................................41 APPENDIX 2: GRAPHICS SUMMARY .................................................................43 APPENDIX 3: PHOTOGRAPHIC SUMMARY.....................................................44 APPENDIX 4. SMALL FINDS BY CONTEXT ......................................................46 APPENDIX 5. ALL FINDS BY CONTEXT. ...........................................................47 ii Tables Table 1: Finds Totals by material type Table 2: Radiocarbon determination for sample 5, context 804 Table 3: Assessment of the charred plant remains and charcoal Table 4: Hand-recovered animal bone. Table 5: Sample-recovered
Load more

Recommended publications
  • East Wemyss and Macduff Community Action Plan 2019 to 2024 Page 01
    EAST WEMYSS AND MACDUFF COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN 2019-2024 East Wemyss and Macduff Community Action Plan 2019-2024 Contents 3 Preface 10 From Our Kids’ Perspective 4 Introduction 11 Theme 1: Facilities And Activities 5 Our Community Now 12 Theme 2: Amenities 6 Our Community Now cont’d 13 Theme 3: Roads And Transport 7 A Shared Vision 14 Theme 4: Environment And Heritage 8 Our Likes / Quotes 15 Early Action / Fife Community Plan 9 Our Dislikes / Quotes 16 Making It Happen 2 East Wemyss and Macduff Community Action Plan 2019-2024 Preface The village of East Wemyss initially grew up around Coal mining was the major industry in the area from at Macduff Castle which is known as the original seat of least as early as the fifteenth century, though the the Wemyss family. Their ancestor Macduff, the famous operation was comparatively small-scale before the Thane of Fife, is said to have erected some sort of twentieth century. Locally, the two most important pits structure ( probably of wood ) on the site back in the were probably the Rosie and the Michael Colliery. eleventh century, although nothing now survives from that date. The disaster in which nine men lost their lives in 1967 finally brought about the closure of the Michael pit. The The oldest remains are thought to date from the rise of the coal industry caused the population of the 12th century when stone became the material of choice village to reach its peak around the time of the 1911 for castle building. The castle shares its scheduled census, but numbers declined along with the coal industry monument listing with the nearby Wemyss Caves which in the latter half of the 20th century.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Risk Register
    Fife Local Resilience Partnership Community Risk Register Contents Introduction 01 Area Prole 03 Potential Risks - Inuenza Type Diseases - Pandemic 05 Potential Risks - Severe Weather 07 Potential Risks - Flooding 09 Potential Risks - Industrial Site Incidents 11 Potential Risks - Transport Disruptions 13 Preparedness 15 Personal Information 16 Find Out More 17 Useful Apps and Social Media 18 // Contributors 19 Fife Local Resilience Partnership / Community Risk Register Community Risk Register / Fife Local Resilience Partnership // Introduction What is a Community Risk Register? Who is this document for? This Community Risk Register highlights risks Whenever an emergency1 occurs, it has the that have the highest likelihood and potential potential to affect you and those around you in to have signicant impact, causing disruption to a number of ways. the Fife area and its communities, as dened in the map on page 02. This document will highlight some of the different ways in which this could happen, This document will: ranging from how it affects you, the individual, to the broader Fife Local Resilience Partnership • Inform you about the highest risks and their (LRP) area. consequences in the Fife area • Provide you with links to organisations and You websites to nd out more How you could be affected in your daily life • Encourage steps that can be taken to become better prepared and more resilient in your home, business and community Your Family While certain risks are mentioned it does not mean that they will denitely occur in the Fife How those close to you could area. be affected It does mean there is a possibility of them happening and this document will provide information about what can be done if any of Your Business them do occur and how you can prepare and What it could mean for your stay informed.
