LARGE SCALE DELIMITATION METHOD FOR HYPERDIVERSE GROUPS

Nicolas Puillandre Guillaume Achaz, Sarah Samadi

[email protected] [email protected] Barcode Species hypotheses database ?

… Species delimitation: the easy way

Lophiotoma acuta

Lophiotoma jickelli

Turris garnonsii

Turridrupa bijubata

Gemmula unilineata

Gemmula bianca n. sp.

Most species already known, characters and criteria congruent

intra-interspecific limit deduced from the other species Problem I : "The grey zone"

"Species concepts"

de Queiroz 2007

 The characters do not differenciate at the same rythm

 All the criteria will not lead to the same species hypotheses

Species = hypotheses validated or rejected with the addition of new data: Criteria: Similarity, Biological (direct and indirect), Phylogenetic Characters: DNA, Morphology, Ecology, Geography… Methods: Cross tests, Morphospecies, Trees/networks, Genetic structure, Distances Problem II: Hyperdiverse and largely unknown groups

Conoidea Scratching Convulsions, death Hyperactivity Hypersensitivity Depression, paralysis Rollings Tremor Chill, death

4,000 described species, probably more than 15,000 Problem II: Hyperdiverse and largely unknown groups

Lophiotoma acuta

Turris garnonsii Problem III: The shell

 Convergence

 Phenotypic plasticity

cranaos punicea

neocaledonica badifasciata

episoma solomonensis

X. legitima I. cingulifera I. devoizei I. musivum consors netrion

tippetti stenos

paratractoides atractoides

Kantor et al. 2008 Zool. Sc. Puillandre et al. 2010 Syst. & Biodiv.  Problem I: "The grey zone"  Problem II: Hyperdiverse and largely unknown groups  Problem III: The shell

How to propose species hypotheses in this context?

DNA sequences Exploratory method (without a priori hypotheses) A new method based only on DNA sequences:

ABGD, Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery

ABGD

0.08 0.09 0.03

0.12 0.05 0.05

x Nb. Nb. ofspecimen pairs Genetic distances

Rank i

? x

Derivative (x) Derivative

Rank ix

Puillandre et al 2011 Mol. Ecol. ABGD # of groups Prior threshold p

Estimated θ

Look for "next peak" p Recursive approach Posterior threshold P

http://wwwabi.snv.jussieu.fr/public/abgd N groups

θ

Final partition Derivative (x) Derivative

Rank ix p P Puillandre et al 2011 Mol. Ecol. Application to the

Taïwan (1 specimen)

Philippines (281)

Solomon (54)

Vanuatu (600) Chesterfield (32)

Norfolk (32)

 Sequencing of the COI gene (Barcode fragment)  Analysis with ABGD and GMYC (Pons et al. 2006) 87 SSH 85-103 PSH

ABGD GMYC Phylogeny COI Phylogeny 28S Genetic structure Bathymetry Locality Morphology

PSH = Primary Species Hypotheses SSH = Secondary Species Hypotheses INTEGRATIVE Application to the Turridae Conclusion

ABGD, for hyperdiverse and unknown groups: easy, fast and reproducible

Recursive approach to take into account variation in evolutionary rates

But…

 Problems in the grey zone: overlap coalescent/speciation

 Several a priori thresholds can lead to several species partitions

INTEGRATIVE TAXONOMY:

Need to turn Primary Species Hypotheses into Secondary Species Hypotheses Acknowledgments

Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris Sarah Samadi Marie-Catherine-Boisselier Université Paris 6 Philippe Bouchet Guillaume Achaz Annie Tillier Sophie Brouillet Celine Bonillo Amaury Lambert Josie Lambourdière Magalie Castelin Yuri Kantor

Atheris Laboratories, Geneva Reto Stöcklin City University of New-York Philippe Favreau Mandë Holford Maria-Vittoria Modica