DOCSLIB.ORG

Evolutionary Patterns and Consequences of Developmental Mode in Cenozoic Gastropods from Southeastern Australia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evolutionary Patterns and Consequences of Developmental Mode in Cenozoic Gastropods from Southeastern Australia Evolutionary patterns and consequences of developmental mode in Cenozoic gastropods from southeastern Australia Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Liverpool for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy by Kirstie Rae Thomson September 2013 ABSTRACT Gastropods, like many other marine invertebrates undergo a two-stage life cycle. As the adult body plan results in narrow environmental tolerances and restricted mobility, the optimum opportunity for dispersal occurs during the initial larval phase. Dispersal is considered to be a major influence on the evolutionary trends of different larval strategies. Three larval strategies are recognised in this research: planktotrophy, lecithotrophy and direct development. Planktotrophic larvae are able to feed and swim in the plankton resulting in the greatest dispersal potential. Lecithotrophic larvae have a reduced planktic period and are considered to have more restricted dispersal. The planktic period is absent in direct developing larvae and therefore dispersal potential in these taxa is extremely limited. Each of these larval strategies can be confidently inferred from the shells of fossil gastropods and the evolutionary trends associated with modes of development can be examined using both phylogenetic and non-phylogenetic techniques. This research uses Cenozoic gastropods from southeastern Australia to examine evolutionary trends associated with larval mode. To ensure the species used in analyses are distinct and correctly assigned, a taxonomic review of the six families included in this study was undertaken. The families included in this study were the Volutidae, Nassariidae, Raphitomidae, Borsoniidae, Mangeliidae and Turridae. Phylogenetic analyses were used to examine the relationships between taxa and to determine the order and timing of changes in larval mode throughout the Cenozoic. Traditionally, planktotrophy has been considered the ancestral mode of development. However, using maximum parsimony and maximum-likelihood analysis, this research suggests that the ancestral developmental mode cannot be confidently determined in gastropods from southeastern Australia. Similarly, evidence that transitions between larval strategies might be reversible contradicts the general view that regaining the specialised structures associated with planktotrophy is so difficult that it is considered extremely unlikely to occur. When the timing of switches in larval mode was examined they were found to be scattered at different points in time rather than clustered to specific periods and therefore no inference can be made as to the likely factors driving transitions between larval modes. The correlation between mode of development and macroevolutionary trends was examined using non-phylogenetic techniques. The results do not concur with the hypothesis that species with planktotrophic larvae will exhibit wider geographic ranges, longer species durations and lower speciation rates then lecithotrophic or direct developing taxa. The iii analyses are thought to be hindered by a strong preservation bias and gaps within the fossil record. The quality of the fossil record and the congruence between phylogenies and stratigraphy is examined using the Stratigraphic Consistency Index, the Relative Completeness Index and the Gap Excess Ratio. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS So many people have offered their support and guidance over the last four years and I hope that those people I have not had the chance to mention here know how incredibly grateful I am. Firstly, I thank my primary supervisor, Charlotte, for all her help, advice and encouragement. She has always provided me with guidance and reassurance when I needed it most and I simply couldn’t have finished this thesis without her. It has been great fun working with you Charlotte, and I will miss our meetings enormously! I would also like to thank my secondary supervisor, Jim, for always making time for me and for sharing his expertise. Thanks also go to the following people who made me so welcome during my visits to their institutions and who allowed me access to such wonderful collections: Mary-Anne Binnie and Ben McHenry at the South Australian Museum in Adelaide; Tom Darragh, Rolf Schmidt and David Holloway at the Museum Victoria in Melbourne; and Jon Todd, Consuelo Sendino and Martin Munt at the Natural History Museum, London. I am also very grateful to Chris Ah Yee and Janice Krause for arranging visits to less accessible or lesser known localities and for making my stay in Hamilton such a pleasant one and to Chris Goudey for allowing me to join him in the field and for showing me his truly amazing fossil collection, which was so very inspiring. My time in Liverpool has been so much fun and that is all due to the wonderful staff and students. Thank you in particular to Tash, Paddy, Johnald, Jutley, Vickee and Gemma – you are all so amazing and the last four years wouldn’t have been nearly so good without you. A very special thank you goes to my former office-mate, Lis, who has been such an incredibly good friend to me. Coffee and yumyums will forever bring you to mind! A massive thank you goes to Gem who has supported me in so many ways over the last four years and whose friendship has reduced the likelihood of total insanity considerably. A massive thank you also goes to my friends from elsewhere and in particular to Rachael, Bekah and Ellie. Thanks for always being there for me and for your endless support. To my friends in Adelaide and Melbourne, thank you for making long visits so far away from home so much fun and thank you for all your hospitality. v My family have been so supportive over the last four years and I am so grateful for their unconditional love and their endless guidance. To my brother, Iain, thank you for being the best brother in the world! To Fiona, who is more like a sister than a cousin, I cannot thank you enough for all your support and to my Aunty Jaki, thank you for always believing in me. To Ed, I cannot thank you enough for all you have done for me throughout this journey. You have put up with a lot of crazy and you have made sure that when I come home every night it is normal and calm. That means so much to me. Thank you for all your love and support and your constant faith in me. I hope I can repay the favour one day. Finally, I would like to thank my parents. Mum and Dad, you are a constant source of inspiration to work hard, take (calculated) risks and to grab every opportunity that comes my way. Thank you for always encouraging me to attempt something new, for showing me the world and for all your love and support. Your belief in me and my abilities has kept me going even during the toughest moments. Thank you for everything. vi CONTENTS ABSTRACT iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v LIST OF FIGURES xi LIST OF TABLES xv LIST OF PLATES xviii CHAPTER 1: 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 LARVAL STRATEGIES 2 1.1.1 PLANKTOTROPHY 3 1.1.2 NONPLANKTOTROPHY 4 1.1.3 CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES 6 1.2 MACROEVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES OF LARVAL STRATEGIES 9 1.2.1 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION 9 1.2.2 SPECIES LONGEVITY 12 1.2.3 SPECIATION RATES 14 1.3 EVOLUTION OF LARVAL MODE 17 1.4 FACTORS DRIVING SWITCHES IN LARVAL STRATEGY 22 1.5 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 25 CHAPTER 2: 2 GEOLOGICAL SETTING 29 2.1 SOUTH AUSTRALIA 31 2.1.1 ST VINCENT BASIN 31 2.1.2 MURRAY BASIN 36 2.2 VICTORIA 41 2.2.1 OTWAY BASIN 41 2.2.2 