    [Show full text]
  • FIRTH of FORTH SITE of SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC INTEREST Fife, Clackmannanshire, Stirling, Falkirk, West Lothian, City of Edinburgh, East Lothian
    CITATION FIRTH OF FORTH SITE OF SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC INTEREST Fife, Clackmannanshire, Stirling, Falkirk, West Lothian, City of Edinburgh, East Lothian Site code :8163 NATIONAL GRID REFERENCE : NS 851934 to NO 632087 & NT 678792 OS 1:50 000 Sheet NO : Landranger Series 58, 59, 65, 66, 67 1:25 000 Sheet NO : Explorer Series 349, 350, 351, 366, 367, 370, 371 AREA : 7423.19 hectares NOTIFIED NATURAL FEATURES Geological : Stratigraphy : Lower Carboniferous [Dinantian – Namurian part)] : Upper Carboniferous [Namurian (part) - Westphalian] Igneous petrology : Carboniferous – Permian Igneous Mineralogy : Mineralogy of Scotland Palaeontology : Arthropoda (excluding insects & trilobites) : Palaeozoic Palaeobotany : Permian - Carboniferous Fish/Amphibia Quaternary geology : Quaternary of Scotland and geomorphology Geomorphology : Coastal Geomorphology of Scotland Biological : Coastlands : Maritime cliff : Saltmarsh : Sand dunes Intertidal marine habitats and saline : Mudflats lagoons : Saline lagoon Lowland grassland : Lowland neutral grassland Fens : Transition grassland Vascular plants : Vascular plant assemblage Invertebrates : Beetle assemblage Butterflies : Northern brown argus (Aricia artaxerxes) Birds : Red-throated diver (Gavia stellata), non-breeding : Great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus), non-breeding 1 : Slavonian grebe (Podiceps auritus), non-breeding : Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), non-breeding : Pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus), non-breeding : Shelduck (Tadorna tadorna), non-breeding : Mallard (Anas platythynchos), non-breeding
    [Show full text]
  • St Abb's Head to Fife Ness
    Scotland’s centre of expertise for waters Dynamic Coast - National Coastal Change Assessment: Cell 1 - St Abb’s Head to Fife Ness Scotland’s centre of expertise for waters Published by CREW – Scotland’s Centre of Expertise for Waters. CREW connects research and policy, delivering objective and robust research and expert opinion to support the development and implementation of water policy in Scotland. CREW is a partnership between the James Hutton Institute and all Scottish Higher Education Institutes supported by MASTS. The Centre is funded by the Scottish Government. Please reference this report as follows: Hansom, J.D., Fitton, J.M., and Rennie, A.F. (2017) Dynamic Coast - National Coastal Change Assessment: Cell 1 - St Abb’s Head to Fife Ness, CRW2014/2. Dissemination status: Unrestricted All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, modified or stored in a retrieval system without the prior written permission of CREW management. While every effort is made to ensure that the information given here is accurate, no legal responsibility is accepted for any errors, omissions or misleading statements. All statements, views and opinions expressed in this paper are attributable to the author(s) who contribute to the activities of CREW and do not necessarily represent those of the host institutions or funders. National Coastal Change Assessment Steering Committee Scotland’s National Coastal Change Assessment Coastal Change & Vulnerability Assessment Dynamic Coast – Scotland’s National Coastal Change Assessment Executive Summary Cell 1 extends from the English border near St Abb’s Head northwards to Fife Ness including the Firth of Forth. In Cell 1, Mean High Water Springs extends to 452 km which makes up around 2% of the Scottish coastline (excluding tidal inlets).
