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Multifaceted Roles of Neutrophils in Autoimmune Diseases

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Multifaceted Roles of Neutrophils in Autoimmune Diseases Journal of Immunology Research Multifaceted Roles of Neutrophils in Autoimmune Diseases Lead Guest Editor: Yi Zhao Guest Editors: Tony N. Marion and Qian Wang Multifaceted Roles of Neutrophils in Autoimmune Diseases Journal of Immunology Research Multifaceted Roles of Neutrophils in Autoimmune Diseases Lead Guest Editor: Yi Zhao Guest Editors: Tony N. Marion and Qian Wang Copyright © 2019 Hindawi. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “Journal of Immunology Research.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Board B. D. Akanmori, Congo Douglas C. Hooper, USA Isabella Quinti, Italy Jagadeesh Bayry, France Eung-Jun Im, USA Eirini Rigopoulou, Greece Kurt Blaser, Switzerland Hidetoshi Inoko, Japan Ilaria Roato, Italy Eduardo F. Borba, Brazil Juraj Ivanyi, UK Luigina Romani, Italy Federico Bussolino, Italy Ravirajsinh N. Jadeja, USA Aurelia Rughetti, Italy Nitya G. Chakraborty, USA Peirong Jiao, China Francesca Santilli, Italy Cinzia Ciccacci, Italy Taro Kawai, Japan Takami Sato, USA Robert B. Clark, USA Alexandre Keller, Brazil Senthamil R. Selvan, USA Mario Clerici, Italy Hiroshi Kiyono, Japan Naohiro Seo, Japan Nathalie Cools, Belgium Bogdan Kolarz, Poland Benoit Stijlemans, Belgium M. Victoria Delpino, Argentina Herbert K. Lyerly, USA Jacek Tabarkiewicz, Poland Nejat K. Egilmez, USA Mahboobeh Mahdavinia, USA Mizue Terai, USA Eyad Elkord, UK Giuliano Marchetti, Italy Ban-Hock Toh, Australia Steven E. Finkelstein, USA Eiji Matsuura, Japan Joseph F. Urban, USA Maria Cristina Gagliardi, Italy Chikao Morimoto, Japan Paulina Wlasiuk, Poland Luca Gattinoni, USA Hiroshi Nakajima, Japan Baohui Xu, USA Alvaro González, Spain Paola Nistico, Italy Xiao-Feng Yang, USA Theresa Hautz, Austria Enrique Ortega, Mexico Qiang Zhang, USA Martin Holland, UK Patrice Petit, France Contents Multifaceted Roles of Neutrophils in Autoimmune Diseases Yi Zhao ,TonyN.Marion ,andQianWang Editorial (2 pages), Article ID 7896738, Volume 2019 (2019) Insight into Neutrophil Extracellular Traps through Systematic Evaluation of Citrullination and Peptidylarginine Deiminases Caitlyn L. Holmes, Daeun Shim, John Kernien, Chad J. Johnson, Jeniel E. Nett, and Miriam A. Shelef Research Article (11 pages), Article ID 2160192, Volume 2019 (2019) Different Faces for Different Places: Heterogeneity of Neutrophil Phenotype and Function Peiqing Yang , Yanhong Li, Yan Xie, and Yi Liu Review Article (18 pages), Article ID 8016254, Volume 2019 (2019) Nanomaterial Exposure Induced Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: A New Target in Inflammation and Innate Immunity Hang Yang ,TonyN.Marion,YiLiu ,LingshuZhang,XueCao,HuifangHu,YiZhao , and Martin Herrmann Review Article (8 pages), Article ID 3560180, Volume 2019 (2019) Effect of CXCR2 Inhibition on Behavioral Outcomes and Pathology in Rat Model of Neuromyelitis Optica Melina V. Jones and Michael Levy Research Article (10 pages), Article ID 9034695, Volume 2018 (2019) Neutrophil Function in an Inflammatory Milieu of Rheumatoid Arthritis Weiqian Chen, Qin Wang, Yini Ke, and Jin Lin Review Article (12 pages), Article ID 8549329, Volume 2018 (2019) A Granulocyte-Specific Protein S100A12 as a Potential Prognostic Factor Affecting Aggressiveness of Therapy in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Krzysztof Orczyk and Elzbieta Smolewska Research Article (7 pages), Article ID 5349837, Volume 2018 (2019) Hindawi Journal of Immunology Research Volume 2019, Article ID 7896738, 2 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7896738 Editorial Multifaceted Roles of Neutrophils in Autoimmune Diseases Yi Zhao ,1 Tony N. Marion ,1,2 and Qian Wang3 1Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China 2Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA 3Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China Correspondence should be addressed to Yi Zhao; [email protected] Received 12 February 2019; Accepted 12 February 2019; Published 20 March 2019 Copyright © 2019 Yi Zhao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Neutrophils, also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes, The multifaceted role of neutrophils refers not only to how are the most abundant type of granulocytes. As the most neutrophils contribute to pathogenesis in autoimmune disor- abundant type of white blood cells in most mammals, neu- ders but also to how their functions are essential for the elim- trophils are an essential barrier for host defense. Impaired ination of pathogens and sterile stimuli, such