TORQUAY BASIN 50 2.2.3 PORT PHILLIP BASIN 53 2.2.4 GIPPSLAND BASIN 56 2.3 STRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION 59 2.4 OTHER FORMATIONS 59 vii CHAPTER 3: 3 TAXONOMY OF CENOZOIC GASTROPODS FROM SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA 63 3.1 FAMILY VOLUTIDAE 65 3.1.1 SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY 66 3.2 FAMILY NASSARIIDAE 142 3.2.1 SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY 143 3.3 FAMILY RAPHITOMIDAE 158 3.3.1 SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY 158 3.4 FAMILY BORSONIIDAE 165 3.4.1 SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY 165 3.5 FAMILY MANGELIIDAE 184 3.5.1 SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY 184 3.6 FAMILY TURRIDAE 194 3.6.1 SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY 195 CHAPTER 4: 4 PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES OF CENOZOIC GASTROPODS FROM SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA 207 4.1 METHODS 209 4.2 FAMILY VOLUTIDAE 211 4.2.1 SUBFAMILY ATHLETINAE 211 4.2.2 SUBFAMILY VOLUTINAE 214 4.2.3 SUBFAMILY AMORIINAE 216 4.2.4 SUBFAMILY ZIDONINAE 218 4.2.5 FAMILY VOLUTIDAE COMPOSITE TREE 220 4.3 FAMILY NASSARIIDAE 224 4.4 FAMILY RAPHITOMIDAE 227 4.5 FAMILY BORSONIIDAE 228 4.6 FAMILY MANGELIIDAE 230 4.7 FAMILY TURRIDAE 232 4.8 SUPERFAMILY CONOIDEA 234 4.9 NEOGASTROPOD COMPOSITE TREE 239 viii CHAPTER 5: 5 ORDER AND TIMING OF SWITCHES IN LARVAL MODE 243 5.1 INFERRING LARVAL MODE FROM FOSSIL GASTROPODS 244 5.2 RECONSTRUCTION OF ANCESTRAL DEVELOPMENTAL MODE 254 5.2.1 MAXIMUM PARSIMONY ANALYSIS 254 5.2.2 MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD ANALYSIS 261 5.3 NUMBER AND ORDER OF CHANGES IN DEVELOPMENTAL MODE 265 5.3.1 MAXIMUM PARSIMONY ANALYSIS 265 5.3.2 MAXIMUM PARSIMONY SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS 268 5.3.3 MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD ANALYSIS 270 5.4 CONGRUENCE OF PHYLOGENY AND STRATIGRAPHY 270 5.5 TIMING OF CHANGES IN DEVELOPMENTAL MODE 276 CHAPTER 6: 6 MACROEVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES OF LARVAL STRATEGIES 279 6.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 282 6.1.1 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION 282 6.1.2 SPECIES LONGEVITY 283 6.1.3 SPECIATION RATES 283 6.1.4 SPECIATION EVENTS 283 6.1.5 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 284 6.2 RESULTS 285 6.2.1 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION 285 6.2.2 SPECIES LONGEVITY 289 6.2.3 SPECIATION RATES 292 6.2.4 SPECIATION EVENTS 296 6.3 SUMMARY 303 CHAPTER 7: 7 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 305 7.1 TAXONOMY 305 7.2 PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES 307 7.3 ORDER AND TIMING OF CHANGES IN LARVAL MODE 308 7.4 MACROEVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES OF LARVAL STRATEGIES 310 ix REFERENCES 313 APPENDIX 1 – LOCALITY DATA 355 APPENDIX 2 – TIME SCALE 393 APPENDIX 3 – SPECIES DATA 397 x LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Idealised metazoan life cycle.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture in Chile
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319999645 Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture in Chile Chapter · September 2017 DOI: 10.1002/9781119154051.ch10 CITATIONS READS 0 332 28 authors, including: Nelson A Lagos Ricardo Norambuena University Santo Tomás (Chile) University of Concepción 65 PUBLICATIONS 1,052 CITATIONS 13 PUBLICATIONS 252 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Claudio Silva Marco A Lardies Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez 54 PUBLICATIONS 432 CITATIONS 70 PUBLICATIONS 1,581 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Irish moss - green crab interactions View project Influence of environment on fish stock assessment View project All content following this page was uploaded by Pedro A. Quijón on 11 November 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. 239 10 Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture in Chile Eleuterio Yáñez1, Nelson A. Lagos2,13, Ricardo Norambuena3, Claudio Silva1, Jaime Letelier4, Karl-Peter Muck5, Gustavo San Martin6, Samanta Benítez2,13, Bernardo R. Broitman7,13, Heraldo Contreras8, Cristian Duarte9,13, Stefan Gelcich10,13, Fabio A. Labra2, Marco A. Lardies11,13, Patricio H. Manríquez7, Pedro A. Quijón12, Laura Ramajo2,11, Exequiel González1, Renato Molina14, Allan Gómez1, Luis Soto15, Aldo Montecino16, María Ángela Barbieri17, Francisco Plaza18, Felipe Sánchez18,