    [Show full text]
  • Download IF Report Part 1
    ! Fife Council Review of Onshore Wind Energy in Fife Strategic Cumulative Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.2.2 LandscapeCharacter 9 CONTENTS Page No 3.3 LandscapeDesignations 10 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 3.3.1 NationalLandscapeDesignations 10 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 3.3.2 LocalLandscapeDesignations 10 1.1 BackgroundtoCumulativeLandscapeIssues 1 3.4 OtherDesignations 11 1.2 ConsultancyAppointments 1 3.4.1 GreenBelts 11 1.3 NationalandLocalPolicy 2 3.4.2 RegionalPark 11 1.4 LandscapeCapacityandCumulativeImpacts 2 3.4.3 HistoricandCulturalDesignations 11 1.5 LimitationsoftheStudy 2 3.4.4 NatureConservationDesignations 12 2.0 METHODOLOGY FOR CUMULATIVE LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL IMPACT AND CAPACITY ASSESSMENT 3 4.0 VISUAL BASELINE 13 2.1 PurposeofMethodology 3 4.1 VisualReceptors 13 2.2 StudyStages 3 4.2 VisibilityAnalysis 13 2.3 ScopeofAssessment 4 4.2.1 Settlements 13 2.3.1 AreaCovered 4 4.2.2 Routes 13 2.3.2 WindEnergyDevelopmentTypes 4 4.2.3 Viewpoints 14 2.4 LandscapeandVisualBaseline 4 4.2.4 AnalysisofVisibility 14 2.5 DeterminingLandscapeSensitivityandCapacity 4 5.0 WIND TURBINES IN THE STUDY AREA 15 2.6 DefiningLandscapeChangeandCumulativeCapacity 5 5.1 TurbineDistribution 15 2.6.1 CumulativeCapacity 5 5.1.1 OperatingandConsentedWindTurbines 15 2.6.2 DeterminingAcceptableLevelsofChange 6 5.1.2 WindfarmApplications
    [Show full text]
  • Adopted Fifeplan Final Document Reduced Size.Pdf
    PEOPLE ECONOMY PLACE FIFE plan Fife Local Development Plan Adopted Plan Economy, Planning & September 2017 Employability Services Adopted FIFEplan, July 2017 1 Written Statement FIFEplan PEOPLE ECONOMY PLACE Ordnance Survey Copyright Statement The mapping in this document is based upon Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of HMSO. © crown copyright and database right (2017). All rights reserved. Ordnance Survey licence number 100023385. 2 Adopted FIFEplan, July 2017 Alternative languages and formats This document is called the Proposed FIFEplan Local Development Plan. It describes where and how the development will take place in the area over the 12 years from 2014-2026 to meet the future environmental, economic, and social needs, and provides an indication of development beyond this period. To request an alternative format or translation of this information please use the telephone numbers below. The information included in this publication can be made available in any language, large print, Braille, audio CD/tape and British Sign Language interpretation on request by calling 03451 55 55 00. Calls cost 3 to 7p per minute from a UK landline, mobile rates may vary. The informaon included in this publicaon can be made available in any language, large print, Braille, audio CD/tape and Brish Sign Language interpretaon on 7 3 03451 55 55 77 request by calling 03451 55 55 00. Calls cost 3 to 7p per minute from a UK landline, mobile rates may vary. Sa to informacje na temat dzialu uslug mieszkaniowych przy wladzach lokalnych Fife. Aby zamowic tlumaczenie tych informacji, prosimy zadzwonic pod numer 03451 55 55 44.
    [Show full text]
  • Coal Mining Subsidence, Wemyss Villages, Fife
    Coastal Mining Subsidence, Wemyss villages, Fife Integrated Geoscience Surveys (Northern Britain) Internal Report IR/03/060 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY INTERNAL REPORT IR/03/060 Coastal Mining Subsidence, Wemyss villages, Fife W S McLean and M A E Browne The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data are used with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Ordnance Survey licence number GD 272191/2003 Key words Fife; East Wemyss; West Wemyss; Buckhaven; Carboniferous; Coal Measures. Mining; subsidence; strains; calculations; contours; coast; erosion; caves. Front cover Wemyss area of Fife showing protection wall with outsized dolerite boulders on foreshore preventing further coastal erosion. Bibliographical reference MCLEAN, W S., BROWNE, M A E. 2003. Coastal Mining Subsidence, Wemyss villages, Fife. British Geological Survey Internal Report, IR/03/060. 28pp. © NERC 2003 Keyworth, Nottingham British Geological Survey 2003 IR03/060; Version 1.0 Last modified: 05/11/2003 14:00 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The full range of Survey publications is available from the BGS Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG Sales Desks at Nottingham and Edinburgh; see contact details 0115-936 3241 Fax 0115-936 3488 below or shop online at www.thebgs.co.uk e-mail: [email protected] The London Information Office maintains a reference collection www.bgs.ac.uk of BGS publications including maps for consultation. Shop online at: www.thebgs.co.uk The Survey publishes an annual catalogue of its maps and other publications; this catalogue is available from any of the BGS Sales Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA Desks. 0131-667 1000 Fax 0131-668 2683 The British Geological Survey carries out the geological survey of e-mail: [email protected] Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the latter as an agency service for the government of Northern Ireland), and of the London Information Office at the Natural History Museum surrounding continental shelf, as well as its basic research (Earth Galleries), Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London projects.
