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FTI-2 Architecture Architecture White Paper FAA Telecommunications Infrastructure (FTI)-2 Architecture Networks and Telecommunications Community of Interest FTI-2 Working Group Technology, Performance, and Operations Subcommittee Date Released: June 22, 2017 Synopsis This White Paper is a collection of topics and white papers that address strategic technical issues for FTI-2. The Paper examines communications architecture influences – decommissioning of obsolete technology and increased use of more advanced approaches as FTI-2 is executed between 2020 and 2035. The analysis and projections provided here are based on the Technology Adoption Curve Model, the “S” curve, as well as tracking three fundamental and underlying technologies integrated circuits, antennas and fiber optic technology. Software development will not be discussed specifically in this paper. Several methods are proposed to evolve FTI-2 support over the life of the contract. Also included are several stand-alone white papers created specifically for this effort. American Council for Technology-Industry Advisory Council (ACT-IAC) 3040 Williams Drive, Suite 500, Fairfax, VA 22031 www.actiac.org ● (p) (703) 208.4800 (f) ● (703) 208.4805 Advancing Government Through Collaboration, Education and Action Page i Architecture White Paper American Council for Technology-Industry Advisory Council (ACT-IAC) The American Council for Technology (ACT) – Industry Advisory Council (IAC) is a non-profit educational organization established to create a more effective and innovative government. ACT-IAC provides a unique, objective and trusted forum where government and industry executives are working together to improve public services and agency operations through the use of technology. ACT-IAC contributes to better communications between government and industry, collaborative and innovative problem solving and a more professional and qualified workforce. The information, conclusions and recommendations contained in this publication were produced by volunteers from industry and government advisors supporting the objective of more effective and innovative use of technology by federal agencies. ACT-IAC volunteers represent a wide diversity of organizations (public and private) and functions. These volunteers use the ACT-IAC collaborative process, refined over thirty years of experience, to produce outcomes that are consensus-based. The findings and recommendations contained in this report are based on consensus and do not represent the views of any particular individual or organization. To maintain the objectivity and integrity of its collaborative process, ACT-IAC does not accept government funding. ACT-IAC welcomes the participation of all public and private organizations committed to improving the delivery of public services through the effective and efficient use of IT. For additional information, visit the ACT-IAC website at www.actiac.org. The ACT- IAC Networks & Telecommunications (N&T) Community of Interest (COI) The N&T COI mission is to provide clarity, impartial feedback, and points for consideration on networks and telecom issues identified in collaboration with the federal government and industry. The N&T COI provides a forum where government and industry executives are working together on key telecommunication issues such as interoperability, information sharing, communications architectures, wireless technologies, converged internet protocol based services, security, and continuity of service. A working group was established by the N&T COI to facilitate collaboration between government and industry on matters concerning the upcoming FTI-2 effort. American Council for Technology-Industry Advisory Council (ACT-IAC) 3040 Williams Drive, Suite 500, Fairfax, VA 22031 www.actiac.org ● (p) (703) 208.4800 (f) ● (703) 208.4805 Advancing Government Through Collaboration, Education and Action Page ii Architecture White Paper Disclaimer This document has been prepared to contribute to a more effective, efficient and innovative government. The information contained in this report is the result of a collaborative process in which a number of individuals participated. This document does not – nor is it intended to – endorse or recommend any specific technology, product or vendor. Moreover, the views expressed in this document do not necessarily represent the official views of the individuals and organizations that participated in its development. Every effort has been made to present accurate and reliable information in this report. However, ACT-IAC assumes no responsibility for consequences resulting from the use of the information herein. This paper was prepared by ACT-IAC after consultation with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The information and opinions contained herein are those of the ACT- IAC and are not reflection of any planned strategy or approach to FTI-2 by the FAA. Copyright © American Council for Technology, 2017. This document may not be quoted, reproduced and/or distributed unless credit is given to the American Council for Technology- Industry Advisory Council. For further information, contact the American Council for Technology-Industry Advisory Council at (703) 208-4800 or www.actiac.org. American Council for Technology-Industry Advisory Council (ACT-IAC) 3040 Williams Drive, Suite 500, Fairfax, VA 22031 www.actiac.org ● (p) (703) 208.4800 (f) ● (703) 208.4805 Advancing Government Through Collaboration, Education and Action Page iii Architecture White Paper Contents 1. EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 WHITE PAPER FORMAT .................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 STATUS OF IPV6 ADOPTION WITHIN THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT .................................................................................... 3 1.2.1 Sunsetting IPv4 within the United States Government ..................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 Recommendation for IPv6 Adoption within the NAS ........................................................................................ 3 1.3 FAA CHALLENGES AND FOCUS AREAS ................................................................................................................................. 3 2. FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS ..................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 CURRENT NETWORK ARCHITECTURE AND STATUS FAA ........................................................................................................... 5 2.2 SWITCHING AND TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGIES ................................................................................................................... 6 2.2.1 Routing versus Switching .................................................................................................................................. 6 2.2.2 Cell or Frame versus Packet multiplexing ......................................................................................................... 7 2.2.3 PDH/T-carrier Systems ...................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.4 SS#7 - Signaling System Number Seven ............................................................................................................ 9 2.2.5 Integrated Digital Services Network (ISDN) .................................................................................................... 10 2.2.6 DSL .................................................................................................................................................................. 10 2.2.7 ADSL ................................................................................................................................................................ 10 2.2.8 Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) ....................................................................................... 11 2.2.9 Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) .................................................................................................................. 12 2.2.10 SONET ........................................................................................................................................................ 12 2.2.11 Advanced TDM Multiplexing Systems, ATM and Cell Switching ................................................................ 13 2.2.12 Cell Based Switching Systems .................................................................................................................... 15 2.2.13 Multi-Protocol over ATM (MPOA) .............................................................................................................. 16 2.2.14 Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) ...................................................................................................... 17 2.2.15 Photonic Integrated Circuits (PIC) .............................................................................................................. 18 2.2.16 InP PICs Enable High-Efficiency Optical Transceivers ................................................................................. 19 2.2.17 DWDM Super Channels .............................................................................................................................
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