    [Show full text]
  • PRO NATURA NOVARA ONLUS GRUPPO MALACOLOGICO NOVARESE (Gianfranco Vischi)
    PRO NATURA NOVARA ONLUS GRUPPO MALACOLOGICO NOVARESE (Gianfranco Vischi) ([email protected]) n. 23 agosto 2015 La UMBILIA Armeniaca di R. Paolo Cesana Nella vasta famiglia delle Cypree, spiccano tra le ''medio-grandi'' forme australiane, quelle appartenenti alla ''tribù'' delle umbiliinae; consideriamo quindi il genere Umbilia armeniaca con le sue forme e/o sottospeci. La Umbilia armeniaca armeniaca (Verco, J. C. 1912) è la specie base, che vive sui fondali molli, in prevalenza tra le alghe, in acque profonde, sempre al di sotto dei 25 m. E' specie del sud e sud-vest dell'Australia, che va da Perth ad Adelaide. L'animale ha, sembra, una dieta mista, un po’ detritivora (detriti e residui) e un po’ spongivora. La sua conchiglia è simile a quella della sua cugina hesitata, ma più enflata e leggera, con la parte anteriore meno ''affusolata''. La fossula è più marcata, poco depressa; la dentatura è poco evidente e assente verso la estremità posteriore sul lato columellare, ben marcata invece nella parte anteriore; l'apertura è molto curvata verso l'estremità posteriore. La colorazione varia dal raro bianco al rosa salmone (tipico) con lievi maculature dorsali e sui lati, la base è sul beige-rosato o aranciato con un'rea più colorata dal lato columellare. La conchiglia ha una misura che varia tra i 65 e i 120 mm. circa. Passiamo ora alle poche sottospeci o ''forme'' che per le lievi differenze che si possono riscontrare fra loro, farò una breve carrellata di esse; - la Umbilia armeniaca westralica (Raibaudi Massilia, 1980) globosa, ha forma e caratteristica simile alle altre armeniache, la colorazione lucida varia dal bianco-giallastro al salmone rosato, al bruno, con sparse maculazioni varie sul dorso e i lati; come dice il suo nome, vive a sud ovest dell'Australia, la conchiglia è lunga circa 70 - 100 mm.
    [Show full text]
  • Auckland Shell Club Auction Lot List - 22 October 2016 Albany Hall
    Auckland Shell Club Auction Lot List - 22 October 2016 Albany Hall. Setup from 9am. Viewing from 10am. Auction starts at 12am Lot Type Reserve 1 WW Helmet medium size ex Philippines (John Hood Alexander) 2 WW Helmet medium size ex Philippines (John Hood Alexander) 3 WW Helmet really large ex Philippines, JHA 4 WW Tridacna (small) embedded in coral ex Tonga 1963 5 WW Lambis truncata sebae ex Tonga 1979 6 WW Charonia tritonis - whopper 45cm. No operc. Tongatapu 1979 7 WW Cowries - tray of 70 lots 8 WW All sorts but lots of Solemyidae 9 WW Bivalves 25 priced lots 10 WW Mixed - 50 lots 11 WW Cowries tray of 119 lots - some duplication but includes some scarcer inc. draconis from the Galapagos, scurra from Somalia, chinensis from the Solomons 12 WW Univalves tray of 50 13 WW Univalves tray of 57 with nice Fasciolaridae 14 WW Murex - (8) Chicoreus palmarosae, Pternotus bednallii, P. Acanthopterus, Ceratostoma falliarum, Siratus superbus, Naquetia annandalei, Murex nutalli and Hamalocantha zamboi 15 WW Bivalves - tray of 50 16 WW Bivalves - tray of 50 17 Book The New Zealand Sea Shore by Morton and Miller - fair condition 18 Book Australian Shells by Wilson and Gillett excellent condition apart from some fading on slipcase 19 Book Shells of the Western Pacific in Colour by Kira (Vol.1) and Habe (Vol 2) - good condition 20 Book 3 on Pectens, Spondylus and Bivalves - 2 ex Conchology Section 21 WW Haliotis vafescous - California 22 WW Haliotis cracherodi & laevigata - California & Aus 23 WW Amustum bellotia & pleuronecles - Queensland 24 WW Haliotis
