LARGE SCALE SPECIES DELIMITATION METHOD FOR HYPERDIVERSE GROUPS
Nicolas Puillandre Guillaume Achaz, Sarah Samadi
[email protected] [email protected] Barcode Species hypotheses database ?
… Species delimitation: the easy way
Lophiotoma acuta
Lophiotoma jickelli
Turris garnonsii
Turridrupa bijubata
Gemmula unilineata
Gemmula bianca n. sp.
Most species already known, characters and criteria congruent
intra-interspecific limit deduced from the other species Problem I : "The grey zone"
"Species concepts"
de Queiroz 2007
The characters do not differenciate at the same rythm
All the criteria will not lead to the same species hypotheses
Species = hypotheses validated or rejected with the addition of new data: Criteria: Similarity, Biological (direct and indirect), Phylogenetic Characters: DNA, Morphology, Ecology, Geography… Methods: Cross tests, Morphospecies, Trees/networks, Genetic structure, Distances Problem II: Hyperdiverse and largely unknown groups
Conoidea Scratching Convulsions, death Hyperactivity Hypersensitivity Depression, paralysis Rollings Tremor Chill, death
4,000 described species, probably more than 15,000 Problem II: Hyperdiverse and largely unknown groups
Lophiotoma acuta
Turris garnonsii Problem III: The shell
Convergence
Phenotypic plasticity
cranaos punicea
neocaledonica badifasciata
episoma solomonensis
X. legitima I. cingulifera I. devoizei I. musivum consors netrion
tippetti stenos
paratractoides atractoides
Kantor et al. 2008 Zool. Sc. Puillandre et al. 2010 Syst. & Biodiv. Problem I: "The grey zone" Problem II: Hyperdiverse and largely unknown groups Problem III: The shell
How to propose species hypotheses in this context?
DNA sequences Exploratory method (without a priori hypotheses) A new method based only on DNA sequences:
ABGD, Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery
ABGD
0.08 0.09 0.03
0.12 0.05 0.05
x Nb. Nb. ofspecimen pairs Genetic distances
Rank i
? x
Derivative (x) Derivative
Rank ix
Puillandre et al 2011 Mol. Ecol. ABGD # of groups Prior threshold p
Estimated θ
Look for "next peak" p Recursive approach Posterior threshold P
http://wwwabi.snv.jussieu.fr/public/abgd N groups
θ
Final partition Derivative (x) Derivative
Rank ix p P Puillandre et al 2011 Mol. Ecol. Application to the Turridae
Taïwan (1 specimen)
Philippines (281)
Solomon (54)
Vanuatu (600) Chesterfield (32)
Norfolk (32)
Sequencing of the COI gene (Barcode fragment) Analysis with ABGD and GMYC (Pons et al. 2006) 87 SSH 85-103 PSH
ABGD GMYC Phylogeny COI Phylogeny 28S Genetic structure Bathymetry Locality Morphology
PSH = Primary Species Hypotheses SSH = Secondary Species Hypotheses INTEGRATIVE TAXONOMY Application to the Turridae Conclusion
ABGD, for hyperdiverse and unknown groups: easy, fast and reproducible
Recursive approach to take into account variation in evolutionary rates
But…
Problems in the grey zone: overlap coalescent/speciation
Several a priori thresholds can lead to several species partitions
INTEGRATIVE TAXONOMY:
Need to turn Primary Species Hypotheses into Secondary Species Hypotheses Acknowledgments
Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris Sarah Samadi Marie-Catherine-Boisselier Université Paris 6 Philippe Bouchet Guillaume Achaz Annie Tillier Sophie Brouillet Celine Bonillo Amaury Lambert Josie Lambourdière Magalie Castelin Yuri Kantor
Atheris Laboratories, Geneva Reto Stöcklin City University of New-York Philippe Favreau Mandë Holford Maria-Vittoria Modica