as nanoparticles, development, maturation and function and death of neutro- in health or disease conditions. In this regard, P. Yang et al. phils lead to abnormal conditions in the immune system, have reviewed the heterogeneous phenotypes and functions which can initiate autoimmune disorders. In response to of neutrophils and discussed their flexibility and elasticity infection or injury, neutrophils are recruited by chemokines and their presentation of “different faces” in response to vari- and cytokines to areas of pathogen exposure and/or tissue ous disease states including autoimmunity and autoinflamma- damage where pathogen-associated molecular patterns tion as well as cancer. H. Yang et al. have reviewed how (PAMPs) and/or damage-associated molecular patterns neutrophils engage and respond to different types of nanopar- (DAMPs), respectively, engage and stimulate the infiltrating ticles. This topic is timely and germane to recent research and neutrophils. Neutrophils acquire distinct and different phe- development of nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles, each notypic functions in response to stimulation that may with varying potential to initiate sterile inflammation. include phagocytosis, degranulation, ROS production, and Depending upon structure and size, nanoparticles can easily release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to impede penetrate extracellular matrix barriers and engage the innate pathogens or clear sterile inflammatory stimuli. immune system. This review also summarizes NETs forma- In recent years, neutrophils have emerged as players in the tion induced by various types of nanoparticles, for example, pathogenesis of various systemic autoimmune diseases and gold, silver, polystyrene, and nanodiamond. The authors also autoinflammatory syndromes, such as adult-onset Still’s provide insight about how NETosis triggered by different disease (AOSD) driven by innate immunity and rheumatoid nanoparticles may facilitate initiation and resolution of arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and inflammatory responses. ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) driven by adaptive immu- RA is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease nity. The precise role of neutrophils in inflammatory autoim- characterized by autoantibodies and systemic inflammation mune disease is generally poorly understood. Research manifested as chronic synovitis, bone erosion, and articular advances in neutrophil biology and elucidation of the role of deformity. The presence of autoantibodies against citrulli- neutrophils in systemic autoimmune disease will hopefully nated protein antigens is thought to be a major cause of dis- not only better define how neutrophils contribute to autoim- ease. It has been speculated that citrullinated proteins in RA mune disease but also identify potential novel therapeutic tar- were generated from neutrophils during NETosis. C. L. gets for treatment of inflammation and autoimmune disease. Holmes et al. determined that depending upon the stimulus, 2 Journal of Immunology Research human or mouse neutrophils produced citrullinated, uncitrul- linated, or mixed citrullinated and uncitrullinated NETs in vitro. Interestingly, monosodium urate (MSU) crystals and Candida albicans induced mostly citrullinated NETs in human-isolated neutrophils. In addition, PAD4 but not PAD2 was indispensable for citrullinated proteins in NETs. W. Chen et al. reviewed neutrophil functions in RA by discussing updated concepts and regulators of neutrophil migration in RA inflammatory conditions. As a supposed ini- tiating factor of RA, potential role of NETosis in autoantibody production was also reviewed as decision-making for thera- peutic strategies for RA. Evidence indicates that neutrophil infiltration is involved in the pathophysiology of various autoimmune diseases. Inhibition of neutrophil migration may be essential as a tar- get for treatment of autoimmune disorders. M. V. Jones and M. Levy identified a CXCR2 antagonist as a potential inhib- itor of neutrophil migration in neuromyelitis optica animal models. The potential for CXCR2 inhibitors to reduce inflammation in experimental animal models, including for neuromyelitis optica, merits further investigation. K. Orczyk and E. Smolewska tested S100A12 levels in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and defined S100A12 as a potential diagnostic biomarker and prognostic indicator for juvenile idiopathic arthritis. A consequence of immune evolution, especially for innate immune function, has been a selective emphasis for speed in recognizing and responding to potential
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