    [Show full text]
  • Phylum MOLLUSCA Chitons, Bivalves, Sea Snails, Sea Slugs, Octopus, Squid, Tusk Shell
    Phylum MOLLUSCA Chitons, bivalves, sea snails, sea slugs, octopus, squid, tusk shell Bruce Marshall, Steve O’Shea with additional input for squid from Neil Bagley, Peter McMillan, Reyn Naylor, Darren Stevens, Di Tracey Phylum Aplacophora In New Zealand, these are worm-like molluscs found in sandy mud. There is no shell. The tiny MOLLUSCA solenogasters have bristle-like spicules over Chitons, bivalves, sea snails, sea almost the whole body, a groove on the underside of the body, and no gills. The more worm-like slugs, octopus, squid, tusk shells caudofoveates have a groove and fewer spicules but have gills. There are 10 species, 8 undescribed. The mollusca is the second most speciose animal Bivalvia phylum in the sea after Arthropoda. The phylum Clams, mussels, oysters, scallops, etc. The shell is name is taken from the Latin (molluscus, soft), in two halves (valves) connected by a ligament and referring to the soft bodies of these creatures, but hinge and anterior and posterior adductor muscles. most species have some kind of protective shell Gills are well-developed and there is no radula. and hence are called shellfish. Some, like sea There are 680 species, 231 undescribed. slugs, have no shell at all. Most molluscs also have a strap-like ribbon of minute teeth — the Scaphopoda radula — inside the mouth, but this characteristic Tusk shells. The body and head are reduced but Molluscan feature is lacking in clams (bivalves) and there is a foot that is used for burrowing in soft some deep-sea finned octopuses. A significant part sediments. The shell is open at both ends, with of the body is muscular, like the adductor muscles the narrow tip just above the sediment surface for and foot of clams and scallops, the head-foot of respiration.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lower Bathyal and Abyssal Seafloor Fauna of Eastern Australia T
    O’Hara et al. Marine Biodiversity Records (2020) 13:11 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41200-020-00194-1 RESEARCH Open Access The lower bathyal and abyssal seafloor fauna of eastern Australia T. D. O’Hara1* , A. Williams2, S. T. Ahyong3, P. Alderslade2, T. Alvestad4, D. Bray1, I. Burghardt3, N. Budaeva4, F. Criscione3, A. L. Crowther5, M. Ekins6, M. Eléaume7, C. A. Farrelly1, J. K. Finn1, M. N. Georgieva8, A. Graham9, M. Gomon1, K. Gowlett-Holmes2, L. M. Gunton3, A. Hallan3, A. M. Hosie10, P. Hutchings3,11, H. Kise12, F. Köhler3, J. A. Konsgrud4, E. Kupriyanova3,11,C.C.Lu1, M. Mackenzie1, C. Mah13, H. MacIntosh1, K. L. Merrin1, A. Miskelly3, M. L. Mitchell1, K. Moore14, A. Murray3,P.M.O’Loughlin1, H. Paxton3,11, J. J. Pogonoski9, D. Staples1, J. E. Watson1, R. S. Wilson1, J. Zhang3,15 and N. J. Bax2,16 Abstract Background: Our knowledge of the benthic fauna at lower bathyal to abyssal (LBA, > 2000 m) depths off Eastern Australia was very limited with only a few samples having been collected from these habitats over the last 150 years. In May–June 2017, the IN2017_V03 expedition of the RV Investigator sampled LBA benthic communities along the lower slope and abyss of Australia’s eastern margin from off mid-Tasmania (42°S) to the Coral Sea (23°S), with particular emphasis on describing and analysing patterns of biodiversity that occur within a newly declared network of offshore marine parks. Methods: The study design was to deploy a 4 m (metal) beam trawl and Brenke sled to collect samples on soft sediment substrata at the target seafloor depths of 2500 and 4000 m at every 1.5 degrees of latitude along the western boundary of the Tasman Sea from 42° to 23°S, traversing seven Australian Marine Parks.