    [Show full text]
  • Discovery & Excavation in Scotland
    1992 DISCOVERY & EXCAVATION IN SCOTLAND An Annual Survey of Scottish Archaeological Discoveries, Excavation and Fieldwork EDITED BY COLLEEN E BATEY PUBLISHED BY THE COUNCIL FOR SCOTTISH ARCHAEOLOGY ISBN 0901352 11 X ISSN 0419-41IX NOTES FOR CONTRIBUTORS 1 Contributions should be brief statements of work undertaken. 2 Each contribution should be on a separate page, typed or clearly hand-written and double spaced. Surveys should be submitted in summary form. 3 Two copies of each contribution are required, one for editing and one for NMRS. 4 The Editor reserves the right to shorten published contributions. The unabridged copy will be lodged with NMRS. 5 No proofs will be sent to Contributors because of the tight timetable and the cost 6 Illustrations should be forwarded only by agreement with the Editor (and HS, where applicable). Line drawings should be supplied camera ready to suit page layout as in this volume. 7 Enquiries relating to published items should normally be directed to the Contributor, not the Editor. 8 The final date for receipt of contributions each year is 31 October, for publication on the last Saturday of February following. Contributions from current or earlier years may be forwarded at any time. 9 Contributions should be sent to Hon Editor, Discouery & Excavation in Scotland, CSA, c/o National Museums of Scotland, Queen Street, Edinburgh, EH2 1JD. Please use the following format:- REGION DISTRICT Site Name ( parish) Contributor Type of Site/Find NCR (2 letters, 6 figures) Report Sponsor HS, Society, Institution, etc, as appropriate. Name of Contributor: (where more than one, please indicate which name should appear in the list of contributors) Address of main contributor.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of Archaeological Investigations at the Wemyss Caves July 2019
    Report of archaeological investigations at the Wemyss Caves July 2019 Joanna Hambly, the SCAPE Trust, University of St Andrews Section on the Sliding Cave by Gordon Noble, University of Aberdeen Incorporating specialist analysis by Gemma Cruikshanks (iron working residues); Derek Hall (medieval pottery); Catherine Smith (animal bone). Section on Promontory investigations based on text by Ellie Graham, the SCAPE Trust Geophysical sections based on work carried out by Edinburgh Archaeological Field Society. NOVEMBER 2019 Joanna Hambly jh105@st‐andrews.ac.uk 01334 462904 The SCAPE Trust, St Katharine’s Lodge, The Scores, St Andrews KY169AL Contents Summary project information ................................................................................................... 1 Project archaeologists ................................................................................................................ 1 Excavation and Visitor Centre Volunteers ................................................................................. 1 Edinburgh Archaeological Society Geophysics volunteers ........................................................ 1 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... 1 Summary of results .................................................................................................................... 2 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Parish of Wemyss
    THE PARISH OF WEMYSS. delightfully situated estate of Wemyss, or Wemyss- THEshire as it was anciently called, derives its name from the caves which are found on the shore within its bounds, the Celtic for cave being Uamh. The history of the " " parish is practically the history of the Kingdom in- deed the history of the Kingdom of Scotland. The caves or Weems, with their rude sculpturings. take us back to the period of the Roman invasion, perhaps further, while in the history of the Wemyss Family we have, as Sir William Fraser reminds us, one of the longest and purest of Scottish pedigrees, going back for seven centuries. Many members of the family held high office in the State in far- off days, and in the archives of Wemyss Castle there are documents which are of national as well as local interest. From time immemorial coal has been worked in the district, and the documents which have been preserved bearing on the great mining industry for centuries are to many as interesting as the papers which give us glimpses at the politics and the government of other days. The extreme length of the parish from south-west to north-east is about 5| miles, while its breadth varies from 1 to 2 miles. In contradistinction to the sea-beach of Scoonie, the beach is bold and rocky. The parish is bounded on the east by Markinch and Scoonie, on the north by Kennoway and Mark inch, arid on the west by THE PARISH OF WEMYSS. 127 Dysart. The Government census returns only go back to 1801, but according to returns drawn up by Dr Webster there were 3041 souls in the parish in 1755, and here is a fairly accurate return which was compiled for the minister of the parish in 1791 : Families.