    [Show full text]
  • Gastropoda: Turbinellidae)
    Ruthenica, 200 I, II (2): 81-136. ©Ruthenica, 2001 A revision of the Recent species of Exilia, formerly Benthovoluta (Gastropoda: Turbinellidae) I 2 3 Yuri I. KANTOR , Philippe BOUCHET , Anton OLEINIK 1 A.N. Severtzov Institute of Problems of Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninski prosp. 33, Moscow 117071, RUSSIA; 2 Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 55, Rue BufJon, 75005 Paris, FRANCE; 3 Department of Geography & Geology Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Rd, Physical Sciences Building, PS 336, Boca Raton FL 33431-0991, USA ABSTRACT. The range of shell characters (overall established among some of these nominal taxa. shape, sculpture, columellar plaits, protoconchs) Schematically, Exilia Conrad, 1860, Palaeorhaphis exhibited by fossil and Recent species placed in Stewart, 1927, and Graphidula Stephenson, 1941 Exilia Conrad, 1860, Mitraefusus Bellardi, 1873, are currently used as valid genera for Late Creta­ Mesorhytis Meek, 1876, Surculina Dall, 1908, Phe­ ceous to Neogene fossils; and Surculina Dall, 1908 nacoptygma Dall, 1918, Palaeorhaphis Stewart, 1927, and Benthovoluta Kuroda et Habe, 1950 are cur­ Zexilia Finlay, 1926, Graphidula Stephenson, 1941, rently used as valid genera for Recent deep-water Benthovoluta Kuroda et Habe, 1950, and Chatha­ species from middle to low latitudes. Each of these midia Dell, 1956 and the anatomy of the Recent nominal taxa has had a complex history of family species precludes separation of more than one genus. allocation, which has not facilitated comparisons Consequently all of these nominal genera are sy­ on a broader scale. Exilia and Benthovoluta are the nonymised with Exilia, with a stratigraphical range genera best known in the fossil and Recent litera­ from Late Cretaceous to Recent.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: PATTERNS IN
    ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: PATTERNS IN DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF BENTHIC MOLLUSCS ALONG A DEPTH GRADIENT IN THE BAHAMAS Michael Joseph Dowgiallo, Doctor of Philosophy, 2004 Dissertation directed by: Professor Marjorie L. Reaka-Kudla Department of Biology, UMCP Species richness and abundance of benthic bivalve and gastropod molluscs was determined over a depth gradient of 5 - 244 m at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas by deploying replicate benthic collectors at five sites at 5 m, 14 m, 46 m, 153 m, and 244 m for six months beginning in December 1993. A total of 773 individual molluscs comprising at least 72 taxa were retrieved from the collectors. Analysis of the molluscan fauna that colonized the collectors showed overwhelmingly higher abundance and diversity at the 5 m, 14 m, and 46 m sites as compared to the deeper sites at 153 m and 244 m. Irradiance, temperature, and habitat heterogeneity all declined with depth, coincident with declines in the abundance and diversity of the molluscs. Herbivorous modes of feeding predominated (52%) and carnivorous modes of feeding were common (44%) over the range of depths studied at Lee Stocking Island, but mode of feeding did not change significantly over depth. One bivalve and one gastropod species showed a significant decline in body size with increasing depth. Analysis of data for 960 species of gastropod molluscs from the Western Atlantic Gastropod Database of the Academy of Natural Sciences (ANS) that have ranges including the Bahamas showed a positive correlation between body size of species of gastropods and their geographic ranges. There was also a positive correlation between depth range and the size of the geographic range.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Light Intensity and Tidal Cycle on the Hatching and Larval Behaviour of the Muricid Gastropod Chorus Giganteus
    Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 440 (2013) 69–73 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jembe The effect of light intensity and tidal cycle on the hatching and larval behaviour of the muricid gastropod Chorus giganteus José A. Gallardo a,⁎, Antonio Brante b, Juan Miguel Cancino b a Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Altamirano 1480, Valparaíso, Chile b Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Casilla 297, Concepción, Chile article info abstract Article history: Encapsulation is a common strategy observed among marine caenogastropods. Although the capsule confers Received 20 August 2012 protection for embryos, its rigidity and strength pose a significant challenge as the larvae hatch. The factors Received in revised form 19 November 2012 that drive hatching among these benthic marine gastropods have scarcely been studied. In this study, we exper- Accepted 22 November 2012 imentally evaluated whether the capsule plug opening and larval release processes were synchronised with day/ Available online xxxx night or tidal cycles in the muricid gastropod Chorus giganteus. In addition, we tested the effect of different levels of light intensity on the swimming behaviour of pre- and post-hatching larvae. The results showed that capsule Keywords: Chorus giganteus plug rupture occurred in synchronous pulses of capsule groups during both day and night. A periodogram anal- Day/night cycle ysis did not show circatidal rhythmicity in either the plug rupture or total number of capsules hatched. The Hatching highest percentage of larvae hatched at sunset and during the night (82.9%), whereas only 17% of them hatched Intracapsular development during the day.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Mollusca of Isotope Stages of the Last 2 Million Years in New Zealand
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232863216 Marine Mollusca of isotope stages of the last 2 million years in New Zealand. Part 4. Gastropoda (Ptenoglossa, Neogastropoda, Heterobranchia) Article in Journal- Royal Society of New Zealand · March 2011 DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2011.548763 CITATIONS READS 19 690 1 author: Alan Beu GNS Science 167 PUBLICATIONS 3,645 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Integrating fossils and genetics of living molluscs View project Barnacle Limestones of the Southern Hemisphere View project All content following this page was uploaded by Alan Beu on 18 December 2015. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. This article was downloaded by: [Beu, A. G.] On: 16 March 2011 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 935027131] Publisher Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37- 41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t918982755 Marine Mollusca of isotope stages of the last 2 million years in New Zealand. Part 4. Gastropoda (Ptenoglossa, Neogastropoda, Heterobranchia) AG Beua a GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand Online publication date: 16 March 2011 To cite this Article Beu, AG(2011) 'Marine Mollusca of isotope stages of the last 2 million years in New Zealand. Part 4. Gastropoda (Ptenoglossa, Neogastropoda, Heterobranchia)', Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 41: 1, 1 — 153 To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2011.548763 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2011.548763 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • June 28, 1859. Dr. Gray, FRS, VP, in the Chair. the Following
    213 June 28, 1859. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., V.P., in the Chair. The following papers were read :- I. NOTESON THE DUCK-BILL(ORNITHORHYNCHUS ANATIXU~). BY UR. GEORGEBENNETT, P.Z.S. (Mammalia, P1. LXXI.) On the morning of the 14th of September, 1848, I received through the kindness of Henry Brooks, Esq., of Penrith, six speci- mens of the Omithorhynchus-an unusually large number to be captured and sent at one time-consisting of four full-grown inales and two full-grown females. As usual, the latter were much smaller in size than the former. Some of these animals had been shot, and others captured in nets at night, at a place named Robe’s Creek, near the South Creek, Penrith, about thirty miles from Sydney. They were all in good and fresh condition, excepting one of the fe- males, in which some degree of decomposition had taken place, but not sufficient to prevent examination. On dissection, I found the uteri of the females (although it was the commencement of the breeding season) unimpregnated ; but in the four males the testes were all enlarged, resembling pigeons’ eggs in size, and of a pure white colour. At other seasons of the year I have observed them in these animals not larger than a small pea, and this being the commence- ment of the breeding season could alone account for their size ; so that they show in this respect a great resemblance to what is observed in most birds during the breeding season of the year. I am not aware of this peculiarity existing in any other Mammalia.