    [Show full text]
  • The Soils of the Country Round Fife and Kinross (Sheets 40 – Kinross and Parts of 41 – Elie and 32 – Edinburgh)
    Memoirs of the Soil Survey of Scotland The Soils of the Country round Fife and Kinross (Sheets 40 – Kinross and parts of 41 – Elie and 32 – Edinburgh) By D. Laing (Ed. J.S. Bell) The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen 2016 Contents Chapter Page Preface vi Acknowledgements vi 1. Description of the Area 1 Location and Extent 1 Physical Features 1 Climate 7 2. Geology and Soil Parent Materials 12 Geology 12 Parent Materials 15 3. Soil Formation, Classification and Mapping 25 Soil Formation 25 Soil Classification 29 Soil Mapping 35 4. Soils 36 Introduction 36 Balrownie and Forfar Associations 39 Carpow Association 40 Carpow Series 40 Darleith Association 42 Darleith Series 42 Drumain Series 44 Dunlop Series 46 Cringate Series 47 Baidland Series 47 Amlaird Series 49 Myres Series 51 Pilgrim Complex 53 Skeletal Soils 53 Darvel Association 54 Darvel Series 54 Duncrahill Series 56 Dreghorn Association 58 Dreghorn Series 58 Quivox Series 60 Eckford Association 62 Hexpath Series 62 Kilwhiss Series 64 i Giffordtown Series 66 Woodend Series 68 Fraserburgh Association 70 Fraserburgh Series 70 Giffnock Association 72 Aberdona Series 72 Giffnock Series 74 Scaurs Series 76 Forestmill Series 77 Kennet Series 79 Devilla Series 82 Bath Moor Series 83 Ponesk Series 84 Gleneagles Association 86 Gleneagles Series 86 Hindsward Association 90 Reidston series 90 Hindsward Series 92 Polquhairn Series 93 Dumglow Series 95 Kippen Association 98 Urquhart Series 98 Fourmerk Series 100 Kilgour Series 102 Kippen Series 102 Butterwell Series 104 Redbrae Series 107 Skeletal
    [Show full text]
  • Phillips, J. (2015) the Closure of Michael Colliery in 1967 and the Politics of Deindustrialization in Scotland
    Phillips, J. (2015) The closure of Michael Colliery in 1967 and the politics of deindustrialization in Scotland. Twentieth Century British History, 26(4), pp. 551-572. (doi:10.1093/tcbh/hwu067) This is the author’s final accepted version. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/104495/ Deposited on: 27 March 2015 Enlighten – Research publications by members of the University of Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk 1 Jim Phillips, University of Glasgow The Closure of Michael Colliery in 1967 and the Politics of Deindustrialization in Scotland Twentieth Century British History, 2015, doi: 10.1093/tcbh/hwu067 Abstract Michael Colliery in east Fife was the largest National Coal Board (NCB) unit in Scotland when it closed in 1967, following a disastrous fire which killed nine miners. The NCB, operating within the constraints of the Labour government’s policy framework, decided not to invest in Michael’s recovery, although this would have secured profitable production within five years and access to thirty-plus years of coal reserves. This outcome, which had major local economic implications, demonstrates that deindustrialization is a willed and highly politicized process. The Labour government ignored workforce entreaties to over-ride the NCB’s decision and invest to bring the pit back into production, but made significant localized adjustments to regional policy that within a year attracted a major employer to the area, the Distillers Company Limited. The article relates the closure to moral economy arguments about deindustrialization.
    [Show full text]