    [Show full text]
  • Auckland Shell Club Auction Lot List - 24 October 2015 Albany Hall
    Auckland Shell Club Auction Lot List - 24 October 2015 Albany Hall. Setup from 9am. Viewing from 10am. Auction starts at noon. Lot Type Reserve 1 WW Many SMALL CYPRAEIDAE including the rare Rosaria caputdraconis from Easter Is. Mauritian scurra from Somalia, Cypraea eburnea white from from, New Caledonia, Cypraea chinensis from Solomon Is Lyncina sulcidentata from Hawaii and heaps more. 2 WW Many CONIDAE including rare Conus queenslandis (not perfect!) Conus teramachii, beautiful Conus trigonis, Conus ammiralis, all from Australia, Conus aulicus, Conus circumcisus, Conus gubernator, Conus generalis, Conus bullatus, Conus distans, and many more. 3 WW BIVALVES: Many specials including Large Pearl Oyster Pinctada margaritifera, Chlamys sowerbyi, Glycymeris gigantea, Macrocallista nimbosa, Pecten glaber, Amusiium pleuronectes, Pecten pullium, Zygochlamys delicatula, and heaps more. 4 WW VOLUTIDAE: Rare Teramachia johnsoni, Rare Cymbiolacca thatcheri, Livonia roadnightae, Zidona dufresnei, Lyria kurodai, Cymbiola rutila, Cymbium olia, Pulchra woolacottae, Cymbiola pulchra peristicta, Athleta studeri, Amoria undulata, Cymbiola nivosa. 5 WW MIXTURE Rare Campanile symbolium, Livonia roadnightae, Chlamys australis, Distorsio anus, Bulluta bullata, Penion maximus, Matra incompta, Conus imperialis, Ancilla glabrata, Strombus aurisdianae, Fusinus brasiliensis, Columbarium harrisae, Mauritia mauritana, and heaps and heaps more! 6 WW CYPRAEIDAE: 12 stunning shells including Trona stercoraria, Cypraea cervus, Makuritia eglantrine f. grisouridens, Cypraea
    [Show full text]
  • Iberus : Revista De La Sociedad Española De Malacología
    © SociedadEspañola de Malacología Iberus,2A (1): 13-21,2006 Taxonomic notes on some Indo -Pacific and West African Drilliaspecies (Conoidea: Drilliidae) Notas taxonómicas sobre unas especies de Drillia del Indo -Pacifico y África occidental (Conoidea: Drilliidae) Donn L. TIPPETT* Recibido ell-XII-2003. Aceptado el' 7-III-2006 ABSTRACT Two uncommon turrid species, Drillia dunkeri (Weinkauff, 1 876) and Drillia enna (Dalí, 1918), have been reviewed on the basis of examination of type material, material discovered in the USNM collection or procured by the author, and study of the literature. The review permits clarification of their taxonomic status, localities, and ranges. Athird, common, species, Drillia regia (Habe and Murakami, 1970), confused originally with D. enna, is similarly clarified. Confused with Drillia dunkeri, Drillia umbilicata Gray, 1 838, type species of the genus, and a species resembling it closely, Drillia patriciae Bernard, 1 984 are also reviewed. RESUMEN Drillia dunkeri (Weinkauff, 1876) y Drillia enna (Dalí, 1918), dos especies de tórridos poco comunes, se revisan en base al material tipo, de colecciones en el USNM o procu- rado por el autor, y el estudio de la literatura. La revisión permite clarificar el estado taxo- nómico, localidades y de rango. Igualmente se aclara la taxonomía de una tercera espe- cie común, D. regia (Habe y Murakami, 1970), originalmente confunidida con D. enna. Debido a la confusión con D. dunkeri, también se revisa D. umbilicata Gray, 1838, la especie tipo del género, y una especie parecida, D. patriciae Bernard, 1984. KEY WORDS: Drillia, taxonomy. PALABRAS CLAVE: Drillia, taxonomía. INTRODUCTION Drillia dunkeri (Weinkauff, 1876), as the USNM collection reveáis 3 further Pleurotoma {Clavus) dunkeri, was de- specimens that are here identified as D.
    [Show full text]